Đề cương lý thuyết và bài tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 8 học kỳ II - Từ Unit 9 đến Unit 16

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP TIẾNG ANH 8 HKII
Từ vựng : Từ bài 9 – 16
Ngữ pháp:
1: REPORTED SPEECH
* Direct – reported speech: (C©u trùc tiÕp- C©u gi¸n tiÕp)
+C©u trùc tiÕp: lµ c©u nãi ®­îc thuËt l¹i ®óng nguyªn v¨n lêi cña ng­êi nãi.
VD:Tom said, “I like reading books”. 
Note: c©u trùc tiÕp ®­îc viÕt trong ngoÆc kÐp, vµ ng¨n c¸ch víi mÖnh ®Ò t­êng thuËt bëi dÊu phÈy.
+C©u gi¸n tiÕp: lµ lêi nãi ®­îc thuËt l¹i víi ý vµ tõ cña ng­êi thuËt nh­ng vÉn gi÷ nguyªn ý.
VD: Tom said he liked reading books. 
Note: C©u gi¸n tiÕp kh«ng bÞ ng¨n c¸ch bëi dÊu phÈy, dÊu ngoÆc kÐp vµ lu«n tËn cïng b»ng dÊu chÊm.
*C©u trùc tiÕp vµ c©u gi¸n tiÕp bao giê còng gåm hai phÇn:
-C©u t­êng thuËt/ mÖnh ®Ò t­êng thuËt.
-C©u trùc tiÕp hay c©u gi¸n tiÕp.
 Tom said, “I like reading books”. 
 M§ t­êng thuËt c©u trùc tiÕp
 Tom said he liked reading books. 
M§ t­êng thuËt c©u gi¸n tiÕp
*Nh÷ng thay ®æi khi chuyÓn tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp :
-§æi ng«i, ®æi th×, tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn theo quy t¾c.
a. Thay đổi về thì Is/am/are	was/ were
	 V1/ V-es/s	V2/V-ed
	 Don’t /doesn’t	Didn’t
 Will Would
	 Can	Could
 Must Had to
b. Thay đổi đại từ : Phụ thuộc vào chủ ngữ của mệnh đề chính
 I He /she
 We They
 He /She /they He /She /They 
1-§æi ng«i:
-Ng«i thø nhÊt: I, me, my, mine, myself, we, us, our, ours, ourselves ®­îc ®æi theo ng«i cña chñ ng÷ ë mÖnh ®Ò t­êng thuËt.
 Tom said, “I like reading books”. 
--> Tom said he liked reading books. 
-Ng«i thø 2: you, yours, your, yourself, yourselves ®­îc ®æi theo ng«i cña t©n ng÷ cña mÖnh ®Ò t­êng thuËt.
 He said to me, “You can take my book”.
--> He said to me (that) I could take his book”.
Ng«i thø 2 ®­îc ®æi thµnh ng«i thø 3 nÕu mÖnh ®Ò t­êng thuËt kh«ng cã t©n ng÷.
 He said, “You can take my book”.
--> He said she could take his book”.
-Ng«i thø ba: he, him, his, himself, they, them, their, theirs, themselves gi÷ nguyªn
VD: Mai said, “They can’t finish their homework”.
--> Mai said they couldn’t finish their homework”.
3-§æi tõ chØ thêi gian, n¬i chèn:
Trùc tiÕp
Gi¸n tiÕp
This
These
Here 
Now
Ago 
Today 
Tonight 
Tomorrow 
Yesterday 
Last night/ week/ month/ year
Next week/ month/ year
That
Those 
There 
Then/ at one/ immediately.
Before
That day
That night
The next/ following day.
The day before/ the previous day
The night/ week/ month/ year before hoÆc the previous night
The following week/ month/ year.
Commands, requests in Reported Speech: t­êng thuËt c©u yªu cÇu hoÆc ®Ò nghÞ
*C©u t­êng thuËt (hay cßn gäi lµ c©u nãi gi¸n tiÕp) lµ c¸ch nãi mµ ng­êi ta dïng ®Ó thuËt l¹i hay kÓ l¹i cho ai nghe nh÷ng g× mµ ng­êi kh¸c ®· hoÆc ®ang nãi. Khi ®æi tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp caàn thay ñoåi ñaïi töø nhaân xöng, t©n ng÷ (personal pronouns) cho thích hôïp.
