Đề cương ôn tập học kì 1 môn Anh Văn 8 - Năm học 2018-2019

Đề cương ôn tập hk1 năm 2018-2019
Anh văn 8
Language focus :
SIMPLE PRESENT
Công thức thì hiện tại đơn đối với động từ thường
Khẳng định:S + V_S/ES + O
Phủ định: S+ DO/DOES + NOT + V(inf) +O
Nghi vấn: DO/DOES + S + V(inf) + O ?
Công thức thì hiện tại đơn đối với động từ Tobe
Khẳng định: S+ AM/IS/ARE + O
Phủ định: S + AM/IS/ARE + NOT + O
Nghi vấn: AM/IS/ARE + S + O ?
Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì hiện tại đơn:
Always , usually ,often , frequently , sometimes ,seldom, rarely, hardly, never, generally, regularly.
Every day, every week, every month, every year
Once/ twice/ three times/ four times.. a day/ week/ month/ year,.
Cách dùng thì hiện tại đơn:
Thì hiện tại đơn nói về một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý đúng. (Ex: The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.)
Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả 1 thói quen , một hành động thường xảy ra ở hiện tại. (Ex:I get up early every morning.)
Để nói lên khả năng của một người (Ex : Tùng plays tennis very well.)
Thì hiện tại đơn còn được dùng để nói về một thời gian biểu, chương trình, lịch trìnhtrong tương lai (EX:The football match starts at 20 o’clock.)
Pronouncing -s/ -es endings
Phát âm là /s/ khi từ tận cùng bằng các phụ âm vô thanh:
 /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /θ/
Phát âm là /ɪz/ khi từ tận cùng bằng các phụ âm gió
 /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/
 3. Phát âm là /z/ còn lại 
Bài tập 
1. Chia động từ trong ngoặc .
1. She (not study) . on Saturday
2. He (have) . a new haircut today.
3. I usually (have) .breakfast at 6.30.
4. Peter (not/ study).very hard. He never gets high scores.
5. My mother often (teach).me English on Saturday evenings.
6. I like Math and she (like).Literature.
7. My sister (wash).the dishes every day.
8. They (not/ have).breakfast every morning.
 2. Hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại sau bằng cách điền đúng dạng từ.
My cousin, Peter, (have).. a dog. It (be).. an intelligent pet with a short tail and big black eyes. Its name (be).. Kiki and it (like).. eating pork. However, it (never/ bite) .. anyone; sometimes it (bark).. when strange guests visit. To be honest, it (be). very friendly. It (not/ like).. eating fruits, but it (often/ play).. with them. When the weather (become).. bad, it (just/ sleep).. in his cage all day. Peter (play).. with Kiki every day after school. There (be).. many people on the road, so Peter (not/ let).. the dog run into the road. He (often/ take).. Kiki to a large field to enjoy the peace there. Kiki (sometimes/ be).. naughty, but Peter loves it very much.
SIMPLE PAST
Công thức thì quá khứ đơn đối với động từ thường
Khẳng định:S + Vp2/ED + O
Phủ định: S + did + not+ V(inf) + O
Nghi vấn: Did + S + V(inf) + O ?
Công thức thì quá khứ đơn đối với động từ Tobe
Khẳng định: S+ Were/Was +O.
Phủ định: S + Were/Was +O.
Nghi vấn: Were/Was + S +.?
Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
 Yesterday, ago , last night/ last week/ last month/ last year, ago(cách đây), when
Cách dùng:
Dùng thì quá khứ đơn khi nói về một hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ. (EX: I went to the concert last week; I met him yesterday.)
Diễn đạt các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ (Ex: She came home, had a cup of water and went to her room without saying a word.)
Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 2 (EX: If I were rich, I wouldn’t be living this life).
Diễn đạt một hành động xen vào một hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ (EX: Jordan was waiting for the bus when Tim came.)
