Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp Lớp 12 môn Tiếng Anh

UNIT1+2: REVIEW TENSES
1. THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN (PRESENT SIMPLE)
1.1. Cấu trúc (form)
(+) S + V/V(s;es) + Object
(-) S + do/does not + V ?
(?) Do/Does + S + V? –
Chú ý (note)  :  I /We/You/They + V-inf
He/She/It            + Verb –s/es
1.2. Cách sử dụng (use)
Hành động lặp đi lặp lại theo thói quen, phong tục và khả năng.
Nhận thức, cảm giác tình trạng xảy ra lúc đang nói.
Chân lý và sự kiện theo cách hiển nhiên.
Hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai.
1.3. Dấu hiệu
Always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, scarcel , never.
Once, twice ..a week.
Every day, every month.
Daily, weekly.
10 cigsrettes a day .
2. HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN (PRESENT CONTINUOUS)
2.1. Cấu trúc (form)
(+) S + is/am/are + Ving
(-) S + is/am/are not + Ving
(?) Is/Am/ Are + S + Ving ?
Chú ý :
 I               : am
He / She /It           : is
They / We / You  : are
2.2. Cách sử dụng (use)
Hành động đang diễn ra thực sự ở thời điểm nói.
Hành động nói chung đang diễn ra nhưng không nhất thiết diễn ra ở thời điểm nói.
Hành động xảy ra trong tương lai gần, thường dùng với các từ chỉ sự di động như : go , come , leave..
Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn còn dùng để diễn tả một hành động có tính chất tạm thời không thường xuyên.
Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại gây nên sự bực mình khó chịu cho người nói dùng với trạng từ (alway, continually, constantly).
2.3. Dấu hiệu
Now, right now, at the moment, at present.
Today, this week, this month, these days.
Câu cảm thán: be quiet! /look!
2.4. Những động từ không dùng ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
Động từ chỉ giác quan: hear, se, smell, taste.
Động từ chỉ tình cảm, cảm xúc: love, hate, like, dislike, want, wish.
Động từ chỉ trạng thái, sự liên hệ, sở hữu: look, seem, appear, have, own, belong to, need ..
Động từ chỉ sinh hoạt trí tuệ: agree, understand, remember, know..
3. HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH (PRESENT PERFECT)
3.1. Cấu trúc (form)
(+) S + have/has + PII
(-) S + have/has not + PII
(?) Have/ Has + S + PII
Chú ý : I /We / You /They : have
He / She / It          : has
3.2. Cách sử dụng (use)
Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả của nó vẫn còn ở hiện tại.
Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng chúng ta không biết rõ hoặc không muốn đề cập đến thời gian chính xác mà hành động xảy ra.
Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và hành động này có thể còn lặp lại trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai. Thường dùng với up to now, up to present, so far và các giới từ for, since .
Dùng để thông báo tin mới hoặc loan báo một sự việc mới xảy ra .
Hành động dùng trong các câu hỏi yet và before
Hành động dùng trog các câu trả lời khẳng định với already và phủ định với notyet
Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và chấm dứt vào lúc nói. Cách dùng này thường áp dụng với các từ ở thể phủ định
3.3. Dấu hiệu
Just, recently/lately, ever, never, yet, already, since, for, so far/until now/up to now/up to the present .
 4. HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN ( PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS)
4.1. Cấu trúc (form)
(+) S + have/has been + Ving
(-) S + have/has been + Ving
(?) Have/Has + S + been + Ving
 4.2. Cách sử dụng (use)
Hành động đã bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài cho đến hiện tại.
Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và vừa mới chấm dứt.
Hành động xảy ra lặp đi lặp lại trong một khoảng thời gian từ quá khứ đến hiện tại (thì hiện tại hoàn thành có thể dùng được).
 4.3. Dấu hiệu
For, since, how long.
Không dùng với các từ chỉ nhận thức, cảm giác, tri giác, sở hữu.
5. QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN
5.1. Cấu trúc (form)
(+) S + Ved/ PI-cột 2 trong bảng Động từ bất quy tắc.