*Kh¼ng ®Þnh:
Trùc tiÕp: “Please, V + ., + (Tªn)” , S + said / told.
Gi¸n tiÕp : S + told + O(tªn) + to + V..
VD: “Please wait for me, Mary”. Tom said
=>Tom told Mary to wait for him.
*Phñ ®Þnh:
Trùc tiÕp: “Please, Don’t + V + ., + (Tªn)” , S + said / told.
Gi¸n tiÕp : S + told + O(tªn) + not + to + V..
	VD: “Don’t talk in class!” teacher said.
 	=> Teacher told the students not to talk in class.
*Cã thÓ tæng hîp thµnh b¶ng sau :
COMMANDS, REQUESTS AND ADVICE IN REPORTED SPEECH
Imperatives
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Affirmative Imperative
V1 + 
Mike said to Henry, “Come in, please.”
S+ told / asked O + to –infinitive + 
Mike told Mary to come in.
Negative Imperative
Don’t + V1 + 
 "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said.
S+ told / asked O + not + to –infinitive 
She asked the boys not to play on the grass.
Requests
“Can/could/ may /might you...?”
“Could you close this door?”, said Nam to me.
S+ told / asked O + to –infinitive ...
Nam asked / requested me to close that door.
Advice
“ You should / ought to + V1.”
He said to his son,” You should do your homework tonight.”
S+ told + O +(that) S+ should/ ought + to –infinitive ...
He told his son he should do his homework that night.
S+ advised + O +(not)+ To-infinitive	 
Invitation(lời mời)
“ Would you like+ to- infinitive ”
He said to Hoa,” Would you mind to play tennis tonight?”
S+invited + O)+ To-infinitive	 
* C¸c d¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp chuyÓn sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp:
1-D¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp lµ c©u ph¸t biÓu:
*C¸ch chuyÓn:
-LÆp l¹i tõ said/ say.
-Bá ngoÆc kÐp, bá dÊu phÈy thay b»ng that.
-Thay ®æi th×, tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn, ng«i cho phï hîp víi nghÜa cña c©u (nÕu cã)
*C«ng thøc:
 Trùc tiÕp: S + said, “ Clause”
 	 -->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + said + (that) Clause (lïi th×) 
VD: Lan said: “I am a student”.
-->Lan said (that) she was a student.
2-D¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp lµ c©u cÇu khiÕn, c©u mÖnh lÖnh:
*C¸ch chuyÓn:
-§æi ®éng tõ say-->tell, said-->told, sau ®ã thªm t©n ng÷ vµo sau nã.
-Bá dÊu phÈy, dÊu ngoÆc kÐp, dÊu chÊm than, tõ please (nÕu cã).
-§æi ®¹i tõ nh©n x­ng, tÝnh tõ së h÷u, tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian, n¬i chèn (nÕu cÇn thiÕt)
*C«ng thøc:
+Kh¼ng ®Þnh: Trùc tiÕp: S + say/ said, “V”
 	-->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + tell/ told + O + to + V
 	VD: She said, “Close the books, please!”
 	-->She told the students to close the books.
+Phñ ®Þnh: Trùc tiÕp: S + say/ said, “Don’t + V”
 	-->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + tell/ told + O + not + to + V...
VD: She said, “Don’t sit down!”
-->She told me not to sit down
3-D¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp lµ c©u hái ®¶o (Yes/ No- questions)
*C¸ch chuyÓn:
-§æi said-->asked (hoÆc wanted to know/ wondered) sau ®ã thªm t©n ng÷ (nÕu cÇn thiÕt).
-Bá dÊu ngoÆc kÐp, dÊu phÈy vµ dÊu hái.
-§Æt If/ whether lªn tr­íc chñ ng÷ cña c©u gi¸n tiÕp +®éng tõ lïi th×.
-§æi ng«i, ®æi tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn(nÕu cÇn thiÕt).
*C«ng thøc: Trùc tiÕp: Do/ Does/ Did + S + V-nd...?
 	 -->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + V-lïi th× 
VD: “Do you go to school?” he said.
 	-->He asked me whether/ if I went to school.
+D¹ng ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu:
 Trùc tiÕp: Can/ shall/ will+ S + V-nd.?
 	-->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + could/ should/ would + V-nd
VD: Mary said to Nam, “Can you speak English?”
 	-->Mary asked Nam if/ whether he could speak English. 