Pronouncing - ed endings 
Phát âm là /ɪd/ khi đồng từ tận cùng bằng hai phụ âm
 /t/, /d/
 Phát âm là /t/ khi động từ tận cùng bằng các phụ âm vô thanh /p/, k/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/
Phát âm là /d/ khi động từ tận cùng bằng các âm còn lại
Bài tập
1. Lựa chọn và điền dạng đúng của từ:
teach     cook     want     spend       ring
be     sleep     study     go     write
1. She..out with her boyfriend last night.
2. Laura..a meal yesterday afternoon.
3. Mozart..more than 600 pieces of music.
4. I..tired when I came home.
5. The bed was very comfortable so they..very well.
6. Jamie passed the exam because he..very hard.
7. My father..the teenagers to drive when he was alive.
8. Dave..to make a fire but there was no wood.
9. The little boy..hours in his room making his toys.
10. The telephone..several times and then stopped before I could answer it.
2.Chia động từ trong ngoặc đúng dạng thì quá khứ đơn:
Snow White was the daughter of a beautiful queen, who died when the girl (be) (1).. young. Her father (get married) (2) .again, but the girl’s stepmother was very jealous of her because she was so beautiful. The evil queen (order) (3).a hunter to kill Snow White but he couldn’t do it because she was so lovely. He (chase) (4) .her away instead, and she (take) (5) .refuge with seven dwarfs in their house in the forest. She (live) (6) .with the dwarfs and took care of them and they (love) (7) .her dearly. Then, one day the talking mirror (tell) (8) .the evil queen that Snow White was still alive. She (change) (9) .herself into a witch and (make) (10) .a poisoned apple. She (go) (11) .to the dwarfs’ house disguised as an old woman and tempted Snow White to eat the poisoned apple, which (put) (12).her into an everlasting sleep. Finally, a prince (find) (13) .her in the glass coffin where the dwarfs had put her and woke her up with a kiss. Snow White and the prince (be) (14) .married and lived happily ever after.
3.Chuyển những động từ bất quy tắc sau sang dạng quá khứ và V3
 1.. Be
2. Become
3. Begin
4. Break
5. Bring
6. Build
7. Buy
8. Choose
9. Come
10. Cost
11. Cut
12. Do
13. Dream
14. Drink
15. Eat
16. Feel
17. Find
18. Forget
19. Get
20. Give
21. Go
22. Have
23. Hear
24. Hold
25. Keep
26. Know
27. Learn
1. Let
2. Make
3. Mean
4. Meet
5. Pay
6. Put
7. Read
8. Rise
9. Run
10. Say
11. See
12. Send
13. Set
14. Shake
15. Shut
16. Sing
17. Sit
18. Sleep
19. Stand
20. Swim
21. Take
22. Teach
23. Tell
24. Think
25. Wear
26. win
27. write
SIMPLE FUTURE
Công thức:
Khẳng định:S + shall/will + V(infinitive) + O
Phủ định: S + shall/will + not + V(infinitive) + O
Nghi vấn: Shall/will+S + V(infinitive) + O ?
Dấu hiệu:
tomorrow, Next day/ Next week/ next month/ next year,  in + thời gian
Cách dùng:
Diễn tả dự định nhất thời xảy ra ngay tại lúc nói. (EX: Are you going to the Cinema? I will go with you.)
Hành động xảy ra ở tương lai nhưng không có dự định, kế hoạch cụ thể (50- 60%) ( Ex : I will live in US in the future )
Nói về một dự đoán không có căn cứ. (EX: I think he will come to the party.)
Khi muốn yêu cầu, đề nghị.lời mời. lời hứa, cảnh cáo (EX: Will you please bring me a cellphone?)
Fill in the blanks with correct form of verbs.
I (do)__________it for you tomorrow.
My father (call)_____________you in 5 minutes.
We believe that she (recover)_______________from her illness soon.
I promise I (return)______________to school on time.
If it rains, he (stay)____________at home.
You (take) me to the zoo this weekend?
I think he (not come)_______________back his hometown.
2.Rearrange the order of these words to make meaningful sentences.
She/ hope/ that/ Mary/ come/ party/ tonight.
I/ finish/ my report/ 2 days.
If/ you/ not/ study/ hard/,/ you/ not/ pass/ final/ exam.
You/ look/ tired,/ so/ I/ bring/ you/ something/ eat.
you/ please/ give/ me/ lift/ station?
III. Complete the sentences.
I’m afraid I _________________________ (not/ be) able to come tomorrow.
