Tổng hợp ôn tập bài đọc môn Tiếng Anh Lơp 12 - Năm học 2015-2016 (Kèm đáp án)

G.	Every drop of water in the ocean, even in the deepest parts, responds to the forces that create the tides. No other force that affects the sea is so strong. Compared with the tides, the waves created by the wind are surface movements felt no more than a hundred fathoms below the surface. The currents also seldom involve more than the upper several hundred fathoms despite their impressive sweep.
The tides are a response of the waters of the ocean to the pull of the Moon and the more distant Sun. In theory, there is a gravitational attraction between the water and even the outermost star of the universe. In reality, however, the pull of remote stars is so slight as to be obliterated by the control of the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the Sun.
Just as the Moon rises later each day by fifty minutes, on the average, so, in most places, the time of high tide is correspondingly later each day. And as the Moon waxes and wanes in its monthly cycle, so the height of the tide varies. The tidal movements are strongest when the Moon is a sliver in the sky, and when it is full. These are the highest flood tides and the lowest ebb tides of the lunar month and are called the spring tides. At these times the Sun, Moon, and Earth are nearly in line and the pull of the two heavenly bodies is added together to bring the water high on the beaches, to send its surf upward against the sea cliffs, and to draw a high tide into the harbors. Twice each month, at the quarters of the Moon, when the Sun, Moon and Earth lie at the apexes of a triangular configuration and the pull of the Sun and Moon are opposed, the moderate tidal movements called neap tides occur. Then the difference between high and low water is less than at any other time during the month.
Question 35. What is the main point of the first paragraph?	
A. The waves created by ocean currents are very large.
B. Despite the strength of the wind, it only moves surface water.
C. Deep ocean water is seldom affected by forces that move water.
D. The tides are the most powerful force to affect the movement of ocean water.
Question 36. The word "felt" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to____________.
A. based B. dropped	C. detected 	D. explored
Question 37. The words "In reality" in the second paragraph are closest in meaning to____________.
A. surprisingly 	B. actually C. characteristically	D. similarly
Question 38. It can be inferred from the passage that the most important factor in determining how much gravitational effect one object in space has on the tides is____________.
A. size 	B. distance 	C. temperature	D. density
Question 39. The word "correspondingly" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to__________.
A. unpredictably 	B. interestingly 	C. similarly 	D. unusually
Question 40. What is the cause of spring tides?	
A. Seasonal changes in the weather
B. The gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon when nearly in line with the Earth
C. The Earth's movement around the Sun	
D. The triangular arrangement of the Earth, Sun, and Moon
Question 41. The word "configuration" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to____________.
A. unit 	B. center C. surface D. arrangement
Question 42. Neap tides occur when____________.
A. the Sun counteracts the Moon's gravitational attraction	B. the Moon is full
C. the Moon is farthest from the Sun	 D. waves created by the wind combine with the Moon's gravitational attraction
Question 43. According to the passage, all of the following statements about tides are true EXCEPT ___________.
A. The time of high tide is later each day	B. Tides have a greater effect on the sea than waves do
C. The strongest tides occur at the quarters of the Moon D. Neap tides are more moderate than spring tides
Question 44. Where in the passage does the author mention movements of ocean water other than those caused by tides?
A. Lines 2-4 	B. Lines 9-10 C. Line 11 D. Lines 14-17
H. 	It is estimated (the (45)____________ number is not known that worldwide some 60,000 newspapers exists, with a (46)____________ circulation of nearly 500 million. However, the number of readers is (47)____________ greater-as many as three times the circulation figure.
This is because newspapers are shared, some are posted, and (48)____________ placed in libraries and other (49)____________ places. Worldwide, about 8,000 of these newspapers are dailies. About a third of all newspapers are published in North America, (50)____________ third in Europe, and the (51)____________ third in the rest of the world. Countries with the highest newspaper (52)____________ are Britain, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Japan, and the United States. Europe has nearly half of the world's total newspaper circulation, North America about a quarter, and the rest of the world another quarter. Taking the world (53)____________, the average circulation of dailies per 1,000 persons is about 100, but there are many parts of the world where the modern newspaper is (54)____________ ever seen.
Question 45. A. correct 	B. exact 	C. right 	D. precise
Question 46. A. combined 	 	B. connected 	C. linked 	D. mixed
Question 47. A. even 	B. more 	C. far 	D. very
Question 48. A. the rest 	B. another 	C. the others 	D. others
Question 49. A. public 	B. common 	C. open 	D. shared
Question 50. A. the next 	B. the other 	C. another 	D. the last
Question 51. A. spare 	B. extra 	C. left 	D. remaining
Question 52. A. readers 	B. readership 	C. buyers 	D. subscribers
Question 53. A. as a whole 	B. in all 	C. generally 	D. on general
Question 54. A. not 	 B. almost 	C. scarcely 	D. seldom
I.	The ocean bottom - a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth - is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth's surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space. 
 	Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP).Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor. 
 	The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program that ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world. The Glomar Challenger's core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth. 
 	The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded information critical to understanding the world's past climates. Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change - information that may be used to predict future climates.
Question 55. The author refers to the ocean bottom as a "frontier" in the first paragraph because it ___________. 
A. is not a popular area for scientific research 	B. contains a wide variety of life forms 
C. attracts courageous explorers 	D. is an unknown territory 
Question 56. The word "inaccessible" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to___________.
A. unrecognizable	B. unreachable	C. unusable	D. unsafe 
Question 57. The author mentions outer space in line 6 because___________.
A. the Earth's climate millions of years ago was similar to conditions in outer space. 
B. it is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human environment 
C. rock formations in outer space are similar to those found on the ocean floor 
D. techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those used in ocean exploration 
Question 58. Which of the following is true of the Glomar Challenger? 
A. It is a type of submarine.	B. It is an ongoing project. 
C. It has gone on over 100 voyages.	D. It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968. 
Question 59. The word "extracting" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to___________.
A. breaking	B. locating 	C. removing	D. analyzing 
Question 60. The word "theories" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to___________.
A. belief	B. explanation	C. suspection	D. understanding 
Question 61. The deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was___________.
A. an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas 	B. the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom 
C. composed of geologists form all over the world 	D. funded entirely by the gas and oil industry 
Question 62. The word "strength" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to___________.
A. basis 	B. purpose 	C. discovery	D. endurance 
Question 63. The word "they" in the fourth paragraph refers to___________.
A. years	B. climates 	C. sediments	D. cores 
Question 64. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep Sea Drilling Project? 
A. Geologists were able to determine the Earth's appearance hundreds of millions of years ago. 
B. Two geological theories became more widely accepted 
C. Information was revealed about the Earth's past climatic changes. 
D. Geologists observed forms of marine life never before seen. 
J.	The latest addiction to trap thousands of people is Internet, which has been (35) ............... for broken relationships, job losses, finacial ruin and even one suicide. Psychologists now recognize Internet Addiction Syndrome (IAS) as a new illness that could (36) ................... serious problems and ruin many lives. Special help groups have been set up to (37) .................. sufferers help and support.
IAS is similar to (38) ................... problems like gambling, smoking and drinking : addicts have dreams about Internet; they need to use it first thing in the morning; they (39) ............... to their partners about how much time they spend online; they (40) .................. they could cut down, but are unable to do so . A recent study found that many users spend up to 40 hours a week on the Internet; (41) .................... they felt guilty, they became depressed if they were (42) ................... to stop using it.
Almost anyone can be at risk. Some of the addicts are teenagers who are already hooked on computer games and who (43) .................... it very difficult to resist the games on the Internet. Surprisingly, however, psychologists (44) .................. that most victims are middle-aged housewives who have never used a computer before.
Question 35: A. accused	B. mistaken	C. blamed	D. faulted
Question 36: A. take	B. cause	C. affect	D. lead
Question 37: A. recommend	B. offer	C. suggest	D. advise
Question 38: A. others	B. another	C. the other	D. other
Question 39: A. lie	B. cheat	C. deceive	D. betray
Question 40: A. rather	B. want	C. prefer	D. wish
Question 41: A. unless	B. without	C. although	D. despite
Question 42: A. made	B. allowed	C. let	D. had
Question 43: A. have	B. find	C. feel	D. say
Question 44: A. say	B. tell	C. object	D. promise
K. 	Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects - an estimated 90 percent of the world's species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity. 
Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions. 
For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed. 
A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly "personal communication" citations, even for vertebrates, In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase. 
In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.
Question 45: Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Their adaptation to different habitats	B. Their names
C. Their physical characteristics	D. Their variety
Question 46: The word consequence in the passage is closest in meaning to ".".
A. explanation	B. result	C. analysis	D. requirement
Question 47: Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues because they  .
A. are found mainly in temperate climates	B. have been given scientific names
C. are simple in structure	D. are viewed positively by people
Question 48: The word striking in the passage is closest in meaning to "..".
A. successful	B. noticeable	C. confusing	D. physical
Question 49: The word exceed in the passage is closest in meaning to "".
A. come close to	B. locate	C. go beyond	D. allow
Question 50: All of the followings are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity EXCEPT .. .
A. migration among temperate and tropical zones
B. variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants
C. differences between temperate and tropical zones
D. patterns of distribution of species in each region
Question 51: The author mentions tropical Asia in the passage as an example of a location where . 
A. butterflies are affected by human populations
B. documenting plant species is more difficult than documenting butterfly species
C. butterfly behavior varies with climate
D. a general theory of butterfly diversity has not yet been firmly established
Question 52: Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists?
A. Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical regions
B. Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animal groups
C. European butterfly habitats
D. Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical region
Question 53: The idea "little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution" is that  .
A. we know about butterfly evenness distribution to some extent
B. we don't know anything about butterfly evenness distribution
C. there are many other things that we don't know about butterfly evenness distribution
D. we know much about butterfly evenness distribution
Question 54: The word generated in the passage is closest in meaning to "".
A. caused	B. assisted	C. estimated	D. requested
L. 	Statesmen define a family as “a group of individuals having a common dwelling and related by blood, adoption or marriage, (20)	_______ includes common-law relationships.” Most people are born into one of these groups and (21)	 live their lives as a family in such a group. Although the definition of a family may not change, (22)	relationship of people to each other within the family group changes as society changes. More and more wives are (23)	paying jobs, and, as a result, the roles of husband, wife and children are changing. Today, men expect to (24)	 for pay for about 40 years of their lives, and, in today’s marriages (25)	which both spouses have paying jobs, women can expect to work for about 30 to 35 years of their lives. This mean that man must learn to do their share of family tasks such as caring for the children and daily (26)____	chores. Children, too, especially adolescents, have to (27)	________with the members oftheir family in sharing household tasks. The widespread acceptance of contraception has meant that having (28)	is as matter of choice, not an automatic result of marriage. Marriage itself has become a choice. As alternatives (29)	__________common-law relationships and single-parent families have become socially acceptable, women will become more independent. 
	 	A. which 	B. that 	 C. what 	D. it 
	 	A. must 	B. need 	 C. would 	D. will 
 	A. a 	B. any 	 C. some 	D. the 
 	A. taking 	B. making 	 C. keeping 	D. performing 
	 	A. live 	B. work 	 C. hope 	D. ask
	 	A. in 	B. for 	 C. with 	D. to 
	 	A. home 	B. family 	 C. house 	D. household 
	 	A. carry 	B. deal 	 C. cooperate 	D. combine 
 	A. time 	B. families 	 C. happiness 	D. children 
	 	A. similar to 	B. like 	 C. such as	D. or else