4-D¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp lµ c©u hái cã tõ ®Ó hái: (Wh-questions)
*C¸ch chuyÓn:
-§æi said-->asked (hoÆc wanted to know/ wondered) sau ®ã thªm t©n ng÷ (nÕu cÇn thiÕt).
-Bá dÊu ngoÆc kÐp, dÊu phÈy vµ dÊu hái.
-§Æt tõ hái wh lªn tr­íc chñ ng÷ cña c©u gi¸n tiÕp +®éng tõ lïi th×.
-§æi ng«i, ®æi tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn(nÕu cÇn thiÕt).
*C«ng thøc: Trùc tiÕp: Tõ hái + do/ does/ did + S + V-nd...?
 	-->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + tõ hái + S + V-lïi th× 
VD: “Where do you live?” he said.
 	-->He asked me where I lived.
+D¹ng ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu:
 	 Trùc tiÕp: Tõ hái + can/ shall/ will+ S + V-nd...?
 	-->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + Tõ hái + S + could/ should/ would + V-nd 
VD: Mary said to Nam, “How can you speak English?”
 	-->Mary asked Nam how he could speak English. 
*Víi TOBE:
VD1: “Are you a student?” She asked me.
 -->She asked me if I was a student.
VD2: “Is she doing her homework?” Mary asked him.
 -->Mary asked him if she was doing her homework.
VD3: “What are you doing?” Mai said to Hoa
 -->Mai asked Hoa what she was doing.
Note:NÕu c©u hái víi will/ shalldiÔn t¶ yªu cÇu, lêi mêi, ®Ò nghÞ cã thÓ chuyÓn sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp d¹ng c©u hái hoÆc c©u cÇu khiÕn.
VD: He said, “Will you open the door?”
-->He asked me to open the door. (He asked me If I would open the door)
2: The tenses
Tenses
Form
Trạng từ thường gặp
Cách dùng và ví dụ
1.The Simple present
(Hiện tại đơn))
S + V/V-s/V-es 
S+do/does not+ V
Do/Does+ S+ V ? 
- always, ofen, usually,frequentyly sometimes=occasionally, rarely=seldom, once or tiwce a week, never
* Chỉ 1 thối quen ở hiện tại.
 - ex: He usually (go) goes to school in the morning
* 1 sự thật không thay đổi.
 - ex: The sun (rise) rises in the East.
2. The Present Continuous
(Hiện tại tiếp diễn)
 S+ am/is/ are+ V-ing
 S +am/is/are+ not+V-ing
 Am/is/are+ S+ V-ing?
at the moment, at the time,Verb! (look!, listen!, be quiet)
at present = now
* Cho hành động đang xảy ra ở thời điểm đang nói.
- It (rain) is raining now.
- Lan (eat) is eating at preent
- Listen! She (sing) is singing
3. The Present
Perfect 
(HTHT) 
S + have/has + V3/Ved
S + have/has +not+ V3/V-ed
Have/Has +S + V3/V-ed?
for + khoảng t.gian
since + Mốc t.gian
never, ever, just = recently = lately, so far = up to now = up to the present= until now,already, yet,this is the first time ...., several times.
* Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong qk t.gian không xác định.
ex: She (visit) has visited Ha Long Bay several times. 
* Chỉ hành động bắt đầu ở qk mà còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại.
- We (learn) have learnt English for 7 years.
- My mother (be) has been sick sinse yesterday
- Lan (just buy) has just bought a new shirt.
4. The Simple Past
( Qk đơn)
S + V2/V-ed
S + did + NOT + bare-V
Did +S + bare- V?
- Yessterday, last (last week /month/ year...), ago, in + year(in 2000...)
* Diễn tả hành động xảy ra ở 1 thời gian xác định trong QK.
- She (meet) met him yesterday.
- Mr Pike (stay) stayed here last nigh
5. The Past Continuous (QKTD)
S + was/ were + V-ing
S +was/were+ not+V-ing
Was/ were + S + V-ing?
At 5 P.m/ at 5 o’clock + Thời gian trong QK, all day yesterday.
When, as, while.
* Chỉ 1 hành động đang xảy ra ở 1 thời điểm xác định trong QK
- At this time last night, she (study) was studying lessons at home.
* Chỉ 2 hành động xảy ra song song ở QK
- My mother (cook) was cooking while my father (watch) was watching TV.