Because of the train strike, the meeting _________________________ (not/ take) place at 9 o’clock.
A: “Go and tidy your room.”
B: “I _________________________ (not/ do) it!”
If it rains, we _________________________ (not/ go) to the beach.
In my opinion, she _________________________ (not/ pass) the exam.
A: “I’m driving to the party, would you like a lift?”
B: “Okay, I _________________________ (not/ take) the bus, I’ll come with you.”
He _________________________ (not/ buy) the car, if he can’t afford it.
I’ve tried everything, but he _________________________ (not/ eat).
According to the weather forecast, it _________________________ (not/ snow) tomorrow.
A: “I’m really hungry.”
B: “In that case we _________________________ (not/ wait) for John.
BE GOING TO( near future with be going to )
công thức :
S + am / is / are + going to + bare-inf ( V0 ) ( + )
S + am / is / are + going to + bar-inf ( V0 ) ( - )
Am / is / are + S + going to + bare-inf ( V0 ) ( ? )
Passive : công thức khi chuyển sang câu bị động
S + am / is / are + going to + be + PP + by + O
Cách dùng
+ dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động , 1 ý định chắc chắn xảy ra ở tương lai trong thời gian gần
I’m going to run in 1 hour
Diễn tả một dự định được lên kế hoạch từ trước
Diễn tả một tiên đoán có căn cứ trong tương lai
Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain soon.
+ Adverbs of time : tomorrow , next week/month , in ..... years time ..
BÀI TẬP 
I. Hãy viết các câu sau ở thì tương lai gần. "be going to+V"
My father/go on/ diet.
He/ not/ drink so much beer.
What/ you/ do/ tonight?
you/have/haircut?
Lan/ tidy/ her bed room.
she/ copy/ the chapter.
he/ criticise/ you.
I/ defend/ my point of view.
they/ discuss/ the problem.
he/ reach/ his goal.
the robber/ rob/ another bank.
we/ explore/ a new territory.
they/ rescue/ the girl.
Exercise: Put the correct form of the verbs:
1. "I am not going to do aerobics tomorrow morning."
"What ______ you_____________ (do)?"
2. My team (go) _____ on a picnic this weekend.
3. I (have) _____ my hair cut tomorrow because it’s too long.
4. My elder sister (buy) _____ a new shirt tonight because she has just got salary.
5. I feel terrible. I think I (be) _________ill.
6. I (see) _________ the movie “The Moon” this evening with my cousin at 9 o’clock tonight.
7. What_________ you _________ (do) after graduation?
8. They (sell) _____ their old house because they have just bought a new one.
9. Tomorrow, I (visit) _____ my mother-in-law in the hospital.
10. - Why have they demolished that building?
- They (build) _____ a new cultural center.
PRESENT PERFECT
Công thức
Khẳng định:S + have/ has + V3/ED+ O
Phủ định:S + have/ has+ NOT + V3/ED+ O
Nghi vấn:Have/ has + S+ V3/ED+ O ?
Dấu hiệu :
All day, all week, since, for, for a long time, almost every day, this week, recently, lately, in the past week, in recent years, up to now, until now
Since thời gian: từ khi (mốc thời gian)
For: khoảng (khoảng thời gian)
Several times: vài lần
Many times: nhiều lần
Up to now = until now = up to present = so far: cho đến bây giờ
Never - ever Just - yet
Cách dùng
Nói về một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại, có thể xảy ra trong tương lai. (EX: John have worked for this company since 2005.)
Nói về hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác định được thời gian, và tập trung  vào kết quả. (EX: I have met him several times)
Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra và hậu quả của nó vẫn còn ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại: ( EX :I have (I've) broken my watch so I don't know what time it is.)
Diễn tả hành động mới diễn ra gần đây. Chúng ta thường dùng các từ như 'just', 'already' hay 'yet'.( EX :We've already talked about that.)
BÀI TẬP
1. Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) This is the first time he went abroad.
=> He hasn't..........................................................................................
2) She started driving 1 month ago.
=> She has...........................................................................................
3) We began eating when it started to rain.
=> We have........................................................................................
4) I last had my hair cut when I left her.
=> I haven't......................................................................................