(-) S + didn’t + V
(?) Did + S + V
 5.2. Cách sử dụng (us)
Một hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt ở một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Hành động đã xảy ra suốt một quãng thời gian trong quá khứ, nhưng nay đã hoàn toàn chấm dứt.
Thì quá khứ đơn còn dùng để diễn tả một loạt hành động xảy ra kế tiếp nhau trong quá khứ.
Hành động theo thói quen trong quá khứ.
 5.3. Dấu hiệu
Yesterday, ago, last week/month/year, in the past, in 1990
6.  QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN ( PAST CONTINUOUS )
6.1. Cấu trúc ( form )
(+) S + was/ were + Ving
(-) S + was / were not + Ving.
(?) Was/ Were + S + Ving.
 6.2. Cách sử dụng (use)
Hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể nào đó trong quá khứ.
Hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài liên tục trong một quãng thời gian ở quá khứ.
Hai hay nhiều hành động cũng xảy ra một lúc trong quá khứ.
Hành động đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm trong quá khứ thì có một hành động khác xen vào .
Hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ gây cho người nói sự bực mình, khó chịu .
 7. QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH( PAST PERFECT )
7.1. Cấu trúc (form)
·        S + had + Past Participle (V3) + O
·        S+ hadn’t+ Past Participle + O
·        Had+S+ Past Participle + O?
 7.2. Cách sử dụng
Hành động đã xảy ra và đã kết thúc trước một thời trong quá khứ .
Hành động đã xảy ra và đã kết thúc trước một hành động quá khứ khác.
Hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài đến một thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ.
 7.3. Dấu hiệu
After, before, when, as, once .
No soonerthan ( vừa mới thì )
Hardly / Scarcelywhen ( vừa mới thì )
It was not until that ( mãi cho tới mới )
Not until that ( mãi cho tới mới ..)
 8. QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN ( PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS )
8.1.Cấu trúc (form)
·        S+ had + been + V_ing + O
·        S+ hadn’t+ been+ V-ing + O
·         Had+S+been+V-ing + O?
8.2. Cách dùng (use)
Hoạt động xảy ra liên tục trong một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ.
Hoạt động đã bắt đầu trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ và kéo dài liên tục tới thời điểm đó .
9. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI (Simple Future)
9.1. Cấu trúc (form)
·        S + shall/will + V(infinitive) + O
·        S + shall/will + NOT+ V(infinitive) + O
·        shall/will + S + V(infinitive) + O?
 9.2. Cách sử dụng (use)
Quyết định bột phát trong khi nói (không được trù tính trước)
Dự đoán dự vào quan điểm hoặc kinh nghiệm
Một quyết tâm, lời hứa đề nghị yêu cầu
 9.3. Dấu hiệu
tomorrow, tonight, next week /month/year, some day, in the future
10. Thì tương lai tiếp diễn (FUTURE CONTINUONS)
10.1. Cấu trúc (form)
·        S + shall/will + be + V_ing+ O
·        S + shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ O
·        shall/will +S+ be + V_ing+ O
10.2. Cách sử dụng
Hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm hoặc trong một khoảng thời gian cụ thể nào đó ở tương lai.
Hành động tương lai đang xảy ra thì một hành động khác đang đến.
Hành động sẽ xảy ra và kéo dài liên trong một khoảng thời gian ở tương lai.
Hành động sẽ xảy ra trong quá trình diễn biến các sự kiện vì nó là một phần trong kế hoạch và là một phần trong thời gian biểu.
Thì tương lai tiếp diễn còn dùng để hỏi một cách lịch sự về kế hoạch của một người nào đó . 
10.3. Dấu hiệu
– In the future, next year, next week, next time, and soon.
11. Thì tương lai hoàn thành (Future Perfect)
11.1. Cấu trúc (form)
·        S + shall/will + have + Past Participle
·         S + shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ O
·        shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ O?
11.2. Cách sử dụng (use)
Hành động sẽ được hoàn tất trước một thời điểm hoặc trước một hành động khác trong tương lai.
Hành động xảy ra và kéo dài cho đến một thời điểm trong tương lai .
