Tổng hợp lý thuyết và bài tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 9 năm học 2016-2017

PASSIVE VOICE
A: Lesson 
Active voice: là cách đặt câu trong đó S giữ vai trò chủ động/ chủ thể( essential part) hay S là người hay vật thực hiện hành động :
Eg : The workers built this house/ She bought a book. 
Passive voice: là cách đặt câu trong đó S đứng vai trò bị động và O giữ vai trò chủ động hay S nhận hành động do một chủ thể khác thực hiện.
Eg: This house was built by the workers. / A book was bought by her. 
Bị động là hình thức nhấn mạnh vào chủ thể chịu tác động của hành động và chính hành động đó:
Bao gồm: + Chủ thể tạo tác động của hành động
 + Hành động ( Không quan tâm tới chủ thể thực hiện hành động )
I. Form:
 	Active: S + V + O + . 
 	Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + 
 Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
 S V O
 Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
 S be V3/ed by O
II. CÁCH ĐỔI ACTIVE VOICE SANG PASSIVE VOICE:
Ex: Active sentence: Peter took this book yesterday
 Passive sentence: This book was taken by Peter yesterday
Trong câu chủ động:
 - Peter → Subj ; took → động từ chính (Past simple) 
 - this book → Obj; yesterday → trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Trong câu bi động:
- Obj ( this book) → Subj ; Subj ( Peter) →by Obj
- took (động từ chính) → taken (V3 / VoED - Past participle)
	- thêm was vì động từ chính (took) đang chia thì Past simple 
A. Tổng quát: 	
A. Tổng quát: active sentence: Subject + V + Obj
Passive sentence: Subject + BE + V3 / VED (động từ chính) + by Obj
1- Chuyển: Obj ---> Subj; Subj ----> by Obj (Có thể bỏ nếu by Obj không cần thiết)
2-Thêm BE và chia thì tương ứng với thì câu chủ động. 
Nghĩa là: Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì “ To Be” phải chia ở thì đó). Như vậy: trong câu bị động “ To Be” có vai trò chia thì, Động từ chính có chức năng như một tính từ mang nghĩa bị động (không chia thì)
3- Chuyển động từ chính sang ---> V3 hoặc Vo ED. 
 Một số công thức bị động cụ thể của các thì:
1. Present simple tense: S + is/ am/ are+ PII + by O
Eg: I drink coffee everyday -> coffee is drunk everyday.
2. Present continuous tense: S + is/ am/ are+ being+ PII + by O
Eg: Lan is listening to music at the moment -> Music is being listened to by Lan at the moment.
3. Present perfect tense: S + have/ has+ been + PII + by O
Eg: We have hired this car since yesterday -> This car has been hired since yesterday.
4. Past simple tense: S + was/ were + PII + O
Eg: They stole a lot of money in that bank two years ago. -> A lot of money were stolen in that bank two years ago.
5. Past continuous tense: S + was/ were + being+ PII + O
Eg: Ann was writing a letter yesterday morning. -> A letter was written by Ann yesterday morning.
Past perfect tense: S + had + been + PII + O
Eg: I had had dinner before I did my home work yesterday. -> Dinner had been had before my homework was done yesterday.
Simple future tense: S + will/ shall+ be +PII +O
Eg: My father will paint our house white tomorrow. -> Our house will be painted white by my father tomorrow.
Near future tense: S + is/ are/ am+ going to+ be +PII +O
Eg: Ann is going to work this tree. -> This tree is going to be worked by Ann.
 Future perfect tense: S + will/ shall+ have been +PII +O
Eg: They will have sold their car by next Christmas. -> Their car will have been sold by them next Christmas. 
Infinitive: S+ (to) + be+ PII + O 
Eg: I have to finish my homework now. -> My homework has to be finished now.
Gerund : being + PII+ O
Eg: I remember my mother taking me to the cinema when I was I child. -> I remember being taken to the cinema by my mother when I was a child.
Modal V: modal V + Be + PII + O
Eg: You should type this term paper. -> This term paper should be type.
Modal V+ perfect: modal V + have Been + PII + O
Eg: Somebody should have called the president this morning. -> The president should have been called this morning. 
