Tổng hợp bài luyện tập về đọc hiểu môn Tiếng Anh Lơp 12 - Năm học 2015-2016 (Kèm đáp án)

TỔNG HỢP BÀI LUYỆN TẬP VỀ ĐỌC HIỂU HAY 
EXERCISE 1
 Telecommuting is some form of computer communication between employees’ homes and offices. For employees whose job involve sitting at a terminal or word processor entering data or typing reports, the location of the computer is of no consequence. If the machine can communicate over telephone lines, when the work is completed, employees can dial the office computer and transmit the material to their employers. A recent survey in USA Today estimates that there are approximately 8,7 million telecommuters. But although the numbers are rising annually, the trend does not appear to be as significant as predicted when Business Week published “The Portable Executive” as its cover story a few years ago. Why hasn’t telecommuting become more popular?
 Clearly, change simply takes time. But in addition, there has been active resistance on the part of many managers. These executives claim that supervising the telecommuters in a large work force scattered across the country would be too difficult, or, at least, systems for managing them are not yet developed, thereby complicating the manager’s responsibilities.
 It is also true that employees who are given the option of telecommuting are reluctant to accept the opportunity. Most people feel that they need regular interaction with a group, and many are concerned that they will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are not more visible in the office setting. Some people feel that even when a space in  their homes is set aside as a work area, they never really get away from the office.
Question 1: With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned?
A.   The advantages of telecommuting.	B.   A definition of telecommuting.
C.   An overview of telecommuting.	D.   The failure of telecommuting.
Question 2: How many Americans are involved in telecommuting?
A.   More than predicted in Business Week.
B.   More than 8 million.
C.   Fewer than estimated in USA Today.
D.   Fewer than last year.
Question 3: The phrase “of no  consequence” means          .
A.  of no  use              B.  of no  good           C.   unimportant                     D. irrelevant 
Question 4: The author mentions all of the following as concerns of telecommuting, EXCEPT          .
A.   the opportunities for advancement.	B.   the different system of supervision.
C.   the lack of interaction with a group.	D.   The work place is in the home.
Question 5: The word “executives” in line 10   refers to          .
A.   telecommuters      B.   managers              C.   employees                        D. most people
Question 6: The word “them” in line 11   refers to         .
A.   systems                B.   telecommuters      C.   executives                        D. responsibilities
Question 7: The reason why telecommuting has not become popular is that the employees           .
A.   need regular interaction with their families.
B.   are worried about the promotion if they are not seen at the office.
C.   feel that a work area in their home is away from the office.
D.   are ignorant of telecommuting.
Question 8: It can be inferred from the passage that the   author is         .
A.  a telecommuter    B. the  manager          C.  a  statistician                     D. a reporter
Question 9: The word “reluctant” in line 13 can best be   replaced by         .
A.   opposite               B.   willing                  C.   hesitate                             D. typical
Question 10: When Business Week published “The Portable Executive”, it implied that           .
A.   systems for managing telecommuters were not effective.
B.   there was resistance on the part of many managers about telecommuting.
C.   the trend for telecommuting was optimistic.
D.   most telecommuters were satisfied with their work.
EXERCISE 2
Choosing a career may be one of the hardest jobs you ever have, and it must be done with care. View a career as an opportunity to do something you love, not simply as a way to earn a living. Investing the time and effort to thoroughly explore your options can mean the difference between finding a stimulating and rewarding career and move from job to unsatisfying job in an attempt to find the right one. Work influences virtually every aspect of your life, from your choice of friends to where you live. Here are just a few of the factors to consider.
Deciding what matters most to you is essential to making the right decision. You may want to begin by assessing your likes, dislikes, strengths, and weaknesses. Think about the classes, hobbies, and surroundings that you find most appealing. Ask yourself questions, such as “Would you like to travel? Do you want to work with children? Are you more suited to solitary or cooperative work?” There are no right or wrong answers; only you know what is important to you. Determine which job features you require, which ones you would prefer, and which ones you cannot accept. Then rank them in order of importance to you.
The setting of the job is one factor to take into account. You may not want to sit at a desk all day. If not, there are diversity occupation – building inspector, supervisor, real estate agent – that involve a great deal of time away from the office. Geographical location may be a concern, and employment in some fields in concentrated in certain regions. Advertising job can generally be found only in large cities. On the other hand, many industries such as hospitality, law education, and retail sales are found in all regions of the country.
If a high salary is important to you, do not judge a career by its starting wages. Many jobs, such as insurance sales, offers relatively low starting salaries; however, pay substantially increases along with your experience, additional training, promotions and commission.
Don’t rule out any occupation without learning more about it. Some industries evoke positive or negative associations. The traveling life of a flight attendant appears glamorous, while that of a plumber does not. Remember that many jobs are not what they appear to be at first, and may have merits or demerits that are less obvious. Flight attendants must work long, grueling hours without sleeps, whereas plumbers can be as highly paid as some doctors.