 11.3. Dấu hiệu
By the time and prior to the time (có nghĩa là before)
12. Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Future Perfect Continuous)
12.1. Cấu trúc (form)
·         S + shall/will + have been + V_ing + O
·        S + shall/will + NOT+ have been + V_ing + O
·        : shall/will + S+ have been + V_ing + O?
12.2. Cách sử dụng (use)
Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và kéo dài liên tục đến một thời điểm nào đó trong tương lai .
 PRONUNCIATION (Cách phát âm)
I. CÁCH PHÁT ÂM -S/-ES
- Có 3 cách phát âm –s hoặc –es tận cùng.
* đọc thành âm /iz/ với những từ có âm cuối là / s, z, ∫, t∫, d /
* đọc thành âm /s/ với những từ có âm cuối là / p, t, k, f, θ /
* đọc thành âm /z/ với những trường hợp còn lại
- Examples:
* /iz/: buses, watches, roses, washes, boxes..
* /s/: maps, books, hats, coughs, laughs, photographs .
* /z/: bells, eyes, plays .
II. CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –ED
- Có 3 cách phát âm –ed tận cùng.
* đọc thành âm /id/ với những từ có âm cuối là / t, d /
* đọc thành âm /t/ với những từ có âm cuối là /p, f, k, s, ∫, t∫, θ /
* đọc thành âm /d/ với những trường hợp còn lại
- Examples:
* /id/: wanted, needed, prevented, confided .
* /t/: looked, stopped, laughed, coughed, sacrificed..
* /d/: played, seemed, planned.
 Bài tập ứng dụng:
1. A. talked	B. painted	C. asked	D. liked
2. A. worked	B. stopped	C. forced	D. wanted
3. A. lays	B. says	C. stays	D. plays
4. A. waited	B. mended	C. objected	D. faced
5. A. roses	B. villages	C. apples	D. matches
6. A. languages	B. rabies	C. assumes	D. consumes
7. A. markedly	B. allegedly	C. needed	D. walked
8. A. succeeds	B. devotes	C. prevents	D. coughs
9. A. kissed	B. helped	C. forced	D. raised
10. A. sees	B. sports	C. pools	D. trains
11. A. learned	B. watched	C. helped	D. wicked
12. A. widens	B. referees	C. sacks	D. cancels
13. A. tombs	B. lamps	C. brakes	D. invites
14. A. books	B. floors	C. combs	D. drums
15. A. packed	B. punched	C. pleased	D. pushed 
16. A. confused	B. faced	C. cried	D. defined
17. A. trays	B. says	C. bays	D. days
18. A. kissed	B. pleased	C. increased	D. ceased
19. A. devoted	B. suggested	C. provided	D. wished
20. A. closes	B. loses	C. loves	D. chooses
21. A. gives	B. phones	C. switches	D. dives
22. A. watched	B. crashed	C. occupied	D. coughed
23. A. studies	B. flourishes	C. finishes	D. glances
24. A. hears	B. thanks	C. blows	D. coincides
25. A. started	B. looked	C. decided	D. coincided
26. A. designed	B. preserved	C. sawed	D. guided
27. A. stops	 B. climbs	C. pulls	D. televisions
28. A. cats	B. tapes	C. rides	D. cooks	
29. A. agreed	B. missed	C. liked	D. watched
30. A. measured	B. pleased	C. distinguished	D. managed
31. A. practised	B. amused	C. advertised	D. annoyed
32. A. embarrassed	B. astonished	C. surprised	D. decreased
33. A. walks	B. begins	C. helps	D. cuts
34. A. shoots	B. grounds	C. concentrates	D. forests
35. A. practiced	B. raised	C. rained	D. followed
36. A. concealed	B. fined	C. resembled	D. resisted
37. A. tells	B. talks	C. stays	D. steals
38. A. hours	B. fathers	C. dreams	D. thinks
39. A. laughed	B. ploughed	C. coughed	D. disliked
40. A. imagined	B. punished	C. diseased	D. determined
41. A. examined	B. released	C. serviced	D. ceased
42. A. diseases	B. pleases	C. loses	D. releases
43. A. bushes	B. buses	C. lorries	D. charges
44. A. expelled	B. dismissed	C. encountered	D. returned
45. A. biscuits	B. magazines	C. newspapers	D. vegetables
46. A. filled	B. landed	C. suited	D. crooked 
47. A. chased	B. wished	C. pursued	D. thanked
48. A. beds	B. doors	C. plays	D. students
49. A. preferred	B. worked	C. fixed	D. fetched
50. A. completes	B. engines	C. taxis	D. ferries
51. A. difficulties	B. enriches	C. classes	D. enlarges	
52 A. characters	B. problems	C. retreats	D. universities