* Chỉ 1 hành động đang xảy ra thì có 1 hành động khác xảy đến
-When he ( drive) was driving, he (see) saw a serious accident.
6. The S. future (TL đơn)
S + will/ shall + Vinf
S + will/shall + not +Vinf
Will/Shall + S +Vinf?
Tomorrow, next (next week/ month/ year...), someday,...
Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong tương laii.
- Tomorrow he (visit ) will visit me.
- She (stay) will stay at home next Monday.
 Give the correct form of the verbs 
 We (have) a party next Sunday. Would you like (come)?
While my sister and I (watch) a movie on TV last night, our uncle in the USA (phone).
 Please continue your work; We don’t mind (wait).
 Ha Long Bay in Viet Nam (be) a World Herritage Site. It (visit) by millions of people every year.
 I myself (witness) an accident on the Main Road yesterday. A boy (knock) down by a car. Then he (take) to the nearest hospital
Most of the Earth’s surface (cover) by water.
 The first festival (hold) nearly eight hundred years ago.
 There’s someone behind us. I think we (follow).
 An interesting book (read) by Lan at the moment.
This bike (use) for more than six years.
 Nowadays, many historical places (destroy) seriously.
 A new text book (publish) next month.
 As soon as her mother (come) home, all her friends (call) her.
 Cuckoos (not build) nests. They (use) the nests of other birds.
 I (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun is very strong.
 Yesterday, I (lie) in the beach when the phone (ring). It (stop) after a few rings.
 It (be) cold when we (leave) the house that day, and a light snow (fall).
 I (walk) along the street when I suddenly (feel) something hit me in the back. I (not know) what it was.
When I (see) the man, he (stand) outside the bank. He (have)a cap on.
 When I (open) the cupboard door, a pile of books (fall) out. 
 I can’t help (feel) anxious about her study.
 Most people prefer (ride) to (walk).
I don’t know how(cook) beef noodles.
My friends try(study) English hard.
I asked him (take) these books home.
1-Công thức:	(+) S + have/ has + V-pII.................
 	(-) S + have / has + not + V-pII...........
 	(?) Have/ Has + S + V-pII.................?
 -Yes, S + have/ has.
 -No, S + have/ hasn’t.
Notes: Have: they, we, you, 2TR
 Has : I, she, he, it, 1TR
2- Cách dung:
-Diễn tả 1 sự việc vừa mới xảy ra.
Ex: She has just arrived at the airport.
 They have begun a new English class recently.
- Diễn tả sự việc xảy ra không nhớ rõ thời gian.
Ex: I have already seen that play.
 Have you ever been to New York?
 He has not repaired his car yet?
- Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn liên quan đến hiện tại
Ex: I have lived in Lam Cot since 2004.
 I have lived in Lam Cot for 4 years.
3 – Các từ đi kèm:
Just, since, for, recently, yet, never, ever, already, before, so far, it’s the first/ second time, up to now, up to the present, till now(cho tới bây giờ), all + TTSH + life.
* Vị trí của các từ: 	- Just, never, ever, already đứng ngay sau have/ has.
	- Yet, before đứng cuối câu.
*Notes: yet: chỉ dung trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi. 
For + khoảng thời gian.
Since + mốc thời gian ở quá khứ. 
Never: mang nghĩa phủ định.
3: PHRASE OF PURPOSE and ajectives
1-ADJECTIVE FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE : It’s + adjective + to-V
- It’s dangerous to swim in that river. ( Bôi ôû con soâng ñoù thaät nguy hieåm.)
- It’s easy to learn English.	 ( Raát deã hoïc tieáng Anh. / Hoïc tieáng Anh raát deã.)
- It’s difficult to do that exercise.	 ( Laøm baøi taäp ñoù raát khoù.)
Nhöõng Adjectives thöôøng gaëp trong caáu truùc naøy laø: 
easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, important, necessary, lovely, interesting, nice, great
=> It’s + adj + to V.. = To V .. + tobe + adj = V-ing.. + tobe + adj
2- ADJECTIVE FOLLOWED BY A NOUN CLAUSE: 
Subject + Verb + adjective + noun clause
- They are delighted that you passed your exam. (Hoï raát vui khi baïn thi ñaäu.)
- He was happy that you remembered his birthday. ( OÂng aáy raát vui khi baïn nhôù sinh nhaät cuûa oâng aáy.)
