Tổng hợp ôn tập bài đọc môn Tiếng Anh Lơp 12 - Năm học 2015-2016 (Có đáp án)

A.	Library is a collection of books and other informational materials made available to people for reading, 
study, or reference. The word library comes (33)______ liber, the Latin word for “book”. (34)______, library collections have almost always contained a variety of materials. Contemporary libraries maintain collections that include not only printed materials such as manuscripts, books, newspapers, and magazines, (35)______ audio-visual and online databases. In addition (36)______ maintaining collections within library buildings, modern libraries often feature telecommunications links that provide users with access to information at remote sites. 
 The central mission of a library (37)______ to collect, organize, preserve, and provide access to 
knowledge and information. In fulfilling this mission, libraries preserve a valuable record of culture that can be passed down to (38)______ generations. Libraries are an essential link in this communication between the past, present, and future. Whether the cultural record is contained in books or in electronic formats, libraries ensure (39)______ the record is preserved and made available for later use. 
 People use library resources to gain information about personal (40)______ or to obtain recreational materials such as films and novels. Students use libraries to supplement and enhance their classroom experiences, to learn (41)______ in locating sources of information, and to develop good reading and study habits. Public officials use libraries to research legislation and public policy issues. One of the most valued of all cultural institutions, the library (42) ______ information and services that are essential to learning and progress. 
Question 33: A. from 	B. in 	C. to 	D. out 
Question 34: A. Despite 	B. However C. Therefore 	D. Instead 
Question 35: A. only if 	B. as well 	C. or else 	D. but also 
Question 36: A. on 	B. to 	C. in 	D. from 
Question 37: A. are 	B. is 	C. have 	D. has 
Question 38: A. succeeding 	B. succeed 	C. successful 	D. success 
Question 39: A. what 	B. which 	C. who 	D. that 
Question 40: A. profits 	B. attractions C. interests 	D. appeals 
Question 41: A. abilities 	B. skills 	C. talents 	D. capacities 
Question 42: A. relates 	B. applies 	C. supplies 	D. digests 
B.	 Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effects of global warming. Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures. 
 With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations. Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm. In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts. Species that find cities or farmland 
blocking their way north or south may become extinct. Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and mountaintop regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible. For example, polar bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther north to go. 
 Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult. Some scientists have estimated 
that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming. The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals. Some 
species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, may not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear. 
 Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming. Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to “bleach”, a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral. Scientists estimate that even 1 Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world. Also, increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters. This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems. 
Question 45: Scientists have observed that warmer temperatures in the spring cause flowers to ______. 
A. die instantly B. bloom earlier C. become lighter D. lose color 
Question 46: According to paragraph 2, when their habitats grow warmer, animals tend to move ______. 
A. south-eastwards and down mountainsides toward lower elevations 
B. north-westwards and up mountainsides toward higher elevations 
C. toward the North Pole and down mountainsides toward lower elevations 
D. toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations 
Question 47: The pronoun “those” in paragraph 2 refers to ______. 
A. species B. ecosystems C. habitats D. areas 
Question 48: The phrase “dwindling sea ice” in paragraph 2 refers to ______. 
A. the frozen water in the Arctic B. the violent Arctic Ocean 
C. the melting ice in the Arctic D. the cold ice in the Arctic 
Question 49: It is mentioned in the passage that if the global temperature rose by 2 or 3 Celsius degrees, ______. 
A. half of the earth’s surface would be flooded B. the sea level would rise by 20 centimeters 
C. water supply would decrease by 50 percent D. 20 to 50 percent of species could become extinct 
Question 50: If some species are not able to adjust quickly to warmer temperatures, ______. 
A. they may be endangered B. they can begin to develop 
C. they will certainly need water D. they move to tropical forests 
Question 51: The word “fragile” in paragraph 4 most probably means ______. 
A. very large B. easily damaged C. rather strong D. pretty hard 
Question 52: The bleaching of coral reefs as mentioned in paragraph 4 indicates ______. 
A. the water absorption of coral reefs B. the quick growth of marine mammals 
C. the blooming phase of sea weeds D. the slow death of coral reefs 
Question 53: The level of acidity in the ocean is increased by ______. 
A. the rising amount of carbon dioxide entering the ocean B. the decrease of acidity of the pole waters 
C. the extinction of species in coastal areas D. the loss of acidity in the atmosphere around the earth 
Question 54: What does the passage mainly discuss? 