* Notes:
- Ta dùng V nguyên thể trong bị động : Be+PII để chỉ 1 ý định hay sự bắt buộc hay sự không thể đc.
Eg: This exercise is to be done 
 This matter is to be discussed soon.
Sau những V: to have, to order, to get, to cause hay 1 V chỉ về giác quan hoặc cảm tính ta dùng PII bao hàm nghĩa như bị động:
Eg: We had your photo taken.
 We heard the song sung
 We got tired after having walked for long.
B. Cụ thể như sau:
1. Xác định Subj, Obj, Verb của câu chủ động (trong động từ phải xác định cho được thì và động từ chính của câu chủ động)
2. Chuyển: Obj ---> Subj; Subj ----> by Obj (Có thể bỏ by him/them/me/you/people/ someone : nếu không cần thiết).
 - Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là danh từ chỉ vật liệu, dụng cụ ---> câu bị động thay by bằng with + Obj.
 Ex: Moss is covering this wall. ---> This wall is being covered with moss.
 - Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là: nothing, no one, nobody ---> câu bị động bỏ by Obj và ở thể phủ định.
 	 Ex: No one helps me ---> I am not helped.
3. Chuyển động từ chính sang ---> V3 hoặc Vo ED. 
 (Động từ chính có chức năng như một tính từ mang nghĩa bị động-không chia thì)
4. Thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì của câu chủ động (Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì To be phải chia ở thì đó )
5. Giữ lại động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verb) trong câu bị động nếu có.
Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to, ...
 Active: 	S+ will/would, shall/ should...+ Vo + object 
 →Passive: S + will/would, shall/should... + be + V3 / Vo ED (+ by object).
Ex: Police will destroy these drugs. → These drugs will be destroyed by police.
6. Đặt trạng từ chỉ thể cách (adj + ly) trước Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có. 
Ex: People use English widely → English is widely used 
7. Giữ nguyên giới từ sau Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có.
8. Đặt trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn trước BY, trạng từ chỉ thời gian sau BY nếu có. Place + by Obj + Time 
Ex: Mr Pike built this school in my village last year.
 → This school was built in my village by Mr Pike last year
9. Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) as an Adjective, do đó động từ theo sau hầu hết là To infinitive.
	Ex: She makes me cry. → I am made to cry. 
III. NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP PASSIVE VOICE ĐẶC BIỆT:
1-Causative form (thể truyền khuyến): 
 a/ Active voice: -S + Have + Obj(chỉ người) + Vo. 
 	 Ex: I have him repair my bicycle.
 -S + Get + Obj (chỉ người) + to infi. 
 	 Ex: I get him to repair my bicycle.
 b/ Passive voice: -S + Have/Get + Obj (chỉ vật) + V3 / Vo ED. 
Ex: I have/get my bicycle repaired by him.
2. Sau những động từ chỉ ý kiến (verb of opinion): say, think , believe, report, rumour, know, consider, claim...
 Active: S1+ verb1 ( say/ believe/ think....) (that) +S2+ verb2... 
 Passive: 
Cách 1: It + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + S2 + verb 2 ....
Cách 2: S2 + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + to-infinitive (verb 2) /
 + to have + V3 / Vo ED (verb 2) nếu V1 khác thì V2
Ex:      People say that he was crazy. 
→ Cách 1: It is said that he was crazy. Or 
→ Cách 2: He is said to have been crazy. ( to have been vì say và was khác thì).
 Ex: People say that money brings happiness. 
→ Cách 1: It is said that money brings happiness. 
→ Cách 2: Money is said to bring happiness.( Dùng to bring vì say và bring cùng thì) 
3. Sau những động từ chỉ giác quan(verb of perception): see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice, make, help, bid.
Ex: I hear him come in ---> He is heard to come in (nếu câu chủ động là coming thì giữ nguyên trong câu bị động).
4. Imperative(câu mệnh lệnh): 
 Ex: a. Open the door ---> Let the door be opened. 
 b. They let him go out ---> He was allowed to go out / He was let to go out. 
5. Sau những động từ: like, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, hope.
Ex: He wants KHA to take photographs→ He wants photographs to be taken by KHA. 