- I’m sure that they will come.	 (Toâi chaéc chaén hoï seõ ñeán.)
Nhöõng Adjectives thöôøng gaëp trong caáu truùc naøy laø:
happy, delighted, sad, sure, certain, relieved, afraid, sorry
3. PHRASE OF PURPOSE
Ta coù theå duøng caáu truùc so as (not) to + Vo hoaëc in order (not) to + Vo ñeå dieãn taû 1 muïc ñích.
Ví duï: - I study hard in order to pass the exam.
- I study hard so as to pass the exam
- She opened the umbrella in order to protect herself from rain.
- She opened the umbrella so as to protect herself from rain.
4: passive voice
1-c«ng thøc tæng qu¸t:
 	 S + V + O
 S + be + pII +.... by+O
*C©u bÞ ®éng ë th× hiÖn t¹i th­êng:
 	S + V-s,es + O
 S + am/ is/ are + pII + .... by+ O
Ex: The workers make the pens.
àThe pens are made by workers.
*C©u bÞ ®éng ë th× qu¸ khø ®¬n:
 	S + V-ed + O
 S + was / were + pII + .... by+ O
EX: I visited my grandparents last week.
àMy parents were visited by me last week.
*C©u bÞ ®éng ë th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh:
 	 S + have/ has + V- pII + O
 S + have/ has + been + pII +....by+ O
Ex:They have built this house since last week.
àThis house has been built since last week (by them)
*C©u bÞ ®éng cña c¸c ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu:
 	S + modal + V + O
 S + modal + be + pII +....by+O
Ex:He can mend this bike.
àThis bike can be mended by him.
2-C¸ch chuyÓn tõ c©u chñ ®éng sang c©u bÞ ®éng:
-X¸c ®Þnh chñ ng÷, ®éng tõ, t©n ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng.
-T©n ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng chuyÓn thµnh chñ ng÷ cña c©u bÞ ®éng.
-ViÕt be ë th× cña ®éng tõ chÝnh trong c©u chñ ®éng.
-ViÕt ®éng tõ chÝnh cña c©u bÞ ®éng ë d¹ng qu¸ khø ph©n tõ.
-Chñ ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng chuyÓn thµnh t©n ng÷ cña c©u bÞ ®éng, viÕt sau ch÷ BY.
-NÕu chñ ng÷ lµ ®¹i tõ nh©n x­ng (they, he, she, we, you) hay ®¹i tõ bÊt ®Þnh (someone, everyone...) cã thÓ bá ë c©u bÞ ®éng.
-§èi víi ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu ë c©u bÞ ®éng, ta thªm BE vµo gi÷a ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu vµ ®éng tõ chÝnh (ë d¹ng qu¸ khø ph©n tõ)
5: V-ing and V-ed participles and requests
1- HiÖn t¹i ph©n tõ vµ qu¸ khø ph©n tõ: V-ing and V-ed participles:
Coù 2 loaïi Participle Phrases : Present Participle Phrases vaø Past Participle Phrases.
a. Present Participle Phrases: dieãn taû yù chuû ñoäng (Active), hoaëc “ñang laøm gì”. Thường dùng với người
- The boy standing over there is Jack.
- The boys playing in the garden are his sons.
b. Past Participle Phrases: dieãn taû yù thuï ñoäng (Passive). Thường dùng với đồ vật
The car made from recycled aluminum cans is 5 dollars.
The doll dressed in blue is Mary’s.
2-c©u yªu cÇu vµ ®Ò nghÞ:
Chuùng ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây ñeå ñöa ra 1 lôøi ñeà nghò hoaëc yeâu caàu. 
 Löu yù ñoäng töø ñöùng sau mind phaûi ôû daïng V-ing (Gerund)
C«ng thøc: Do you mind +V-ing
 Would you mind	
 - Do you mind opening the window? 	 (Phieàn baïn môû duøm cöûa soå.)
 - Would you mind opening the window? (Phieàn baïn môû duøm cöûa soå.)
* Neáu ñoàng yù, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:
No, I don’t mind.
No, of course not.
Not at all.
No problem.
* Neáu khoâng theå laøm theo yeâu caàu, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:
I’m sorry, I can’t.
I’m afraid, I can’t.
I’m sorry, that is not possible.
Neáu muoán xin pheùp cho mình laøm chuyeän gì, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:
C«ng thøc: Do you mind if I 	+ V-htđ 
 Would you mind if I	+ V-qkđ
Do you mind if I open the window?	(Toâi môû cöûa soå coù phieàn cho baïn khoâng?)