5) The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
=> She hasn't.....................................................................................
6) It is a long time since we last met.
=> We haven't....................................................................................
7) When did you have it?
=> How long......................................................................................?
8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.
=> I haven't.....................................................................................
9) I haven't seen him for 8 days.
=> The last.........................................................................................
10) I haven't taken a bath since Monday.
=> It is.......................................................................................................
Bài 2: Chia động từ thì hiện tại hoàn thành
I have not worked today.
We (buy)..............a new lamp.
We (not/ plan)..............our holiday yet.
Where (be/ you)?
He (write)..............five letters.
She (not/ see)..............him for a long time.
(be/ you)..............at school?
School (not/ start)..............yet.
(speak/ he)..............to his boss?
No, he (have/ not)..............the time yet.
STRUCTURES
ENOUGH
Ennough” được sử dụng sau tính từ và trạng từ kết hợp với nó là động từ nguyên thể có “to”
Khẳng định: 
– S + tobe + adj + enough + (for SB) + to V0
– S + V + adv + enough + (for SB) + to V0
 Phủ định:
– S + tobe not + adj + enough + (for SB) + to V0
– S + don’t/doesn’t/didn’t +V + adv + enough + (for SB) + to V0
 Khi “Enough” kết hợp với danh từ thì “enough” đứng trước danh từ
S + V + enough + noun + (for SB) + to V0
 BÀI TẬP
I. Use ENOUGH and one word from the box to complete each sentence.
Adjectives: big, old, warm, well
Nouns: cups, milk, money, qualifications, time, room
1. She shouldn’t get married. She’s not .......................
2. I’d like to bye a car but I haven’t got .......................
3. Have you got ....................... in your tea or would you like some more ?
4. Are you ....................... ? Or shall I swish on the heating ?
5. It’s only a small car. There isn’t ....................... for all of you.
6. Steve didn’t feel ....................... to go to work this morning.
7. I didn’t answer all the questions in the exam. I didn’t have .......................
8. Do you think I’ve got .............................................. to apply for the job ?
9. Try this jacket on to see if it’s ....................... for you.
10. There weren’t ....................... for everybody to have coffee at the same time.
warm, time, fast, long, money, information, tall, people
1. I can’t give you an answer because I don’t have .........................................
2. I couldn’t run .......................
3. The ladder wasn’t ....................... to reach the window.
4. There aren’t ....................... to make a club of stamps collectors.
5. Do you have ....................... to buy her a present?
6. The pants weren’t ....................... to fit my brother.
7. The weather isn’t ....................... for us to go swimming.
8. Did you have ....................... to answer all the questions in the test?
ADVERBS OF PLACE 
 here (ở đây/ tại nơi này), there (đằng kia/ nơi đó/ tại chỗ kia), inside (ở trong), outside (ở ngoài), upstairs (ở trên lầu/ ở tầng trên), downstairs (ở tầng dưới/ ở dưới lầu).
Exercise : Put the correct adverbs of place from the box in the blanks.
upstairs downstairs inside (x3)
here sideways abroad
1.He`s going ______ for further study next year. He`s studying at a university in the USA.
2,Can you bring them all ______?
3.When it started to rain, Tom and his dog had to move ______.
4.Please carry my suitcases ______ . They`re downstairs now.
5.Tell your friends to wait ______ in the living room. I don`t want them to go upstairs.
6.We should stay ______ . It`s very cold outside.
7.Please step ______. They are carrying heavy suitcases.
8.He is shaking the box, but there is nothing ______.
ADVERBS OF MANNER
Giữ nguyên tính từ và thêm đuôi –ly
(Câu hỏi cho loại trạng từ này là "How?")
strict - strictly, careless - carelessly, beautiful - beautifully
2. Biến đổi tính từ trước khi thêm đuôi –ly
Tính từ kết thúc bằng –y: bỏ –y và thêm –ily (easy – easily)
Tính từ kết thúc bằng –le: bỏ –e thêm –y (gentle – gently)
Tính từ kết thúc bằng –ic: thêm –ally (fantastic – fantastically)
Tính từ kết thúc bằng –ll: thêm –y (full – fully)
3. Các trường hợp ngoại lệ
Tính từ và trạng từ có cùng cách viết: fast - fast, late - late, hard- hard, early - early 
Tính từ và trạng từ khác nhau hoàn toàn về cách viết: good - well
BÀI TẬP 
1.Điền từ vào chỗ trống phù hợp
hard 	 softly fast badly well
a) Hoa: Does Mrs. Nga speak English?