A. Influence of climate changes on human lifestyles B. Effects of global warming on animals and plants 
C. Global warming and possible solutions D. Global warming and species migration 
C.	 Overpopulation, the situation of having large numbers of people with too few resources and too little space, is closely associated with poverty. It can result from high population density, or from low amounts of resources, or from both. Excessively high population densities put stress on available resources. Only a certain number of people can be supported on a given area of land, and that number depends on how much food and other resources the land can provide. In countries where people live primarily by means of simple 
farming, gardening, herding, hunting, and gathering, even large areas of land can support only small numbers of people because these labor-intensive subsistence activities produce only small amounts of food. 
 In developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and the countries of Western Europe, overpopulation generally is not considered a major cause of poverty. These countries produce large quantities of food through mechanized farming, which depends on commercial fertilizers, large-scale irrigation, and agricultural machinery. This form of production provides enough food to support the high densities of people in metropolitan areas. 
 A country’s level of poverty can depend greatly on its mix of population density and agricultural productivity. Bangladesh, for example, has one of the world’s highest population densities, with 1,147 persons per sq km. A large majority of the people of Bangladesh engage in low-productivity manual farming, which contributes to the country’s extremely high level of poverty. Some of the smaller countries in Western Europe, such as the Netherlands and Belgium, have high population densities as well. These countries practice mechanized farming and are involved in high-tech industries, however, and therefore have high standards of living. 
 At the other end of the spectrum, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have population densities of less than 30 persons per sq km. Many people in these countries practice manual subsistence farming; these countries also have infertile land, and lack the economic resources and technology to boost productivity. As a consequence, these nations are very poor. The United States has both relatively low population density and high agricultural productivity; it is one of the world’s wealthiest nations. 
 High birth rates contribute to overpopulation in many developing countries. Children are assets to many poor families because they provide labor, usually for farming. Cultural norms in traditionally rural societies 
commonly sanction the value of large families. Also, the governments of developing countries often provide little or no support, financial or political, for family planning; even people who wish to keep their families small have difficulty doing so. For all these reasons, developing countries tend to have high rates of population growth. 
Question 55: Which of the following is given a definition in paragraph 1? 
A. Overpopulation B. Population density C. Simple farming D. Poverty 
Question 56: What will suffer when there are excessively high population densities? 
A. Available resources B. Skilled labor C. Farming methods D. Land area 
Question 57: The phrase “that number” in paragraph 1 refers to the number of ______. 
A. people B. densities C. resources D. countries 
Question 58: In certain countries, large areas of land can only yield small amounts of food because ______. 
A. there is lack of mechanization 	B. there are small numbers of laborers 
C. there is an abundance of resources 	D. there is no shortage of skilled labor 
Question 59: Bangladesh is a country where the level of poverty depends greatly on ______. 
A. its population density only 	B. both population density and agricultural productivity 
C. population density in metropolitan areas 	D. its high agricultural productivity 
Question 60: The phrase “engage in” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. 
A. escape from B. look into C. give up D. participate in 
Question 61: The word “infertile” in paragraph 4 probably means ______. 
A. disused B. impossible C. unproductive D. inaccessible 
Question 62: Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage? 
A. In certain developed countries, mechanized farming is applied. 
B. In sub-Saharan African countries, productivity is boosted by technology. 
C. There is no connection between a country’s culture and overpopulation. 
D. All small countries in Western Europe have high population densities. 
Question 63: Which of the following is a contributor to overpopulation in many developing countries? 
A. High-tech facilities B. Economic resources 	C. Sufficient financial support D. High birth rates 
Question 64: Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? 
A. High Birth Rate and its Consequences B. Overpopulation: A Cause of Poverty 
C. Overpopulation: A Worldwide Problem D. Poverty in Developing Countries 
D.	 Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850’s an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate. Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.
Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diets. Growing urban population created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890’s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. As easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870’s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s.
Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavily in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
Question 55. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Causes of food spoilage	B. Commercial production of ice
C. Population movements in the nineteenth century D. Inventions that led to changes in the American diet
Question 56. The phrase “in season” in line 1 refers to ________ .
A. a particular time of year	B. a kind of weather C. an official schedule D. a method of flavoring
Question 57. During the 1860’s, canned food products were _________ .
A. unavailable in rural areas 	B. available in limited quantities 
C. shipped in refrigerator cars 	D. a staple part of the American diet.
Question 58. It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use _________ .
A. before 1860 	B. before 1890 	C. after 1900 	D. after 1920
Question 59. The word” them” in line 12 refers to _________ .
A. refrigerator cars 	B.growers 	C. perishables	 D. distances.
Question 60. The word” fixture” in line 16 is closest in meaning to _________ .
A. commonplace object 	B. substance 	C. luxury item 	D. mechanical device
Question 61.The author implies that in the 1920’s and 1930’s home deliveries of ice _________ .
A. increased in cost B. occurred only in the summer C. decreased in number D. were on an irregular schedule
Question 62. The word “ Nevertheless” in line 19 is closest meaning to _________ .
A. occasionally 	 B. however 	C. therefore 	D. because 
Question 63. Which of the following types of food preservation was NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Drying 	 B. Chemical additives	C. Canning 	D. Cold storage 
Question 64. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
A. Most farmers in the United States raised only fruits and vegetables.
B. People who lived in cities demanded home delivery of foods.
C. Tin cans and iceboxes helped to make many foods more widely available.
D. Commercial ice factories were developed by railroad owners
F.	 Today we take electricity for granted and perhaps we do not realize just how useful this discovery has been. Steam was the first invention that replaced wind power. It was used to drive engines and was passed through pipes and radiators to warm rooms. Petrol mixed with air was the next invention that provided power. Exploded in a cylinder, it drove a motor engine. Beyond these simple and direct uses, those forms have not much adaptability. On the other hand, we make use of electricity in thousands of ways. From the powerful voltages that drive our electric trains to the tiny current needed to work a simple calculator, and from the huge electric magnet in steel works that can lift 10 tons to the tiny electric magnet in a doorbell, all are powered by electricity. An electric current can be made with equal ease to heat a huge mass of molten metal in a furnace, or to boil a jug for a cup of coffee. Other than atomic energy, which has not as yet been harnessed to the full, electricity is the greatest power in the world. It is flexible, and so adaptable for any task for which it is wanted. It travels so easily and with incredible speed along wires or conductors that it can be supplied instantly over vast distances. To generate electricity, huge turbines or generators must be turned. In Australia they use coal or water to drive this machinery. When dams are built, falling water is used to drive the turbines without polluting the atmosphere with smoke from coal. Atomic power is used in several countries but there is always the fear of an accident. A tragedy once occurred at Chernobyl, in Ukraine, at an atomic power plant used to make electricity. The reactor leaked, which caused many deaths through radiation. Now scientists are examining new ways of creating electricity without harmful effects to the environment. They may harness the tides as they flow in and out of bays. Most importantly, they hope to trap sunlight more efficiently. We do use solar heaters for swimming pools but as yet improvement in the capacity of the solar cells to create more current is necessary. When this happens, electric cars will be viable and the world will rid itself of the toxic gases given off by trucks and cars that burn fossil fuels. 
Question 45. Which of the following power sources causes pollution by emitting harmful gases? 
A. Wind. 	B. Petrol.	C. Water.	D. Sunlight.
Question 46. The word "they" in the last paragraph refers to ______. 
A. the tides 	B. scientists 	C. harmful effects 	D. new ways 
Question 47. What do we call machines that make electricity? 
A. Voltages	B. Generators or turbines. C. Pipes and radiators. D. Electric magnets. 
Question 48. Before electricity, what was sometimes passed through pipes to heat rooms? 
A. Gas.	B. Hot wind	C. Steam	D. Petrol
Question 49. The author mentions the sources of energy such as wind, steam, petrol in the first paragraph to _____. 
A. emphasize the usefulness and adaptability of electricity 
B. suggest that electricity should be alternated with safer sources of energy 
C. imply that electricity is not the only useful source of energy 
D. discuss which source of energy can be a suitable alternative to electricity
Question 50. What does the author mean by saying that electricity is flexible? 
A. It is used to drive motor engines.	B. It can be adapted to various uses. 
C. It can be made with ease.	D. It is cheap and easy to use.
Question 51. The main forms of power used to generate electricity in Australia are ______. 
A. atomic power and water 	B. wind and gas 
C. water and coal 	D. sunlight and wind power 
Question 52. Electric magnets are used in steel works to ______. 
A. heat the molten steel 	B. lift heavy weights up to ten tons 
C. test the steel for strength 	D. boil a jug of water 
Question 53. The advantage of harnessing the power of the tides and of sunlight to generate electricity is that they _____. 
A. do not require attention 	B. are more adaptable
C. do not pollute the environment 	D. are more reliable 
Question 54. The best title for this passage could be ______. 
A. “Types of Power Plants” 	 B. “Why Electricity Is So Remarkable”
C. “Electricity: Harmful Effects on Our Life” 	 D. “How to Produce Electricity”