53. A. shipped	B. hitchhiked	C. traced	D. repainted
54. A. caused	B. promised	C. kissed	D. discussed
55. A. listened	B. burgled	C. robbed	D. chatted
56. A. gossiped	B. rumoured	C. remembered	D. threatened
57. A. passes	B. challenges	C. sexes	D. tomatoes
58. A. arms	B. suits	C. chairs	D. boards
59. A. worried	B. bored	C. disappointed	D. annoyed
60. A. licks	B. risks	C. leans	D. drops
61. A. supposedly	B. rubbed	C. played	D. believed
62. A. relieves	B. invents	C. buys	D. deals
63. A. comes	B. rolls	C. takes	D. drives
64. A. recognized	B. organized	C. pronounced	D. denied
65. A. dreams	B. heals	C. kills	D. tasks
 PRONUNCIATION
Exercise1
1. A. proofs	B. books	C. points	D. days
2. A. asks	B. breathes	C. breaths	D. hopes
3. A. sees	B. sports	C. pools	D. trains
4. A. tombs	B. lamps	C. brakes	D. invites
5. A. books	B. floors	C. combs	D. drums
6. A. cats	B. tapes	C. rides	D. cooks	
7. A. walks	B. begins	C. helps	D. cuts
8. A. shoots	B. grounds	C. concentrates	D. forests
9. A. helps	B. laughs	C. cooks	D. finds
10. A. hours	B. fathers	C. dreams	D. thinks
11. A. beds	B. doors	C. plays	D. students
12. A. arms	B. suits	C. chairs	D. boards
13. A. boxes	B. classes	C. potatoes	D. finishes
14. A. relieves	B. invents	C. buys	D. deals
15. A. dreams	B. heals	C. kills	D. tasks
16. A. resources 	B. stages 	C. preserves 	D. focuses
17. A. carriages 	B. whistles 	C. assures 	D. costumes
18. A. offers 	B. mounts 	C. pollens 	D. swords
19. A. miles 	B. words 	C. accidents 	D. names
20. A. sports 	B. households 	C. minds	D. Plays
Exercise2
1. A. worked	B. stopped	C. forced	D. wanted
2. A. kissed	B. helped	C. forced	D. raised
3. A. confused	B. faced	C. cried	D. defined
4. A. devoted	B. suggested	C. provided	D. wished
5. A. catched	B. crashed	C. occupied	D. coughed
6. A. agreed	B. missed	C. liked	D. watched
7. A. measured	B. pleased	C. distinguished	D. managed
8. A. wounded	B. routed	C. wasted	D. risked
9. A. imprisoned	B. pointed	 	C. shouted	D. surrounded
10. A. a.failed	B. reached 	C. absored 	D. solved
11. A. invited 	B. attended 	C. celebrated 	D. díplayed
12. A removed 	B. washed 	C. hoped 	D. missed
13. A. looked 	B. laughed 	C. moved 	D.stepped
14. A. wanted 	B.parked 	C. stopped 	D.watched
15. A. laughed 	B. passed 	C. suggested 	D. placed
16. A.believed 	B. prepared 	C. involved 	D. liked
17. A.lifted 	B. lasted 	C. happened 	D. decided
18. A. collected 	B. changed 	C. formed 	D. viewed
19. A. walked 	B. entertained 	C. reached 	D. looked
20. A.admired 	B. looked 	C. missed 	D. Hoped
Exercise3
1. a. pollute	B. contractual	C. reject	D. marvellous
2. A. mechanic	B. military	C. apologize	D. miraculous
3. A. compulsory	B. intensity	C. kidding	D. invaluable
4. A. nursery	B. focus	C. delicate	D. secure
5. A. curriculum	B. kindergarten	C. contaminate	D. conventional
6. A. apology	B. industrial	C. industry	D. disaster
7. A. interview	B. certificate	C. applicant	D. primary 
8. A. certificate	B. apartment	C. individual	D. biology
9. A. scientific	B. availlable	C. suspicious	D. supportive 
10. A. especially	B. comfortably	C. carefully	D. possibly
11. A. importance	B. subtraction	C. algebra	D. example
12. A. aspect	B. careful	C. require	D. successful
13. A. terrific	B. applicant	C. banking	D. ignorant
14. A. recognize	B. challenge	C. symbolize	D. continue
15. A. continent	B. belong	C. master	D. access
16. A. appalling	B. ashamed	C. November	D. architect
17. A. policeman	B. cinema	C. overcoat	D. politics
18. A. competition	B. intelligent	C. automation	D. information
19. A. accountant	B. Arabic	C. Germany	D. chemistry
20. A. Attention	B. interesting	C. Influence	D. television
II. BÀI TẬP (tenses)
1. Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D):
1) He ____ for London one year ago.