Another point to consider is that as you mature, you will likely develop new interests and skills that may point the way to new opportunities. The choice you make today need not be your final one.
Question 1: The author states that “There are no right or wrong answers” in   order to       .
A.   emphasize that each person’s answers will be different.
B.   show that answering the questions is a long and difficult process.
C.   indicate that the answers are not really important.
D.   indicate that each person’s answers may change over time.
Question 2: The word “them” in paragraph 2   refers to          .
A.   questions              B.   answers                C.   features                            D. jobs
Question 3: The word “assessing” in paragraph 2 could best be   replaced by         .
A.   discovering          B.   considering           C.   measuring                         D. disposing
Question 4: According to paragraph 3, which of the following fields is NOT suitable for a person who does not want to live in a big city?
A.   plumbing              B.   law                       C.  retail  sales                        D. advertising
Question 5: The word “evoke” in paragraph 4 is closest in   meaning to          .
A.  agree  on               B.  bring to mind       C.  be related to                     D. differ from
Question 6: The word “that” in paragraph 4  refers to          .
A.   occupation           B.  the traveling life   C.  a flight attendant             D. commission
Question 7: It can be inferred from the paragraph   3 that         .
A.   jobs in insurance sales are generally not well-paid.
B.   insurance sales people can earn high salary later in their career.
C.   people should constantly work toward the next promotion.
D.   a starting salary should be an important consideration in choosing a career.
Question 8: In paragraph 5, the author  suggests that         .
A.   you may want to change careers at some time in the future.
B.   as you get older, your career will probably less fulfilling.
C.   you will be at your job for a lifetime, so choose carefully.
D.   you will probably jobless at some time in the future.
Question 9: Why does the author mention “long, grueling hours without sleeps” in paragraph 4?
A.   To emphasize the difficulty of working as a plumber.
B.   To contrast the reality of a flight attendant’s job with most people’s perception.
C.   To show that people must work hard for the career they have chosen.
D.   To discourage readers from choosing a career as a flight attendant.
Question 10: According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A.   To make a lot of money, you should not take a job with a low starting salary.
B.   To make lots of money, you should rule out all factory jobs.
C.   If you want an easy and glamorous lifestyle, you should consider becoming flight attendant
D.   Your initial view of certain careers may not be accurate.
EXERCISE 3
n the United States, presidential elections are held in years evenly divisible by four (1888, 1900, 1964, etc.). Since 1840, American presidents elected in years ending with zero have died in office, with one exception. William H. Harrison, the man who served the   shortest term, died of pneumonia only several weeks after his inauguration.
Abraham Lincoln was one of four presidents who were assassinated. He was elected in 1860, and his untimely death came just five years later. James A. Garfield, a former Union army general from Ohio, was shot during his first year in office (1881) by a man to whom he wouldn't give a job. While in his second term of office (1901), William McKinley, another Ohioan, attended the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. During the reception, he was assassinated while shaking hands with some of the guests. John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 in Dallas only three years after his election.
Three years after his election in 1920, Warren G, Harding died in office. Although it was never proved, many believe he was poisoned. Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected four times (1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944), the only man to serve so long a term. He had contracted polio in 1921 and eventually died of the illness in 1945.
Ronald Reagan, who was elected in 1980 and reelected four years later, suffered an assassination attempt but did not succumb to the assassin's bullets. He was the first to break the long chain of unfortunate events. Will the candidate in the election of 2020 also be as lucky?
Question 1: All of the following were election  years EXCEPT       .
A.   1960                     B.   1930                     C.   1888                                 D. 1824
Question 2: Which president served the shortest term in office?
A.  Abraham Lincoln                                                 B. Warren G. Harding
C.  William  McKinley                                               D. William H. Harrison
Question 3: Which of the following is true?
A.   All presidents elected in years ending in zero have died in office.
B.   Only presidents from Ohio have died in office.
C.   Franklin D. Roosevelt completed four terms as president.
D.   Four American presidents have been assassinated.
Question 4: How many presidents elected in years ending in zero since 1840 have died in office?
A.   7                           B.   5                           C.   4                                       D. 3
Question 5: The word “inauguration” in the first paragraph means most nearly the same as           .
A.   election                                                                B. acceptance speech
C.  swearing-in ceremony                                          D. campaign
Question 6: All of the following presidents were  assassinated EXCEPT         .
A.  John F. Kennedy                                                 B. Franklin D. Roosevelt
C.  Abraham Lincoln                                                 D. James A. Garfield
Question 7: The word “whom” in the second paragraph  refers to         .
A.   Garfield               B. Garfield's assassin  C. a Union  army general       D. McKinley
Question  8:  The  word  “assassinated”  in  the  second  paragraph  is  closest  in  meaning to           .