Would you mind if I opened the window? 	(Toâi môû cöûa soå coù phieàn cho baïn khoâng?)
* Neáu ñoàng yù, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:
No, I don’t mind.
No, of course not.
Not at all.
No problem.
Please do.
Please go ahead.
* Neáu khoâng ñoàng yù, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:
I’d prefer you didn’t.
I’d rather you didn’t.
6: the past continuous tense
1-Th× qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn: (past continuous)
a-C«ng thøc:
 (+)S + was/ were + V-ing
 (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing
 (?) Was/ Were + S + V-ing...?
 -Yes, S + was/ were.
 -No, S + was/ were + not.
b-C¸ch dïng:
-DiÔn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng ®ang diÔn ra t¹i 1 thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.
Ex: I was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.
-DiÔn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra th× hµnh ®éng kh¸c c¾t ngang.
Ex: When my mother came, I was watching TV.
(hµnh ®éng nµo x¶y ra tr­íc: chia ë QKTD, hµnh ®éng x¶y ra sau: chia ë QK§ vµ ®i kÌm when)
-DiÔn t¶ 2 hµnh ®éng cïng x¶y ra t¹i 1 thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.
Ex:While I was watching TV, my father was reading a newspaper.
c-C¸c tõ ®i kÌm:
At 8 o’clock last night, at this time last week/ month/ year, when + QKĐ, while.
*Mét sè ®éng tõ kh«ng chia ë th× tiÕp diÔn:
Hear, know, understand, have, love, like, want, prefer, need, wish
2-Th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn víi always: Mang ý nghÜa than phiÒn vÒ ®iÒu g×:
You are always getting up late in winter.
à Mai is always getting up late in winter.
Asks Ss if they often talk in class in order to give the complain
Encourage Ss to give the complain about their friends:
SA : You are always talking in class.
 à Minh is always talking in class.
 à S + am/ is / are + always + V ing
8: COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun V-ing / TO-INFINITIVE
1. QUESTIONS WORDS BEFORE TO-INFINITIVES: Wh-word + to-infinitive
Nhöõng ñoäng töø thöôøng duøng trong caáu truùc naøy laø: tell, show, point out, learn 
He told me what to do.
He showed us how to open the box.
He pointed out where to get tickets.
2. VERB + TO-INFINITIVE
Nhöõng ñoäng töø thöôøng duøng trong caáu truùc naøy laø:
start, begin, decide, want, try, manage, would like, agree, 
I want to buy a new shirt.
He decided to go home.
They started to run.
 COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun – V-ing
Haõy nhaän xeùt caùch thaønh laäp tónh töø keùp trong caùc ví duï sau:
- The people who love peace => The peace-loving people
- The story that breaks our heart 	=> The heart-breaking story.
Haõy nhaän xeùt caùch thaønh laäp danh töø keùp trong caùc ví duï sau:
Stamp collecting	- Window shopping
C. Exercises:
I. Rewrite these sentences, using reported speech
 1 He said, 'Get out of my way.' 	
 2 'Climb in through the window,' he ordered.
 3 'Please pay at the desk,' said the assistant.	 	
 4 'Open your bag, please,' said the store detective.
 5 'Don't worry about anything, Mrs. Pitt,' said her solicitor. 'Leave it all to me.'
 6 'Don't use bent coins in a slot machine,' I warned him.	
 7 'Follow that car,' the detective said to the taxi-driver. 
 8 'Wash it in lukewarm water,' recommended the assistant.	
II. Rewrite these sentences, using reported speech
1. My friend said, "Are you going to leave tomorrow?"
2."Have you done your homework?", said my mother.
3. I asked Bill, "What time did you go to bed last night?"
4. Paul said "I must go home now."
5."There's been an accident and the road is blocked", said the policeman.
6. "We are waiting for the school bus", said the children.
7. Mary said, "My father died a year ago".
8."Must you go now?", said Mr. Brown. 
III. Rewrite these sentences, using reported speech.
Charles said, “I’m living in London now.” 
He said to us, “You are my best friends.” ...
Johnny said to me, “I don’t know what Fred is doing.”...
She said, “I will answer the phone.” 
He said to his friends, “I must go home now.” 
Hoa said, “I can’t go out after 8 pm.” ..
She said to me, “I will come and see you as soon as I can.” ...
Susan said, “My sister is coming to see me next week.” 
Judy said, “John wants to come here but he isn’to very well.” .................
Judy said to me, “I’m going away for a few days. I’ll phone you when I get back.” .
VI/ Rewrite the following Yes/No questions in reported speech, use IF or WHETHER:
1.“Do you enjoy reading books?” Phong asked Peter.
=>Phong asked Peter.
2. “Does she like sports?”Hoa asked Lan.
=>Hoa asked ..
3. “Does Hoa play badminton?” Lan asked Thu.
=>Lan asked Thu
4. “Does your sister and brother go to the same school?”She asked Nam.
=>She asked
5. “Do the children perform on TV?” Her mother asked her teacher.
=>Her mother asked
6. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom.
=>She asked
7. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend.
=>He asked.
8. “Do you travel to school by bus?” Tam asked Peter.
=>Tam asked ..
9. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan.
=>Tuan asked..
10. “Do you need an umbrella to go out?” She asked me.
=>She asked
Change into passive form.
1. They break the glass into small pieces.	
2. They wash the glass with a detergent liquid.
3. They dry the glass pieces completely.	
4. People mix them with certain specific chemicals.
5. They melt the mixture until it becomes a liquid.	
6. John will collect me at the airport.
7. He will play football all over the world.	
8. We must pay this bill at once.
9. Lan can speak French .
10. People speak English all over the world.
 PASSIVE VOICE ( Self-training)
A group of students have met their friends at the railway station.	
They didn't allow Tom to take these books home.	
The teacher won't correct exercises tomorrow.	
How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?	
This well-known library attracts many people.	
All students attended the meeting.	
People say that he is intelligent.	
He can't repair my bike.	
Mary has operated Tom since 10 o'clock.	
This is the second time they have written to us about this.	
Mr. Smith has taught us French for 2 years.	
They didn't look after the children properly.	
Nobody swept this street last week.	
People drink a great deal of tea in England.	
People speak English all over the world.	
Một số bài tập vận dụng: 
I/ Choose the suitable words or phrases:
1. Cool the burns immediately so as to _ tissue damage. (ease / relieve / minimize / maximize)
2. The lane is __ Nguyen Trai Street and Tran Hung Dao street. (near / between / beside / on)
3. __ you post this letter for me, please? ( Will / Do / Are / Won’t)
4. People use the first aid __ ease the victim’s pain and anxiety.( so that/ in order to /so as not to/ in order that)
5. __ is used to check one’s eyesight. ( Eye-shade / Eyeglass / Eyepiece / Eye chart)
6. Milk __ to the houses by the milkman very day. (brings / is bring / is brought / has brought)
7. We were delighted__ your letter last week. ( getting / to get / get / got)
8. Milk bottles can be __ after being clean. ( recycled / thrown away / broken / reused)
9. This project __ next month. ( is carried out / will carry out / carries out / will be carry out)
10. It’s dangerous __ in this river. ( swim / to swim / swimming / swam)
11. we are looking forward to __ you in June. ( seeing / see / saw / be seen)
12. I’m looking forward __ seeing you in June. 	(in / with / to / on)
13. Could I help you __ your luggage. 	(with / of / on / to)
14. Would you mind sitting __ the front seat the taxi? 	(on / at / during / in)
15. Ha Long Bay is recognized __ UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. ( of / by / to / for)
16. John is interested __ the history of Viet Nam. 	( in / with / to / on)
17. She is thinking __ importing flowers from Viet Nam. 	( on / around / to / off)
18. I can see a boy __ a water buffalo. 	( ride / riding / to ride / rode)
19. It’s __ to travel around Viet Nam. 	( interested / interesting / interestedly / interestingly)
20. Would you mind __ the window? 	( to close / closing / closed / close)
21. This is the first time Shannon __ rice paddies. 	( is seeing / saw / see / has seen)
22. I promised __ late. 	( not being / not to be / to not be / not be)
23. She asked me __ a driving licence. 	(if I have/ whether I have / if I had / whether I have had )
24. The pyramid of Cheops is one of the seven __ of the world. ( Pyramid / temples / landmarks / wonders )
25. The only surviving wonder on Antipater’s list is __ ( The great Wall of China / The statue of Zues / The Pyramid of Cheops / Angkor Wat)
26. Angkor Wat was originally built for __. ( Hindus / Buddhists/ kings/ the citizens of Phnom Penh )
*/ Choose the suitable words or phrases:
1. My students (Wear/earing/to wear/are wearing) uniform on Sunday.
2. We(have know/have knew/knew/have known)each other for two years.
3.Listen! The birds (sing/	are sing/are singing/singing).