Ex: He does not like people laughing at him. --> He does not like being laughed at.
6. Các động từ: advise, agree, insist, arrange, suggest, propose, recommend, determine, decide, demand, beg, urge, order, request. 
Ex: He advised me to accept this job
→ Cách 1: He advised me this job should be accepted.
→ Cách 2: I was advised to accept this job.
7- Need + to be + V3 / Vo ED = Need + Voing 
Ex: Your shirt needs to be ironed / Your shirt needs ironing.
8- It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth 
Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + V3 / Vo ED
 Ex: 	- It is important to finish this exercise. 
 =>It is important for this exercise to be finished
 	- It is necessary to copy this lesson 
 => It is necessary for this lesson to be copied.
 	- It is time to feed the chicken => It is time for the chicken to be fed. 
9- Các trường hợp khác: 
Ex Please enter this way. ---> You are requested to enter this way.
Dưới đây là vài ví dụ về cách thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì của câu chủ động
a.The simple present: S + Vo/Ve/es → S + am/is/are/ +V3 / Vo ED...
Ex: She cleans the floor everyday. → Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday.
b.The present continuous: 	S + am/ is/ are + Vo + ing 
 → S + am/ is/ are + being + V3 / Vo ED...
Ex: Mr.Baker is repairing the car →Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker. 
c.The present perfect: S+ has/have + V3 / Vo ED 
 → S+ has/have + been + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: Someone has stolen  the bicycles → Passive: The bicycles have been stolen 
d.The simple past: S + Vo ED/ V2 → S + was/ were + V3 / Vo ED.
Ex: Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed) 
 →Passive: Where were the drugs found ? 
e.The past continuous: (S + was/ were + V-ing .... ) 
 	 → S + was / were + being + V3 / Vo ED
  Ex: They were preparing lunch when I came there yesterday 
 → Lunch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.
f.  The past perfect: S+ had + V3 / Vo ED → S+ had been + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm. 
→ Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m 
g-  Who + V + object ...... ? Passive: - By whom..... ? -  Who...... by  ?
Ex:           Who wrote this novel ? 
→ Passive: - By whom was this novel written ? 
 	hoặc: Who was this novel written by
B:Exercise 
Exercise 1: Passive and Active voice:
People drink a great deal of tea in England.
Tom was writing two poems.
She often takes her dog for a walk.
People speak English all over the world.
A group of students have met their friends at the railway station.
They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.
The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow.
How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?
This well-known library attracts many people.
My mother used to make us clean the house.
He likes people to call him “Sir”.
They are going to have someone repair their car 
People say that he is intelligent.
He can’t repair my bike.
Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock.
Mr. Smith has taught us French for 2 years.
They didn’t look after the children properly.
Nobody swept this street last week.
How many lessons are you going to learn next month?
You need to do this work.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences in the passive:
They will construct some new airports on islands.
The new president might fulfill this promise as quickly as people would like.
They are going to find out the mystery.
You can buy videos like this one anywhere.
Someone will tell you when you go in to see the doctor.
They should have finished the hotel by the time you arrive.
Someone has to write the history of the European Community one day.
When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?
Where will your company send you next year?
They ought to have reported the accident to the police.
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the given words, active or passive:
Chris has good news. The engineering firm where she had an interview yesterday (may + offer) .. her a job soon.
Good news! I (may + offer) .. a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday.
You (should + open) .. the wine about three hours before you use it.
You (mustn’t + move) ..this man; he is too ill. He (will + have to + leave) .. here.
You (must + take) ..those books back to the library yesterday.
We tried, but the window (couldn’t + open)  
You (must + keep) .. meat in a refrigerator or it will spoil.
I (had better + wash) .. my clothes today, or they will be very smelly.
Someone (should + tell) .. James the news immediately.
This application (be supposed to + send) .. to the personnel department soon.
Exercise 4: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.
I shouldn’t . so much coffee last night. I was wide awake till four in the morning.
A. drink	B. drank	C. be drunk	D. have drunk 
2. The profits are supposed . among the shareholders.
A. to divide	B. to be divided	C. dividing	D. being divided
3. When you are on duty, your uniform must . at all times. 
A. wear	B. be wear	C. be worn	D. be wearing
4. You promised her a letter; you ought to . days ago.
A. write	B. be writing	C. have written	D. be written
5. After the test papers . to the students in class tomorrow, the students . their next assignment.
A. will return – will be given	B. will be returned – are given
C. are returning – are giving	D. are returned – will be given
6. The class for next semester is too large. It ought to . in half.
A. be divided 	B. divide	C. have divided	D. have been divided
7. The entire valley can . from their mountain home.
A. see	B. be seen 	C. being seen	D. sees	
8. He is wearing a gold ring on his fourth finger. He must.
A. have been married B. be married	C. marry	D. have married
9. 	A child should . everything he or she wants.
A. gives	B. give	C. have been given	D. be given
10. Your daughter has a good voice. Her interest in singing . encouraged.
A. should be	B should	C. be	D. have
11. I found this book on my desk when I came to class. It must . by one of the students in earlier class.
A. be left	B. have been left	C. leave	D. have left
12. You had better .your chores before Mom gets home.
A. be finished	B. have finished	C. have been finished	D. finish
13. These books will have to . to the library tomorrow.
A. return	B. have returned	C. being returned	D. be returned
14. Ann’s birthday was on the 5th, and now it’s already the 8th. Her birthday card . a week ago.
A. will be sent	B. can be sent	
C. should have been sent	D. should have sent
15. You . me to Dr. Gray. We’ve already met.
A. don’t have to introduce 	B mustn’t be introduced	
C. shouldn’t introduce	 D. mustn’t introduce
16. Bill .Ann to the party tomorrow.
A. will be invited	B. will invite
C. will have invited	D. will have been invited.
17. A new hospital .in this area.
A. are going to be built	B. builds	C. is going to be built D. is going to build
18. Mike . What’s going on in his English class.
A. can’t understand	B. can’t be understood	
C. could have understood	D. could have been understood
19. Our test papers .by our teachers now.
A. are marking	B. are being marked	C. will mark	 D. will be marked	
20. .the birds in your garden at three o’clock yesterday afternoon?
A. Did you feed	 B. Were you fed	C. Were you being fed D. Were you feeding
Exercise 5: Multiple choices
1. Many U.S. automobiles --------------- in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture 	B. have manufactured	
C. are manufactured	D. are manufacturing
2. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle ----------- last night.
A. was stolen	B. was stealing	
C. stolen	D. stole 
3. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ------------ by waiting.
A. will be accomplished 	B. accomplished	
C. has accomplished	 	 D. accomplishes
4.” When ----------? “ - In 1928
A. penicillin was discovered 	B. did penicillin discovered
C. was penicillin discovered	D. did penicillin discover 
5. The rescuers ---------- for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers.
A. were praised	B. praised	
C. were praising	D. praising
6. Vitamin C ---------- by the human body. It gets into the bloods stream quickly.
A. absorbs easily 	B. is easily absorbing	
C. is easily absorbed	D. absorbed easily
7. Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters. His paintings ---------- masterpieces all over the world.
A. had considered	B. are considering	
C. are considered	D. consider
8. We can’t go along here because the road is ---------------.
A. been repaired	B. being repaired	
C. repaired	D. repairing
9. More than 50 films --------------- in HCMC since June.
A. were shown	B. had been shown	
C. have been shown	D. have shown
10. George is --------------- Lisa.
A. marry with	B. marry to	
C. married with	D. married to 
11.	Somebody cleans the room every day.
	a. The room every day is cleaned 
	b. The room is every day cleaned
	c. The room is cleaned every day 
	d. The room is cleaned by somebody every day
12.	They cancelled all flights because of fog.
	a. All flights because of fog were cancelled.
	b. All flights were cancelled because of fog.
	c. All flights were because of fog cancelled
	d. All flights were cancelled by them because of fog
13.	People don't use this road very often.
	a. This road is not used very often	b. Not very often this road is not used
	c. This road very often is not used	d. This road not very often is used
14.	Somebody accused me of stealing money.
	a. I was accused by somebody of stealing money.
	b. I was accused of stealing money
	c. I was accused of stealing money by somebody
	d. I was accused stealing money.
15.	How do people learn languages?
	a. How are languages learned?	b. How are languages learned by people?
	c. How languages are learned?	d. Languages are learned how?
16.	People warned us not to go out alone.
	a. We were warned not going out alone
	b. We were warned not to go out alone by people.
	c. We weren't warned to go out alone.
	d. We were warned not to go out alone.
17.	Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
	a. The computer is being used at the moment.
	b. The computer at the moment is being used.
	c. The computer is being used by somebody at the moment.
	d. The computer is used at the moment.
18.	I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation.
a. I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded.
b. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded.
c. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone.
d. Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded.
19.	We found that they had cancelled the game.
a. We found that the fame had been cancelled.
b. The game had been cancelled.
c. We found that the game had been cancelled by them.
d. The game were found to be cancelled.
20.	They are building a new highway around the city.
a. A new highway is being built around the city.
b. A new highway is being built around the city by them
c. A new highway around the city is being built.
d. Around the city a new highway is being built.
Exercise 6: CHANGE THE ACTIVE INTO THE PASSIVE
John collects money.
Anna opens the window.
We do our homework. 
I ask a question. 
He cuts out the picture.
The sheep eat a lot of grass
We do not clean our rooms. 
William does not repair the car.
Does Sue draw this circle? 
Do you feed the dog? 
John collected money. 
Anna opened the window.
We did our homework.
I asked a question.
He cut out the picture. 
The sheep ate a lot of grass
We did not clean our rooms.
William did not repair the car
Did Sue draw this circle? 
Did you feed the dog? 
John has collected money.
Anna has opened the window.
We have done our homework. 
I have asked a question. 
He has cut out the picture. 
The sheep have eaten a lot of grass
We have not cleaned our rooms.
William has not repaired the car.
Has Sue drawn this circle? 
Have you fed the dog yet?
The teacher tells a story.
The teacher told a story
The teacher has told a story
Somebody has taken my books away.
Somebody takes my books away.
Somebody took my books away.
They clean the wall before they paint it.
They cleaned the wall before they painted it.
Mr. Cole visited John at the weekend.
Mr. Cole usually visits John at the weekend.
People are killing wild animals for food
The author has written a special edition for children
I have received 20 cards so far
My farther has just cleaned this motorbike
I have never eaten that cake before
We have just finished the report
She hasn't answered my letter yet
Someone has wound the clock
A dog has just bitten me
People believed that he can speak English
Someone thinks that Lan will return tomorrow
Have you ever watched that fỉlm
She hasn't seen that man yet
One of the parents is taping the children's song
Is a student pilot flying that airplane?
Noone has talked for me that work 
Someone has already told him to report to the hedmaster tomorrow
They can think that it will rain tomorrow
People think that Lan is living near here
they think that she is hiding in the forest
People drink a great deal of tea in England.
Someone has locked this door.
Look ! Helen is carrying a basket of pears.
This team will win the prize by any means.
When she had taken off her coat , she hung it up.
The hot sun dried up the pools .
You may hand in the answers now.
By the end of the day the party will have set up the big tent.
People have laughed at the joke for many years.
They heard him make an interesting remark .
I can assure you will arrange everything in time .
Why don’t you have an optician test your eyes ?
Have you counted the money ?
Last night the visitors ate all the cakes.
They have brought most of these thongs from London. 
Tom and Bill are painting the fence over there. .
You must finish your homework before 9 o’clock.
No one helped her to solve that problem .
Jane doesn’t drink tea very often.
Someone had asked me to give a talk about my country.
David’s going to be given a big surprise. 
Considerable damage has been caused by the fire.
Why was the house built so close to the road?
The old theatre is being pulled down .
People speak English all over the world.
I haven’t seen him for 3 month.
Who wrote this article ?
Nobody has used this bicycle for many years .
You have to give the book back .
Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
Farmers cut rice during the harvest.
You must give more care to your work .
I have seen that play three times.
No one like reading that book .
They are setting up a new theatre.
The smell of fresh paint greeted hundreds of pupils.
They have just seen the new teachers in the school yard.
He doesn’t admire this actor.
Did the cartoon attract the children ?
100)They were selling tickets when the match started.