	A. left	B. has left	C. leaves	D. had left
2) She ____ in Hue for twenty years.
	A. lives	B. has lived	C. lived	D. will live
3) I ____ to the market with my mother yesterday.
	A. go	B. went	C. have gone	D. was going
4) What ____ you ____, Nam? – I’m thinking of my mother.
	A. do/think	B. are/thinking	C. have/thought	D. were/thinking
5) How long ____ you ____ her? – For five months.
	A. do/know	B. are/knowing	C. have/known	D. had/known
6) I usually ____ to school by bus.
	A. went	B. am going	C. go	D. have gone
7) Yesterday morning I ____ up at 6.30.
	A. got	B. get	C. was getting	D. had got
8) Please don’t make so much noise. I ____.
	A. studying	B. study	C. am studying	D. studied
9) Water ____ at 100 degrees Celsius.
	A. boils	B. boiled	C. is boiling	D. will boil
10) It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago. So it ____ for two hours.
	A. rains	B. is raining	C. has rained	D. rained
11) ____ you ____ out last night?
	A. Did/go	B. Do/go	C. Have/gone	D. Were/going
12) This house ____ 35,000 pounds in 1980.
	A. costs	B. cost	C. had cost	D. was cost
13) While Tom ____ tennis, Ann ____ a shower.
	A. played/took	B. playing/taking	
	C. was playing/was taking	D. was play/was take
14) Mike is playing chess. How long ____ he ____?
	A. did/play	B. is/playing	C. has/play	D. has/been playing
15) When they ____ in the garden, the phone ____. 
	A. worked/was ringing	B. were working/rang	C. worked/rang	D. work/rings
16) After they ____ their breakfast, they ____ shopping yesterday.
	A. have/go	B. had had/go	C. had/had gone 	D. had had/went
17) They ____ tea when the doorbell ____.
	A. have/is ringing	B. were having/rang	C. had had/ rang	D. having/ringing
18) Father ____ his pipe while mother ____ a magazine.
	A. smoked/read	B. had smoked/read	
	C. was smoking/was reading	D. smoking/reading
19) When I ____ into the office, my boss ____ for me. 
	A. came/was waiting	B. was coming/waited	C. had come/waited 	D. came/waiting
20) When I ____ Brian, he ____ a taxi.
	A. see/drives	B. see/was driving	C. saw/was driving 	D. saw/is driving
21) When he ____, we ____ dinner.
	A. arrived/having	B. arrived/were having	C. was arriving/had	D. had arrived/had	
22) While they ____ chess, we ____ the shopping. 
	A. playing/doing	B. were playing/doing	
	C. played/did 	D. were playing/were doing
23) They ____ football when the lights in the stadium ____ out. 
	A. were playing/went	B. played/was going	
	C. were playing/ was going 	D. playing/went
24) While George and John ____ their room, she ____ the ironing. 
	A. cleaning/doing	B. were cleaning/was doing 
	C. were cleaning/doing	D. cleaning/was doing
25) Today is Thursday and she ____ late twice this week. She ____ late yesterday and on Monday.
