Tài liệu và bài tập ứng dụng một số cấu trúc trong Tiếng Anh Lớp 7

Cấu trúc viết lại câu trong tiếng anh
1. S + be + adj + prep = S + V + adv
2. S + V + adv = S + V + with + N
3. S + remember + to do Sth = S + don’t forget + to do Sth
4. S + be + adj = What + a + adj + N!
5. S + V + adv = How + adj + S + be
6. S + V + adv = How + adv + S + V!
7. S + be + ing-adj = S + be +ed-adj
8. S + V = S + be + ed-adj
9. S + V + Khoảng thời gian = It + take + (sb) + Khoảng thời gian + to + V
10. S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + so + adj + that + S + can’t + V
11. S + V + too + adv + to + V = S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t + V
12. S + be + so + adj + that + S + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V
13. S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V
14. S + V + so + adv + that + S + V = S + do/does/did + not + V + adv + enough + to + V
15. Because + clause = Because of + noun/gerund
16. Although + clause = In spite of + Nound/gerund
17. Although + clause = Despite + Nound/gerund
18. S + V + N = S + be + adj
19. S + be + adj = S + V + O
20. S + be accustomed to + Ving = S + be used to +Ving /N
21. S + often + V = S + be used to +Ving /N
22. This is the first time + S + have + PII = S+be + not used to + Ving/N
23. S + would prefer = S + would rather S + Past subjunctive (lối cầu khẩn)
24. S + like  better than  = S + would  than 
25. S + prefer = S + would rather + V
26. S + V + O = S + find + it (unreal objective) + adj + to + V
27. It’s one’s duty to do sth = S + be + supposed to do sth
28. S + be + PII + to + V = S + be + supposed to do sth
29. Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + be + PII
30. Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + do sth
Phương pháp : sưu tập và làm càng nhiều mẫu câu càng tốt, sau đó đọc đi đọc lại nhiều lần cho thuộc lòng
Một số dạng bài cơ bản
1.It takes sb khoảng thời gian to do sth
= sb spend khoảng thời gian doing sth
VD: it took her 3 hours to get to the city centre.
= she spent 3 hours getting to the city centre.
2. Understand = tobe aware of
VD: do you understand the grammar structure?
= are you aware of the grammar structure?
3. Like = tobe interested in = enjoy = keen on
VD: she likes politics = she is interested in politics
4.Because + clause = because of + N
VD: he can’t move because his leg was broken
= he can’t move because of his broken leg
Một số dạng bài cơ bản
5. Although + clause = despite + N = in spite of + N
VD: although she is old, she can compute very fast
= Despite / In spite of her old age, she can compute very fast
6.Succeed in doing sth = manage to do sth
VD: we succeeded in digging the Panama cannel
= we managed to dig the Panama cannel
Các mẫu câu thường gặp
7. Cấu trúc : ..too + adj (for sb) to do sth : quá để làm gì
VD: my father is too old to drive
so + adj + that Clause = it is such a/ an N that: quá đến nỗi mà
VD: she is so beautiful that everybody loves her.
= it is such a beautiful girl that everybody loves her.
Adj/ Adv + enough (for sb) to do sth: đủ để làm gì
VD: This car is enough safe for him to drive
VD: The policeman ran quickly enough to catch the robber
Một số dạng bài cơ bản
8.Cấu trúc : prefer sb to do sth = would rather sb Vpast sth: thích, muốn ai làm gì
VD: I’prefer you (not) to smoke here 
I’d rather you (not) smoked here
9.Prefer doing sth to doing sth : thích làm gì hơn làm gì
Would rather do sth than do sth
VD: She prefers staying at home to going out
She’d rather stay at home than go out
10. Can = tobe able to = tobe possible 
VD: he can’t walk on his foot
He isn’t able to walk on his foot
He is unable to walk on his foot
He is impossible to walk on his foot
11. Harly + had +S + Vpp when S + Vpast: ngay sau khi ..thi
No sooner + had +S + Vpp than S + Vpast
VD: As soon as I left the house, he appeared
Harly had I left the house when he appeared
No sooner had I left the house than he appeared
12.Not..any more : không còn nữa
No longer + dạng đảo ngữ 
S no more V
VD: I don’t live in the courtryside anymore
No longer do I live in the coutryside
I no more live in the coutryside
13. At no time + dạng đảo ngữ : không khi nào, chẳng khi nào
VD: I don’t think she loves me
At no time do I think she loves me
14. Tobe not worth = there is no point in doing sth : không đáng làm gì
Các dạng thường gặp
14. Tobe not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth : không đáng, vô ích làm gì
VD:It’s not worth making him get up early
There is no point in making him getting early
15. It seems that = it appears that = it is likely that =it look as if/ as though: dường như rằng
VD: It seems that he will come late
= it appears that / it is likely he will come late
= he is likely to come late.
= it look as if he will come late
Các dạng câu thường gặp
16. Notuntil ..: không cho tới khi
> Not until . Dạng đảo ngữ : không cho tới khi
> Only when..dạng đảo ngữ : chỉ khi
VD: He doesn’t believe the truth until he opens the letter
Not until he opens the letter does he believe the truth
Only when he opens the letter does he believe the truth
17. Need to V = tobe necessary (for sb) to V
VD: you don’t need to send her message
It’s not necessary for you to send her message
1.At no time / never + Vaux (Trợ từ) + S + V : Không bao giờ
The result of the match was never in doubt
=> At no time/never was the result of the match in doubt
2.On no account + Vaux + S V : Không vì bất cứ lí do nào
U Should never be late for the exam
=> On no account should U be late for the Exam.
3. In/Under no circumstances + Vaux + S V : Dù trong bất kì tình huống/hoàn cảnh nào
I'll never betray my own country
=> In/Under no circumstances will I betray my own country
4.Only by Doing + Vaux + S V :Chỉ bằng cách làm gì
We must take a taxi or will be late
=> Only by taking a taxi will we get there on time.
5. Only After + N + Vaux + S V : Chỉ sau khi làm gì
U Will be able to get a job only after U have Graduated
=> Only after Your Graduation will U be able to get a Job
6.Only When + S V, Vaux + S V : Chỉ khi làm gì
I didn't know she had been well-known until her friends told me.
=> Only when her friends told me did I know she had been well-known.
7.Only With + N + Vaux+ S V : Chỉ với cái gì
He couldn't have bought the car if the bank hadn't lent him the money.
=> Only with the bank's loan could he buy the car.
8.Not until S V , Vaux + S V : Cho đến khi
They couldn't go on working until the rain stopped
=>Not until the rain stopped could they go on working
9. Not until + N + Vaux+ S V : Mãi đến khi
Man didn't fly into space until the early 1960s
=> Not until the early 1960s đi man fly into space.
10.Seldom/Hardly/Scarcely/Barely + Vaux + S V : hiếm khi mà
She seldom misses a lecture
=> Seldom does she miss a lecture
11.So adj/adv + Vaux + S V That S V : Đến nỗi mà
Almost of everyone in the party starred at a beautiful girl.
=> So beautiful does a girl that almost of everyone in the party starred at.
12. Adv of Place + V + S : Đảo ngữ nhấn mạnh địa điểm
The books lay on the table
=> On the table lay the books
13.No sooner had + S done - than S did : Vừa mới...thì đã...
Nosooner had we come home than it rained
14. Hardly had + S Done when S did :
Hardly had we come home when it rained
những cấu trúc tiếng anh thông dụng đây:
• S + V+ too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something(quá....để cho ai làm gì...)
e.g.1 This structure is too easy for you to remember.
e.g.2: He ran too fast for me to follow.
• S + V + so + adj/ adv + that +S + V (quá... đến nỗi mà...)
e.g.1: This box is so heavy that I cannot take it.
e.g2: He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything.
• It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V(quá... đến nỗi mà...)
e.g.1: It is such a heavy box that I cannot take it. 
e.g.2: It is such interesting books that I cannot ignore them at all.
• S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something. (Đủ... cho ai đó làm gì...)
e.g.1: She is old enough to get married. 
e.g.2: They are intelligent enough for me to teach them English.
• Have/ get + something + done (VpII)(nhờ ai hoặc thuê ai làm gì...)
e.g.1: I had my hair cut yesterday. 
e.g.2: I’d like to have my shoes repaired.
• It + be + time + S + V (-ed, cột 2) / It’s +time +for someone +to do something(đã đến lúc ai đóphải làm gì...)
e.g.1: It is time you had a shower. 
e.g.2: It’s time for me to ask all of you for this question.
• It + takes/took+ someone + amount of time + to do something(làm gì... mất bao nhiêu thờigian...)
e.g.1: It takes me 5 minutes to get to school. 
e.g.2: It took him 10 minutes to do this exercise yesterday.
• To prevent/stop + someone/something + From + V-ing(ngăn cản ai/cái gì... không làm gì..)
e.g.1: I can’t prevent him from smoking
e.g.2: I can’t stop her from tearing
• S + find+ it+ adj to do something(thấy ... để làm gì...)
e.g.1: I find it very difficult to learn about English. 
e.g.2: They found it easy to overcome that problem.
• To prefer + Noun/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing.(Thích cái gì/làm gì hơn cái gì/ làm gì)
e.g.1: I prefer dog to cat. 
e.g.2: I prefer reading books to watching TV.
• Would rather + V* (infinitive) + than + V (infinitive)(thích làm gì hơn làm gì)
e.g.1: She would rather play games than read books.
e.g.2: I’d rather learn English than learn Biology.
• To be/get Used to + V-ing(quen làm gì)
e.g.1: I am used to eating with chopsticks.
• Used to + V (infinitive)(Thường làm gì trong qk và bây giờ không làm nữa)
e.g.1: I used to go fishing with my friend when I was young.
e.g.2: She used to smoke 10 cigarettes a day.
• to be amazed at = to be surprised at + N/V-ing( ngạc nhiên về....)
• to be angry at + N/V-ing(tức giận về)
• to be good at/ bad at + N/ V-ing(giỏi về.../ kém về...)
• by chance = by accident (adv)(tình cờ)
• to be/get tired of + N/V-ing(mệt mỏi về...)
• can’t stand/ help/ bear/ resist + V-ing(không nhịn được làm gì...)
• to be keen on/ to be fond of + N/V-ing(thích làm gì đó...)
• to be interested in + N/V-ing(quan tâm đến...)
• to waste + time/ money + V-ing(tốn tiền hoặc tg làm gì)
• To spend + amount of time/ money + V-ing(dành bao nhiêu thời gian làm gì)
• To spend + amount of time/ money + on + something(dành thời gian vào việc gì...)
e.g.1: I spend 2 hours reading books a day. 
e.g.2: She spent all of her money on clothes.
• to give up + V-ing/ N(từ bỏ làm gì/ cái gì...)
• would like/ want/wish + to do something(thích làm gì...)
• have + (something) to + Verb(có cái gì đó để làm)
• It + be + something/ someone + that/ who(chính...mà...)
• Had better + V(infinitive)(nên làm gì....)
• hate/ like/ dislike/ enjoy/ avoid/ finish/ mind/ postpone/ practise/ consider/ delay/ deny/ suggest/ risk/ keep/ imagine/ fancy + V-ing,
e.g.1: I always practise speaking English everyday.
• It’s + adj + to + V-infinitive(quá gì ..để làm gì)
• Take place = happen = occur(xảy ra)
• to be excited about(thích thú)
• to be bored with/ fed up with(chán cái gì/làm gì)
• There is + N-số ít, there are + N-số nhiều(có cái gì...)
• feel like + V-ing(cảm thấy thích làm gì...)
• expect someone to do something(mong đợi ai làm gì...)
• advise someone to do something(khuyên ai làm gì...)
• go + V-ing(chỉ các trỏ tiêu khiển..)(go camping...)
• leave someone alone(để ai yên...)
• By + V-ing(bằng cách làm...)
• want/ plan/ agree/ wish/ attempt/ decide/ demand/ expect/ mean/ offer/ prepare/ happen/ hesitate/ hope/ afford/ intend/ manage/ try/ learn/ pretend/ promise/ seem/ refuse + TO + V-infinitive
e.g.1: I decide to study English.
• for a long time = for years = for ages(đã nhiều năm rồi)(dùng trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
• when + S + V(QkĐ), S + was/were + V-ing.
• When + S + V(qkd), S + had + Pii
• Before + S + V(qkd), S + had + Pii
• After + S + had +Pii, S + V(qkd)
• to be crowded with(rất đông cài gì đó...)
• to be full of(đầy cài gì đó...)
• To be/ seem/ sound/ became/ feel/ appear/ look/ go/ turn/ grow + adj(đây là các động từ tri giác có nghĩa là: có vẻ như/ là/ dường như/ trở nên... sau chúng nếu có adj và adv thì chúng ta phải chọn adj)
• except for/ apart from(ngoài, trừ...)
• as soon as(ngay sau khi)
• to be afraid of(sợ cái gì..)
• could hardly(hầu như không)( chú ý: hard khác hardly)
• Have difficulty + V-ing(gặp khó khăn làm gì...)
• Chú ý phân biệt 2 loại tính từ V-ed và V-ing: dùng -ed để miêu tả về người, -ing cho vật. và khi muốn nói về bản chất của cả người và vật ta dùng –ing
e.g.1: That film is boring. 
e.g.2: He is bored. 
e.g.3: He is an interesting man. 
e.g.4: That book is an interesting one. (khi đó không nên nhầm với –ed, chẳng hạn ta nói : a loved man có nghĩa “người đàn ông được mến mộ”, tức là có nghĩa “Bị” và “Được” ở đó)
• in which = where; on/at which = when
• Put + up + with + V-ing(chịu đựng...)
• Make use of + N/ V-ing(tận dụng cái gì đó...)
• Get + adj/ Pii
• Make progress(tiến bộ...)
• take over + N(đảm nhiệm cái gì...)
• Bring about(mang lại)
• Chú ý: so + adj còn such + N
• At the end of và In the end(cuối cái gì đó và kết cục)
• To find out(tìm ra),To succeed in(thành công trong...)
• Go for a walk(đi dạo)/ go on holiday/picnic(đi nghỉ)
• One of + so sánh hơn nhất + N(một trong những...)
• It is the first/ second.../best + Time + thì hiện tại hoàn thành
• Live in(sống ở)/ Live at + địa chỉ cụ thể/ Live on (sống nhờ vào...)
• To be fined for(bị phạt về)
• from behind(từ phía sau...)
• so that + mệnh đề(để....)
• In case + mệnh đề(trong trường hợp...)
• can/ could/ may might/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ must/ ought to... (modal Verbs) + V-infinitive
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
1.My kitchen is smaller than yours.
Your kitchen
2. They will change the date of the meeting again.
The date
3. The children liked to walk in the rain.
The children enjoyed
4.My grandmother is very old. She can’t work now.
My grandmother is too
5.The quention was so difficult that no one could answer it.
It was such
6.They will hold an international conference in Hanoi next month.
An international conference
7.He thinks learning English is easy.
He thinks it is
8.Who does this bicycle belong to?
Whose 
9. Hung is taller than Ba
Ba
10.They have just stolen his car.
His car 
11.The car is too exspensive for him to buy.
He hasn’t 
12.We learned this lesson after a long time
It took 
13.It was such a boring film that we left before the end.
The film was 
14.I would like you to help me to put the chairs away.
Would you mind
15.They will have to earn money by myself
Money
16.Someone repaired his car yesterday.
He had
17. The water was so cold that the children could not drink it.
The water was not
18.He never has enough money
He is always 
19. He is going repair the car for us next week
We are going
20.Peter is too young to see the horror film.
Peter is not
21.John could not find the right house.
John was 
22.Richard smoked cigarettes when he was a young man.
Richard used
23.Unless he phones his wife immediately, he won’t get any information
If
24.He remembered, so did she.
He didn’t
25. I remember them taking me to a well-known theatre in the city.
I remember
26.”Try go to bed earlier” the doctor said to Mrs White
The doctor suggested 
27.It is a three – month course
The course
28.I’m always nervous when I travel by airplane
Travelling 
29.Although he had a good salary. He was unhappy with his job.
In spite 
30.That restautant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there.
It is such
31. After fighting the fire for 12 hours, the firemen succeed in putting it out.
The firemen managed 
32.It’s not a habit of mine to sleep in the afternoon.
I am
33.He sis not say a word when he left the room.
He left
34.Reading scientific books is one of my interests
I am
35.He is on the fifteenth page of the report he’s typing
So far
36.As soon as I left the house, the phone rang in my bedroom
Hardly
37.I prefer Vietnamese food to english food.
I’d
38.Maila was angry because his sister had broken his cassette player.
Maila was angry with
39.He would prefer you to pay him immediately.
He’d rather
40.She can’t have any more children because of her age.
She is too
41.Did you sleep well last night?
Did you have a 
42.I spent an hour doing this exercise.
It took