Lan: Oh, yes. She speaks English ________.
b) Hoa: Ba always gets excellent grades.
Lan: That's because he studies ________.
c) Hoa: That's our bus!
Lan: Run ________ and we might catch it.
d) Hoa: I'm very sorry. I know I behaved ________.
Lan: It's all right.
e) Hoa: I can't hear you, Lan.
Lan: Sorry, but I'm speaking ________ because I have a sore throat.
2.Điền từ vào chỗ trống phù hợp
1.Jimmy is a good football player. He can play football very 
________________(good).
2.They were brave soldiers. They fought _______(brave) in the battle.
3.This man is a careless driver. He drove the car very (careless).
4. Carlos is a lazy student. He studies very _______(lazy).
 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
I — myself
you — yourself/yourselves
he — himself
she — herself
one — oneself
it — itself
we — ourselves
they — themselves
Một số động từ thường có đại từ phản thân theo sau làm tân ngữ: 
- cut + đại từ phản thân: đứt tay
- hurt + đại từ phản thân: tự làm đau bản thân 
- burn + đại từ phản thân: bị bỏng
- kill + đại từ phản thân: tự tử 
- look at/ see + đại từ phản thân: tự nhìn hình ảnh của mình 
* Một số lối diễn đạt có sử dụng đại từ phản thân 
- Enjoy yourself : hi vọng bạn có khoảng thời gian vui vẻ 
- Behave yourself : hãy ăn ở cho phải phép 
- Help yourself to tea: Đừng đợi được phục vụ trà, bạn phải tự làm cho mình 
- Make yourself at home : Cứ tự nhiên như ở nhà 
- I live by myself : Tôi sống một mình
BÀI TẬP 
Gạch bỏ một từ sai trong mỗi câu.
1. Mark, Lily, don't touch that electric wire or you will hurt yourself / yourselves.
2. Some people only think about themself / themselves.
3. Hi Nina! Please come in and make yourself/	 yourselves at home.
4. The terrorist shot themselves/ himself.( terrorist : tên khủng bố)
5. Jack is very lazy/ diligent. He always copies his friends’ homework and never does it by himself.
6. You may see /help yourself any snacks you like on the table.
7. We watch videos on YouTube to teach/ behave ourselves how to knit.
8. A tiger enjoyed /hurt itself when it tried to get out of the zoo yesterday.
 MODAL VERBS
- Các động từ khiếm khuyết thường gặp bao gồm:
can – could; may – might; will – would; shall – should; ought to; must..
negative :
Cannot → can’t
Must not → mustn’t
Shall not → shan’t
Will not → won’t
Should → shouldn’t
Ought not → oughtn’t (ít được sử dụng)
1.Cấu trúc câu với (MOD.V ) 
Statement:
Subject + modal verb + V. 
Negative: 
Subject + modal verb + not + V. ( ought not to + Vo)
Question: 
Modal verb + subject + V?	
( NGOẠI TRỪ HAVE TO )
(+) S+ HAVE/ HAS TO+ Vo .
(-) S+ AUX.V + not + HAVE TO + Vo.
(?)AUX.V + S + HAVE TO + Vo ?	
Aux.v : do . does . did
BÀI TẬP 
Rewrite the sentence in the same meaning:
1) Perhaps Susan know the address. (may)
Susan .................................................................................
2) It's possible that Joanna didn't receive my message. (might)
Joanna ...................................................................................
3) The report must be on my desk tomorrow. (has)
Thereport ...............................................................................
4) I managed to finish all my work. (able)
I ...........................................................................................
5) It was not necessary for Nancy to clean the flat. (didn't)
Nancy ......................................................................................
6) The best thing for you to do is to sit down sit down. (better)
You ........................................................................................