A.   murdered             B.   decorated             C.   honored                            D. sickened
Question 9: In the third paragraph, “contracted” is closest in  meaning to          .
A. communicated about      B. developed            C.  agree  about                      D. notified
Question 10: How long did Warren G, Harding work as a president?
A.  2  years                 B.  3  years                  C.  4  years                              D. 4 years
EXERCISE 4
After inventing dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man. However, he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late. Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before   his death·, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhilecontributions to humanity. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first awards ceremony.
Nobel's original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from $30,000 to $125,000.
Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma, and money) are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judges' decisions. Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes.
No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War 11. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared their prizes.
Question 1: The word “foresaw” in the first paragraph is nearest in meaning to          .
A.   prevailed              B.   postponed            C.   prevented                         D. predicted
Question 2: The Nobel prize was established in order to          .
A. recognize worthwhile contributions  to humanity            B. resolve political differences
C.  honor the  inventor of dynamite                                       D. spend money
Question 3: In which area have Americans received the most awards?
A.   Literature             B.   Peace                    C.   Economics                       D. Science
Question 4: All of the following statements are  true EXCEPT         .
A.   Awards vary in monetary value
B.   ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel's invention
C.   Politics plays an important role in selecting the winners
D.   A few individuals have won two awards
Question 5: In how many fields are prizes bestowed?
A.   2                           B.   5                           C.   6                                       D. 10
Question 6: It is implied that Nobel's profession  was in         .
A.   economics            B.   medicine               C.   literature                           D. science
Question 7: In the first paragraph, “worthwhile” is closest in  meaning to          .
A.   economic              B.   prestigious            C.   trivial                                D. valuable
Question 8: How much money did Nobel leaves for the prizes?
A.   $30,000                B.   $125,000              C.   $155,000                          D. $9,000,000
Question 9: What is the main idea of this passage?
A.   Alfred Nobel became very rich when he invented dynamite.
B.   Alfred Nobel created awards in six categories for contributions to humanity.
C.   Alfred Nobel left all of his money to science
D.   Alfred Nobel made a lasting contribution to humanity
Question 10: The word “legacy”  in  the second  paragraph means  most  nearly the same as           .
A.   legend                  B.   bequest                 C.   prize                                 D. debt
 EXERCISE 5
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as "silent", the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.
As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.
To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indications of mood as "pleasant', "sad", "lively". The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.
Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.
Question 1: The passage mainly discusses music  that was          .
A.   performed before the showing of a film
B.   played during silent films
C.   recorded during film exhibitions
D.   specifically composed for certain movie theaters
Question 2: What can be inferred that the passage about the majority of films made after 1927?
A.   They were truly “silent”.
B.   They were accompanied by symphonic orchestras.
C.   They incorporated the sound of the actors' voices.
D.   They corresponded to specific musical compositions.
Question 3: It can be inferred that orchestra conductors who worked in movie theaters needed to               .
A. be able to play   many instruments                        B. have pleasant voices
C. be familiar with a wide variety  of music             D. be able to compose original music
Question 4: The word “them”  refers to          .
A.   years                     B.   hands                    C.   pieces                               D. films
Question 5: According to the passage, what kind of business was the Edison Company?
A.  It produced electricity.                                        B. It distributed films.
C.  It  published musical arrangements.                      D. It made musical instruments. 
Question 6: It may be inferred from the passage that the first musical cue sheets appeared around .
A.   1896                     B.   1909                     C.   1915                                 D. 1927
Question 7: Which of the following notations is most likely to have been included on a musical cue sheet of the early 1900's?
A.  "Calm,  peaceful"                                                  B. "Piano, violin"
C.  "Key of C major"                                                 D. "Directed by D. W. Griffith"
Question 8: The word “composed” is closest in  meaning to          .
A.   selected                B.   combined             C.   played                              D. created
Question 9: The word “scores” most  likely mean          .
A.   totals                     B. successes	C.  groups of musicians  	D. musical compositions
Question 10: The passage probably continues with a  discussion of          .
A.   other films directed by D. W. Griffith	B.   famous composers of the early twentieth century
C.   silent films by other directors	D.   the music in Birth of a Nation
 EXERCISE 6
Glass is a remarkable substance made from the simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent, or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms - as table ware, containers, in architecture and design – glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.
Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C., glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow. Why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.
Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or "freeze" at specific temperatures glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials.
Question 1: Why does the author list the characteristics of glass in paragraph 1?
A.   To demonstrate how glass evolved	B.   To show the versatility of glass
C.   To explain glassmaking technology	D.   To explain the purpose of each component of glass
Question 2: The word “durable” in paragraph 1 is closest in   meaning to          .
A.   lasting                  B.   delicate                 C.   heavy                               D. plain
Question 3: What does the author imply about the raw materials used to make glass?
A. They were the same  for centuries.                       B. They are liquid.
C.  They are transparent.                                           D. They are very heavy.
Question 4: According to the passage, how is glass that has cooled and become rigid different from most other rigid substances?
A.   It has an interlocking crystal network.	B.   It has an unusually low melting temperature.
C.   It has varying physical properties.	D.   It has a random molecular structure.
Question 5: The word “customarily” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced   by “         ”.
A.   naturally               B.   necessarily            C.   usually                              D. certainly
Question 6: The words “exposed to” in paragraph 2 most   likely mean          .
A.  hardened  by         B.  chilled  with          C.  subjected to                     D. deprived of 
Question 7: What must be done to release the internal stresses that build up in glass products during manufacture?
A.The glass must be reheated and evenly cooled.	B.The glass must be cooled quickly.
C.The glass must be kept moist until cooled. D.The glass must be shaped to its desired form immediately
Question 8: The word “induced” in paragraph 2 is closest in   meaning to          .
A.   joined                   B.   missed                  C.   caused                              D. lost
Question 9: The word “it” in paragraph 3  refers to          .
A.   feature                  B.   glass                     C.   manner                             D. viscosity 
Question 10: According to the passage, why can glass be more easily shaped into specific forms than can metals?
A.   It resists breaking when heated	B.   It has better optical properties.
C.   It retains heat while its viscosity changes.	D.   It gradually becomes softer as its temperature rises.
  EXERCISE 7
History books recorded that the first film with sound was The Jazz Singer in 1927. But sound films, or talkies, did not suddenly appear after years of silent screenings. From the  earliest  public  performances  in  1896,  films  were  accompanied  by  music and sound effects. These were produced by a single pianist, a small band, or a full-scale orchestra; large movie theatres could buy sound-effect machines. Research into sound that was reproduced at exactly at the same time as the pictures - called "synchronized sound" – began soon after the very first films were shown. With synchronized sound, characters on the movie screen could sing and speak. As early as 1896, the newly invented gramophone, which played a large disc carrying music and dialogue, was used as a sound system. The biggest disadvantage was that the sound and pictures could become unsynchronized if, for example, the gramophone needle jumped or if the speed of the projector changed. This system was only effective for a single song or dialoguesequence.
In the "sound-on-film" system, sound was recorded as a series of marks on celluloid which could be read by an optical sensor. These signals would be placed on the film alongside the image, guaranteeing synchronization. Short feature films were produced in this way as early  as 1922. This system eventually brought us "talking pictures".
Question 10: The passage is mainly  about the          .
A.   development of sound with movies.	B.   disadvantages of synchronized sound.
C.   research into sound reproduction.	D.   history of silent movies.
Question 2: According to the passage, films using sound effects  were screened         .
A.  as early as 1896    B.  before  1896          C.  as  early as 1922                D. in 1927
Question 3: The word “screenings” is closest in meaning   to "         ".
A.   revelations            B.   projections            C.   diversions                         D. demonstrations 
Question 4: Which of the following is not mentioned as a producer of sound to accompany movies?
A.  a Jazz Singer        B.  a single pianist      C.  a small band                     D. a gramophone
Question 5: It can be   inferred that         .
A.   orchestras couldn't synchronize sound with the pictures
B.   most movie theaters had a pianist
C.   sound-effect machines were not common because they were expensive
D.   gramophones were developed about the same time as moving pictures.
Question 6: According to the passage, gramophones were ineffective  because they         .
A.   were newly invented and still had imperfections.	B.   got out of synchronization with the picture.
C.   were too large for most movie theaters.	D.   changed speeds when the needle jumped.
Question 7: The word “sequence” is closest in   meaning to          .
A.   interpretation       B.   distribution           C.   organization                     D. progression
Question 8: The phrase “these signals”  refers to          .
A. series                   B. sounds                       C.   marks                               D. sensors
Question 9: According to the passage, sound-on-film guaranteed synchronization because the recording was    
A.   made during the film of the picture	B.   inserted beside the image on the film
C.   marked on the gramophone	D.   read by an optical sensor
Question 10: Short feature films produced as early  as 1922         .
A.  were recorded  by optical sensors                                     B. preceding talking pictures
C. were only effective for  dialogue sequences                     D. put musicians out of work
 EXERCISE 8
Today’s cars are smaller, safer, cleaner and more economical than their predecessors,  but the car of the future will be far more pollution-free than those on the road today. Several new types of automobile  engines  have  already been developed that  run  on alternative sources of power, such as electricity, compressed natural gas, methanol, steam, hydrogen, propane. Electricity, however, is the only zero-emission option presently available.
Although electric vehicles will not be truly practical until a powerful, compact battery or another dependable source of current is available, transportation expects foresee a new assortment of electric vehicles entering everyday life: shorter-