4.My father(Take/takes/is taking/has taken)me to the park once a week.
5.The children(Playing/are playing/to play/is playing)football in the school yard at the moment.
6.Lan is in her room now. She(writes/is writing/is writing/is writes)a letter.
7.Jack(looked/looks/has looked	/was looking)no trouble with his English lesson up to now.
8.At present,that author(are writing/is writing/ is writing/is writes)a historical novel.
9.Yes,I(am remembering/remember/remembered/remembers)that other fellow’s name now.
10.Robber (has waited/waits/is waiting/have waited)for you since noon.
11.I hope that you( attend/will attend/attended/attends)our wedding.
12.I’m going to bed. I (Worked/have worked/works/am working)for hours and I’m tired.
13.The bees (won’t/hasn’t/didn’t/ haven’t)come out of the hive since six o’clock
14.When I see Barbara in the street, she always(smiled/has smiled/was smiling smiles)at me.
15 “You are late”, he said “I think the bus(Went/was going/ has gone/goes)already”
16.She often(Wishes/wished/wish/wishing)that she could ride a bicycle.
17.Melee(Studies/is studying/are studying/has studies)at Train Odom at present.
18.He( was waiting/waited/has waited/waits)for the money since last Friday.
19.“Don’t cook a meal for me”, He said” I’ve already Eaten/eat/eating/been eating”
20.He’s been in Bangkok for two weeks/since two weeks/in two weeks/two weeks ago.
21.He (Talks/has talked/talking/talked)to his wife an hour ago.
22.Harry is working at a bank(at the moment/since last year/a year ago/for a year)
23.After having lunch he(Goes/ has gone/went/going)to his room to have a short rest yesterday.
II/ Circle a mistake and correct: 
1. I are going to spend my vacation in Da Lat next week. 
2. Do you mind take the book back to the library for me?
3. My sister is studying very hard in order getting scholarship at university.
4. If the victim gets socked, don’t give him many food and drink.
5. They dicided padling around the lake in a canoe.
6. Would you mind to give me some advice about buying a computer?
7. We can reused things like envelopes, glass, plastic bottles and old plastic bags
8. Shall I to come and pick you up at 7 o’clock.
9. I was watching TV then the telephone rang and somebody knocked on the door.
10. I am interesting in the rice – cooking contest you organized yesterday.
11. Some oranges have been buyed and put on the table.
12. Thanks for invite me to the water – fetching contest of your school.
13. She asked to me what I wanted her to do while she was out. 
14. The grand prize is gave to the team with the most points.
15. What about go to the cinema to night and having dinner after that?
16. Mom said that life is more difficult when she was a young. 
17. Have you done your homework the teacher gives yesterday yet?
18. As students we ought follow our parents’ and teachers’ advice.
19. Would you mind if I take a photo of you and your family?
20. We are going to held a summer camp this July.
III/ Pick out the words that has the underlined letters pronounced differently from the others:
 	 A	 B 	 C 	 D 
1. 	arrived 	sight 	island	 prison
2. 	who 	what 	where 	 which
3. 	head 	beach 	 weather	 heavy
4. 	why 	try 	dry 	gym
5. 	mind	window	find	tidy
6. 	small	tall	plane	hall
7. 	bread 	meat	team	please
8. 	environment	birthday	white 	stripe
9. 	copy	novel	pop	come
10. 	wanted	needed	attended	worked
11. 	bank	station	 lazy	vacation
12.	stopped	watched	learned	looked
13. 	repair 	 relax	energetic	enjoy
14. 	thin 	then 	they	there
15. 	school	 teacher	children	chicken
16. 	compile	snorkel	memorize	compete
17. 	heritage	ranger	jungle	pomegranate
18. 	require	install	 fix	restrict
19.	connect	fetch	recognize	concern
20.	gallery	valley	contact	 wharf
IV / Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
Clement Clarke Moore wrote the poem in 1823. 
The poem 
Christmas cards should be sent a week before Christmas Day. 
You ...
“We are waiting for the school bus.”, said the children. 
The children said .
Nobody h