II. Choose the best option for each sentence:
1) Young people ______ obey their parents.
a. must            b. may              c. will             d. ought to
2) Laura, you and the kids just have dinner without waiting for me. I ______ work very hard today.
a. can             b. may              c. should          d. would
3) I ______ be delighted to show you round the factory.
a. ought to         b. would            c. might           d. can
4) Leave early so that you ______ miss the bus.
a. didn’t           b. won’t             c. shouldn’t        d. mustn’t
5) Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ______ have cost a fortune
a. must           b. might             c. will             d. should
6) You ______ to write them today.
a. should          b. must             c. had            d. ought
7) I hope I ______ find it.
a. will             b. shall             c. could           d. must
8) Unless he runs he______ catch the train.
a. will             b. mustn’t           c. wouldn’t        d. won’t
9) ______ you be in Rome tonight.
a. will            b. may             c. might            d. maybe
10) We ______ have time to help you tomorrow.
a. may            b. must            c. will           d. could.
11) "______ you hand me that pair of scissors, please?"
a. May            b. Will            c. Shall            d. Should
12) Jeanette did very badly on the exam. She _____ harder.
a. must have studied                 c. could have studied
b. should have studied                 d. must studied
13) He was very lucky when he fell off the ladder. He _____ himself.
a. could have hurt                    c. must have hurt
b. should have hurt                  d. will have hurt
14) Marcela didn't come to class yesterday. She _____ an accident.
a. should have had                  c. must have
b. might have                       d. may have had
15) John still hasn't come out. He ______ everything for the trip now.
a. must have been preparing          c. must be preparing
b. will be preparing                  d. will have prepared
16) Thomas received a warning for speeding. He _____ so fast.
a. shouldn't have driven             c. should have
b. would have driven                d. might have driven
17) The photos are black. The X-ray at the airport _____ them.
a. should have damaged            c. would have damaged
c. would damage                   d. must have damaged
18) Tom didn't do his homework, so the teacher became very angry. He _____ his homework.
a. must have done                 b. should have done
c. might have                      d. will have done
19) My car stopped on the high way. It _____ out of gas
a. may run                        c. must be
b. may have run                   d. should have run
20) Robert arrived without his book. He _____ it.
a. could have lost                  c. would have lost
b. should have lost                 d. will have lost
21) "Where do you think Rooney is today?". "I have no idea. He _____ late."
a. should have left                  c. would sleep
b. would have sleep                d. may have sleep
22) Berbatov painted his bedroomblack. It looks dark and dreary. He _____ a different color.
a. had to choose                  c. must have chosen
b. should have chosen             d. could have been choosing
23) The children _____ "thank you" to you when you gave them their gifts.
a. will have said                   c. should have said
b. must say                       d. should say
24) If we had known your new address, we _____ to see you.
a. came                          c. will come
b. would have come             d. would come
25) These two boys look identical. They _____ twins.
a. must have been               c. should be
b. must be                       d. should have been
WHY & BECAUSE 
Adverbial Clauses of Reasons + CLAUSE
A clause 
(containing a finite verb)
As
Since 
Because
 Adverbial Clauses of Reasons +A noun or noun phrase
Because of
A noun or noun phrase
(with no verb)
Due to 
Owing to
Thanks to 
The cause of
The reason for
On account of
BÀI 1 CHOOSE ANSWER	
1.Why is he so excited?
2.Why do they close all the windows?
3.Why are his brothers running so quickly?
4.Why can't you come to the party?
5.Why are you looking at that picture?
A.Because the man in that picture looks like my friend.
B.Because they are going to be late for school.
C.Because I have a meeting.
D.Because he is going to Hanoi next weekend.
E.Because their daughter has a cold.
 BÀI 2 REWRITE
1. Because Hoa was rich, she could buy that house.
=> Because of _____________________________.
2. Because the rain was so heavy, I couldn't go to school.
=> Because of _________________________________.
3. His father asked him to go stay at home because he was sick.
=> Because of ______________________________________.
4. Because there was an accident, I was late.
=> Because of _______________________.
5. She failed the University entrance exam because her grades were bad.
=> Because of _____________________________________________.