	A. is/was	B. has been/is	C. has been/was	D. has been/had been
26) He ____ in the same house since 1975.
	A. has lived	B. is living	C. lived	D. had lived
27) We ____ him since he ____ married.
	A. didn’t see/got	B. haven’t seen/got	C. don’t/get	D. hadn’t seen/got
28) It ____ for two hours and the ground is too wet to play tennis.
	A. is raining	B. had rained	C. has rained	D. was raining
29) He ____ to HCMC last year and I ____ him since then. 
	A. moved/didn’t see	B. moves/haven’t seen	C. moved/haven’t seen 	D. moved/hadn’t seen
30) We ____ what to do with the money yet.
	A. not decide	B. didn’t decide	C. haven’t decided 	D. hadn’t decided
31) My father ____ as a teacher for thirty years.
	A. works	B. is working	C. worked	D. has worked
32) He ____ to New York three times this year.
	A. had been	B. was	C. has been	D. is
33) I ____ how to dance when I ____ six years old.
	A. don’t know / was	B. didn’t know / am 	C. didn’t know / was 	D. haven’t known/was
34) Last month my brother ____ me his photos. He ____ me his photos every year.
	A. sends/sent 	B. sent/sends	C. sent/sent	D. sends/sends
35) Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he ____ carelessly.
	A. drove	B. had driven	C. drives	D. was driving
36) Do you like swimming, Ba? – I ____ when I was a child but not now.
	A. do	B. did	C. have done	D. had done
37) I ____ her at the school gate yesterday.
	A. met	B. meet	C. had met	D. am meeting
38) She ____ English when she was six years old.
	A. learned	B. has learned	C. is learning	D. had learned
39) I don’t remember where and when I ____ her.
	A. meet	B. had met	C. met	D. have met
40) They ____ to know each other for more than ten years.
	A. get	B. got	C. have got	D. had got
41) ____ you ____ that film yet?
	A. Do/see	B. Have/seen	C. Did/see	D. Had/seen
42) I ____ the film with my friends last week.
	A. watched	B. watch	C. have watched 	D. had watched
43) He ____ up at five every morning.
	A. is getting	B. got	C. gets	D. was getting
44) ____ she ____ in Hue at the moment?
	A. Does/live	B. Is/living	C. Did/live	D. Was/living
45) He usually ____ her at weekend but now he ____ in bed because of his severe illness.
	A. visits/stays 	B. visits/staying	C. visited/stays	D. visits/is staying
46) Don’t make noise, children! Parents ____.
	A. sleep	B. are sleeping	C. were sleeping 	D. slept
47) Why ____ you often ____ so much noise in the house?
	A. do/make	B. did/make	C. are/making	D. were/making
48) What ____ he ____ before you came?
	A. does/do	B. had/do	C. had/done	D. has/done
49) While mum was watching TV, I ____ my homework.
	A. am doing	B. was doing	C. had done	D. has done
50) At this time yesterday I ____ to music.
	A. listened	B. had listened	C. was listening	D. am listening
SEQUENCE OF TENSES (Sự hòa hợp giữ các thì)
1. Sự phối hợp của động từ trong mệnh đề chính (main clause) và mệnh đề phụ (subordinate clause)
Main clause
Subordinate clause
1. Simple present
- Simple present
- Present perfect
- Present continuous
- Simple future/ Near future
- Simple past (có thời gian xác định ở quá khứ)
2. Simple past
- Simple past
- Past perfect
- Past continuous
- Would/ was / were+ going to + V bare infi.
- Simple present (diễn tả một chân lý)
3. Present perfect
- Simple present
4. Past perfect
- Simple past
Eg: 1. People have said that Lon Lon has fog
 2. Mary said that she was cooking them
 3. He says he was born in 1980
 4. Tom says he will visit me again.
2. Sự phối hợp của các động từ trong mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (adverbial clause of time):
Main clause
Adverbial clause of time
1. Present tenses 
- Present tenses 
2. Past tenses
- Past tenses
3. Future tenses
- Present tenses
Eg: 1. You will go home as soon as you have finished your exercises.
 2. When I came there, it was raining hard.
 3. I often drink coffee while I am watching TV.
 4. Please wait here until I come back.
 5. He never goes home before he has finished his work.
 6. It was raining hard when I got there.
 7. I had just come when you called.
* Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thường bắt đầu với các từ nối sau: 
- When / as: Khi - as soon as: Ngay sau khi - as long a: chứng nào - just as: Ngay khi
- Until/ till: Cho đến khi - since: kể từ khi - while: trong khi - whenever: bất cứ khi nào
- before: trước khi - after: sau khi - no sooner . than: ngay khi - hardly  when: khó khi
- By the time: vào lúc 
* Note:
- Không được dùng thì tương lai (Future tense) trong các mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (có thể thay bằng thì hiện tại)
 Eg: If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.
- Trong trường hợp dùng từ nối “SINCE” chú ý:
 S +V ( present perfect/ present perfect cont.) + Since + S + Ved.
 Eg: You have been studying English since you came here.
EXERCISES:
Exercise 1: Choose the most correct answer:
He said that he ____ a lot of money on advertising to expand his business. 
	A. spends B. has spent	C. spending	D. had spent
The train _____ when we got to the station.
	A. just left B. just leaves C. had just left D. will leave
Tom told me he _____ call me at the airport when I ______. 
	A. would/ arrived B. will/ arrive C. will have/ arriving D. would be/ arriving
At this time tomorrow, we ____ our final exam.
	A. will have taking B. will be taking C. will be taken D. would take
-____ before? – Yes, I ____ my holidays here last year.
	A. have you ever been / spent 	B. have you ever been / spend
	C. Did you ever be / spending 	D. were you ever / spend
______ I was working in the garden, John was repairing the washing machine. 
	A. as soon as B. because of C. while	D. until
Peter said he _____ a test the following day. 
	A. had had B. will have	C. has had D. would have
After she _____ at the hospital for 2 years, she_____ to give up the job yesterday.
	A. had been working/ decides 	B. had been working/ decided
 	C. working / had decided	D. is working/ will decide
Tom _____ before we arrive there.
	A. has left B. had left	C. will leave D. leaves
 In 1970, the Canadian scientist George Kelly ______ that warm water _____ more quickly than cold water.
	A. prove/freeze B. proves / breezed C. proving / freezing D. proved/freezes
 After we _____ our work, we ____ for lunch.
	A. having finish/ went 	 B. have finished/ went 
 C. had finished/went D. having finish/ going
 After _____ Tom was apprenticed to learn a trade.
	A. leave B. leaves	 C. left	D. leaving
 They were in a hurry because they thought that the class _____.
	A. have already begun 	 B. have already begun	C. was begun D. will begin
 – Why have they demolished that old building? – They ____ a new supermarket there.
	A. had built B. were building C. are going to build D. would be built
 When I’m learning English, sometimes I ____ the accent.
	A. will be confused about	 B. was confused about 
 C. had be confused about D. am confused about
 After he _____ his English course, he went to England to continue his study.
	A. will finish B. has finished C. had finished D. will have finished
 They ____ a lot of preparation before the match started.
	A. has made B. had made C. will be made D. are making
 I____ in the US for one year, but I still find it difficult to communicate with the American.
	A. am B. was	 C. have been	 D. had been
American women may ____ conversations with men or even ___ them to dance.
	A. to start/ to ask	B. start/ ask 
 C. starting / asking D. started/ asked
 After ______ the doctor found that he ____ his arm.
	A. to examine/ breaks	B. to examine/ broke 
	C. examining/ broken 	D. examining/had broken
 As soon as she arrived in London, she found that the English people spoke English differently from what she _____.
	A. will learn B. is learning C. has been learning D. had learnt
 How____ since we____ school?
	A. are you/ left	B. will you be / left
	C. have you been/ had left	 	D. have you been/ left
 Before cars_______ , people ____ horses and bicycles.
	A. were discovered/ had used B. discovering/ use
	C. is discovered/ using	 D. have been discovered / have been using
 Don’t go anywhere until I _____ back.
	A. come	B. will come	C. have come	 D. came
 I _____ the book by the time you come tonight. 
	A. will be finishing	B. finished C have finishing D. will have finished
 Who ______ when I came ?
	A. were you talking to B. are you talking to C. you were talking to D. you are talking to 
 Please send us a postcard as soon as you _______in London.
	A. will arrive 	B. is going to arrive C. arrive 	 D. arrived
 I will give you this book ______ I met you tomorrow.
	A. when 	B. until C. since	 D. for
 Jane _____ her house all the morning before the guest arrived.
	A. is cleaning	B. was cleaning C. has been cleaning D. had been cleaning
 We ______ for going home when it began to rain.
	A. are preparing	B. were preparing C. will be preparing D. have prepared
 Tom said everything ______ ready when the match ______.
	A. will be/ starts	B. would be/ started C. is / started D. will be/ started
 I _____ in the waiting room when I heard someone_____ me.
	A. am sitting/ to call 	B. was sitting/ call C. am sitting/ called D. have sat / called
 At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning, we_____ our final test.
	A. will take	B. will be taking C. has been taking D. would be taking
 Our grandfather____ as an engineer for 30 years be fore he retired in 1980.
	A. worked	B. was working C. has been working D. had been working
 Up to now, the pollution problems yet.
	A. haven’t solved	B. are not solving C. hadn’t solved D. will not have solved
 Miss Hoa always takes her umbrella when she _____ to school.
	A. has gone	B. goes	C. is going	D. will go
 Never talk to the driver while he ______.
	A. will be driving	B. will drive	C. drives	D. is driving
 I’ll tell you it is good or not after I ____it.
	A. try	B. am trying	C. have tried	D. will try
 I’ll marry her as soon as she _____ all her problems.
 	A. solves	B. has solved	C. had solved D. solve
 I’ll wait until you ____crying.
	A. have stopped	B. will stop	C. stop D. stopped
 I bought Romano whenever I ____ Maximart.
	A. had gone	B. has gone	C. went D. would go
 My son was sleeping when I ______ home.
	A. went	B. has gone	C. had gone D. would go
 I was compiling this book while my son ____.
	A. slept 	B. would sleep	C. had slept D. was sleeping 
 Lan has learnt English since she ____ a small girl.
	A. has been	B. had been	C. was	D. would be
 She won’t get married until she _____ 25 years old.
	A. is 	B. will be	C. had been	D. was
 After ______ , he went to bed.
	A. had done his homeworkv	B. have done his homework	
	C. being done his homework	D. doing his homework
Yesterday when I _____ at the station, the train _______ for 15 minutes.
	A. arrived/ had left	B. arrives/ has left C. arrived/ left D. had arrived/ left
 When we _____ there _____ people ______ calmly.
	A. got/ are waiting	B. got/ were waiting	C. got/ waited	D. get/ wait 
 While I ____ in the street, I saw my old friend.
	A. was walking	B. am walking	C. walk	D. walked
 What do you think the children _____ when we get home?
	A. would do	B. do	C. were doing	D. are doing
 I’ll read the book when I _____ time.
	A. have 	B. had	C. will have D. would have
 The house was quiet when I _____ home. Everyone _____ to bed.
	A. got/ went B. got/ had gone C. had got / went D. was getting/ was going
 I ______ her since I _____ a student.
	A. know/ am	B. knew/ was C. have known/ am D. have known/ was
 While I was going to school yesterday, I ____ him.
	A. meet 	B. met C. will meet D. am meeting
 Alice _____ for Washington as soon as she had finished her exam.
	A. will leave	B. would leave	C. leaves	D. left
 He died after he ______ ill for a long time.
	A. was	B. had been 	C. has been 	D. is
 I _______ home until I finish my lesson.
	A. haven’t come	B. don’t come	C. didn’t come D. won’t come
 The manager ______ the store before I arrived.
	A. closed	B. had closed	C. has closed D. was closing
 When the alarm rang, Hai ______ out of bed quickly.
	A. was jumping 	B. has jumped 	C. had jumped 	D. jumped
 When we see Mr. Minh tomorrow, I ____ him of that.
 	A. will remind	B. remind	C. have reminded	D. reminded
Exercise 3: Use the correct tense of verbs in brackets:
1. You may begin when you (be). ready.
2. She sai