 G. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME – (Giới từ chỉ thời gian)
1. AT:
– dùng chỉ thời gian trong ngày:
At + giờ
At midnight (nừa đêm), At night (buổi tối), At lunchtime (vào giờ ăn trưa), At noon (giữa trưa,lúc 12 giờ trưa)
– dùng chỉ một dịp lễ hội, một thời khắc nào đó
At the weekend cuối tuần (người Mỹ và Úc dùng on the weekend)
At Easter (vào lễ phục sinh) nhưng On Easter Day (vào ngày lễ Phục Sinh)
At Christmas (vào lễ Giáng sinh) nhưng On Christmas Day (vào ngày lễ Giáng Sinh)
At present (hiện tại)
At the moment (ngay lúc này)
At this / that time (vào thời điểm này / thời điểm đó)
At the same time (cùng lúc)
At the age of (ở lứa tuổi)
2.ON:
– dùng chỉ thứ trong tuần, ngày trong tháng
On Monday / Thursday / Sunday 
On 14th February
On this / that day
– dùng chỉ buổi trong ngày
On Sunday evenings
On Easter Day(vào ngày lễ Phục Sinh)) nhưng At Easter (vào lễ Phục Sinh)
On Christmas Day(vào ngày lễ Giáng Sinh) nhưng At Christmas (vào lễ Giáng Sinh)
On New Year’s Day
On my birthday
3. IN:
– dùng chỉ buổi trong ngày
In the morning / the afternoon / the evening
– dùng cho tháng, mùa, năm, thế kỷ
In August / June / October 
In the summer / winter / spring / autumn
In 2010
In the 19th century
– dùng chỉ thời gian trong tương lai
In a moment / in a few minutes / in an hour / in a day / in a week / in six months/ In the end cuối cùng
Các giới từ khác:
+ After: sau, sau khi
Ex: after six (sau sáu giờ), shortly after six (sau sáu giờ một chút)
I’ll see you after the meeting. (Tôi sẽ gặp anh sau cuộc họp.)
+ before (trước, trước khi)
Ex: before lunch (trước bữa ăn trưa), two days before Christmas (hai ngày trước lễ Giáng sinh), the day before yesterday (hôm kia).
She regularly goes for a run before breakfast. (cô ấy thường chạy bộ trước khi ăn sáng)
+ till: mãi đến, cho đến
Wait for me till next Friday. (Hãy đợi tôi cho đến thứ 6 tới)
– from ..to/ from  up to: từ .đến .
+ between  and ...(giữa thời gian và thời gian.)
Lưu Ý:
+ Không dùng các giới từ in, on, at trước every, last, next, this, tomorrow, yesterday
+ Các giời từ chỉ thời gian: about (khoảng chừng), by (vào khoảng, vào lúc),
during (trong suốt), for (trong khoảng), from (từ), since (từ khi), till/until (cho đến), to (đến),
Phân Biệt On time và in time: Đúng Giờ
On time = Punctual, not late (đúng giờ, không chậm trễ). 
Đối nghĩa với on time là late:
In time (for something/ to do something) = vừa đúng lúc ( làm gì đó)
Ngược lại với in time là too late:
just in time (= almost too late – vừa kịp để không quá muộn):
BÀI TẬP 
Điền giới từ in, on hoặc at vào chỗ trống.
Thong Nhat park is one of the largest amusement parks in Hanoi. It opens (1) 6 am and closes (2) 10:30 pm every day. It is a great idea to come early (3) the morning as you can enjoy the fresh air and the early sunshine. (4) summers, elderly people, kids as well as students go there to relax, read books, chat with one another and escape the hot weather. Although the park first opened (5) ..1958, it soon becomes a frequently-visited place, especially (6).Saturdays and Sundays.
2.Điền giới từ before, after, between, from hoặc to vào chỗ trống.
1.Xuan will be on vacation . tomorrow to next Friday
.2.In the evening, Han’s parents only allow her to go out and return 9 pm
.3.The museum is open  8 am and 5 pm.
4.He had spoken to the examiner .. the examination began as he was not allowed to speak during the examination.
5.We waited for him from 4 pm .. 5 pm yesterday.
6.It’s very cold from October  March
.7.Friday comes Thursday
.8.Spring comes .. Summer.
9.We work  Monday and Friday.
10.Please no loud music midnight!
F. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE