Tài liệu ôn tập chương trình lớp 12 môn Tiếng Anh theo từng unit chương trình thí điểm

 TÀI LIỆU ƠN TẬP CHƯƠNG TRÌNH LỚP 12 THEO TỪNG UNIT
CHƯƠNG TRÌNH THÍ ĐIỂM
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
 Name :..
 Class : 12/
PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM)
	PHÁT ÂM (PRONUNCIATION) : CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –ED
Từ tận cùng là
Thường phát âm là
Thêm –ED đọc là
Ví dụ
-d, -de
/ d /
/ id /
Decided, needed
-t, -te
/ t /
Wanted, dedicated
-k, -ke
/ k /
/ t /
Looked, caked, 
-gh, -ph
/ f /
Laughed, paragraphed
-x, -s, -ce, -se
/ s /
Mixed, missed, pronounced
-p, -pe
/ p /
Dropped, developed, roped
-sh
/ ∫ /
Established, finished
-ch
/ ʧ /
Scratched, stretched
b,g,l,n.z,v,m,r hoặcbất cứ nguyên âm nao
/ d /
Used (v), prepared, cleaned
 	PHÁT ÂM (PRONUNCIATION) : CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –ES/S
Từ tận cùng là
Thường phát âm là
Thêm –S/ES đọc là
Ví dụ
-p, -pe
/ p /
/ s /
Stops, hopes, develops, copes
-t, -te
/ t /
Bats , hats, hates, writes
-k, -ke
/ k /
Books, looks, breaks, makes 
-gh, -ph,f
/ f /
Laughs, photographs
-th
/ θ /
Lengths, deaths
-x, -s, -ce, -se
/ s /
/ iz /
Boxes, kisses, pieces, houses 
-se
/ z /
Uses (v), browses
-sh
/ ∫ /
Washes, smashes
-ge
/ dz /
Languages, bridges, ranges
-ch
/ ʧ /
Watches, matches, catches
-b,d,g,l,m,n,r,v hoặc các ng.âm
/ z /
Pens, tables, disappears
	MỘT VÀI QUY TẮC VỀ TRỌNG ÂM (STRESS)
Quy tắc
Ví dụ
Ngoại lệ
1. Từ cĩ 2 vần:
- Thường nhấn ở vần đầu
- Danh từ hoặc tính từ: nhấn ở vần đầu
- Động từ: nhấn ở vần cuối
Candy, really, active, carrot
Dictate, present, export, rebel
Dictate, present, export, rebel
Cadec, divine, possess, guitar, patrol, manure
2. Các từ tận cùng là: IC, ION, IA, IAL, IAN, IAR, IENCE, IENCY, IENT, IANCE, IUM, IOUS, EOUS, UOUS, trọng âm thường đặt ngay trước những âm này
Economic, revision, colonial, magnesia, musician, familiar, experience, efficient, allegiance, gymnasium, abstemious, continuous
Arithmetic, heretic, appliance, reliance, defiance
3. Các từ tận cùng là: OUS, ATE, TUDE, ITY, ETY, AL, LOGY, GRAPHY, METRY, NOMY, CY trọng âm thường từ âm thứ 3 từ sau ra trước.
Adventurous, considerate, altitude, capacity, variety, mechanical, astrology, photography, calorimetry, antinomy, democracy
Incarnate, disastrous
4. Các từ tận cùng là: ADE, EE, ESE, EER, OO, OON, ETTE, ESQUE, trọng âm thường nhấn ở vần cuối. 
Charade, referee, Vietnamese, engineer, taboo, balloon, cigarette, burlesque
Centigrade, committee, overseer
5. Danh từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu
Blackbird, greenhouse
6. Tính từ kép, động từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai
Bad-tempered, old-fashioned understand, overflow
TENSES 
 Thì
Dạng
SIMPLE PRESENT
(Hiện Tại đơn)
SIMPLE PAST
(Quá Khứ đơn)
Khẳng định
S + V[-s/es]/ be ( am/ is / are )
S + V-ed/2
Phủ định
S + don’t / doesn’t + V(inf)
S + didn’t + V(inf)
Nghi vấn
Do / Does + S + V(inf) ?
Did + S + V(inf) ?
Bị động
am / is / are + V-ed/3
was / were + V-ed/3
Nhận biết
- always, usually, occasionally, often, 
- every : every day, every year
- once, twice, 3 timesa week
- yesterday ;- in the past; in 1990
- last : last week, last Sunday
- ago : two months ago, five years ago
 Thì
Dạng
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(Hiện Tại tiếp diễn)
PAST CONTINUOUS
(Quá Khứ tiếp diễn)
Khẳng định
S + am / is / are + V-ing
S + was / were + V-ing
Phủ định
S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing
S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing
Nghi vấn
Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing ?
Was / Were + S + V-ing ?
Bị động
am / is / are + being + V-ed/3
was / were + being + V-ed/3
Nhận biết
- now, at present- at the / this moment
 Keep silent! The baby is sleeping
*­Note: khơng dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác như: be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, , feel, think, smell, love, realize, seem, have remember, forget và have to , belong to 
- At that moment/ At this time yesterday/ At 3 o’clock yesterday
- When : simple past/ past continuous
 When I came, she was crying.
He came when I was watching TV.
While /As :While/ As S + was/were + V-ing 
 A dog crossed the road while I was driving.
 Thì
Dạng
PRESENT PERFECT
(Hiện Tại hồn thành)
PAST PERFECT
(Qúa Khứ hồn thành)
Khẳng định
S + has / have + V-ed/3
S + had + V-ed/3
Phủ định
S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/3
S + hadn’t + V-ed/3
Nghi vấn
Has / Have + S + V-ed/3 ?
Had + S + V-ed/3?
Bị động
has / have + been + V-ed/3
had been + V-ed/3
Nhận biết
- just, already, ever, yet, recently, lately,never, before,This is the first time.., ,once, twice,3 times, many times
- since, for : since 1995, for 9 years
- so far, up to now , up to present 
S + had + PP before + S + V2 / V-ed
S + V2/ V-ed + after + S + had + PP
 S + had + PP when S + V2/ V-ed 
 When S + had + PP , S + V2 / V-ed
 As soon as S + had + PP , S + V2/ V-ed 
 Thì
Dạng
SIMPLE FUTURE
(Tương Lai đơn)
FUTURE PERFECT
(Tương Lai hồn thành)
Khẳng định
S + will + V (inf)
S + will have+ V-ed/3
Phủ định
S + won’t + V (inf)
S + won’t have + V-ed/3
Nghi vấn
Will + S + V (inf)?
Will + S + have + V-ed/3?
Bị động
will be + V-ed/3
will be + V-ed/3
Nhận biết
-tomorrow-/ in the future- next. : next week
Chú ý: khơng dùng will sau các liên từ chỉ thgian: before, after, as soon as, by the time, when,.
- by the end of this month
- by + (simple present)
I will have finished my work by next month
BẢNG ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC
STT
Infinitive/V_1
(Nguyên mẫu)
Past/V_2
(Quá khứ đơn)
Past Participle/V_3
Meaning/Nghĩa
1
be 
was/were 
been 
thì, là, ở
2
become 
became 
become 
trở nên
3
begin 
began 
begun 
bắt đầu
4
bleed 
bled 
bled 
chảy máu
5
blow 
blew 
blown 
thổi
6
break 
broke 
broken 
vỡ, gãy
7
bring 
brought 
brought 
mang đến
8
build 
built 
built 
xây dựng
9
burn 
burnt/burned 
burnt/burned 
đốt, cháy
10
buy 
bought 
bought 
mua
11
catch 
caught 
caught 
bắt, chụp
12
choose 
chose 
chosen 
chọn, lựa
13
come 
came 
come 
đến, đi đến
14
cost 
cost 
cost 
cĩ giá là
15
cut 
cut 
cut 
cắt, chặt
16
do
did
done
làm
17
draw 
drew 
drawn 
vẽ; kéo
18
dream 
dreamt/ dreamed 
dreamt/ dreamed 
mơ thấy
19
drink 
drank 
drunk 
uống
20
drive 
drove 
driven 
lái xe
21
eat 
ate 
eaten 
ăn
22
fall 
fell 
fallen 
ngã; rơi
23
feed 
fed 
fed 
cho ăn; ăn; nuơi;
24
feel 
felt 
felt 
cảm thấy
25
find 
found 
found 
tìm thấy; thấy
26
fly 
flew 
flown 
bay
27
forget 
forgot 
forgotten 
quên
28
get 
got 
got/ gotten 
cĩ được
29
give 
gave 
given 
cho
30
go 
went 
gone 
đi
31
grow 
grew 
grown 
mọc; trồng
32
have
had
had
cĩ, ăn
33
hear 
heard 
heard 
nghe
34
hurt 
hurt 
hurt 
làm đau
35
keep 
kept 
kept 
giữ
36
know 
knew 
known 
biết; quen biết
37
learn 
learnt/ learned 
learnt/ learned 
học; được biết
38
leave 
left 
left 
ra đi; để lại
39
lend 
lent 
lent 
cho mượn (vay)
40
lose 
lost 
lost 
làm mất; mất
41
make 
made 
made 
Làm, chế tạo; sản xuất
42
meet 
met 
met 
gặp mặt
43
pay 
paid 
paid 
trả (tiền)
44
put 
put 
put 
đặt; để
45
read 
read 
read 
đọc
46
ride 
rode 
ridden 
cưỡi
47
ring 
rang 
rung 
rung chuơng
48
rise 
rose 
risen 
đứng dậy; mọc
49
run 
ran 
run 
chạy
50
say 
said 
said 
nĩi
51
see 
saw 
seen 
nhìn thấy
52
sell 
sold 
sold 
bán
53
send 
sent 
sent 
gửi
54
shake 
shook 
shaken 
lay; lắc
55
show 
showed 
shown/ showed 
cho xem
56
sing 
sang 
sung 
ca hát
57
sit 
sat 
sat 
ngồi
58
sleep 
slept 
slept 
ngủ
59
smell 
smelt 
smelt 
ngửi
60
speak
spoke
spoken
nĩi
61
spell 
spelt/ spelled 
spelt/ spelled 
đánh vần
62
spend 
spent 
spent 
tiêu sài
63
stand 
stood 
stood 
đứng
64
sweep 
swept 
swept 
quét
65
swim 
swam 
swum 
bơi; lội
66
take 
took 
taken 
cầm; lấy; mang
67
teach 
taught 
taught 
dạy; giảng dạy
68
tell 
told 
told 
kể; bảo
69
think 
thought 
thought 
suy nghĩ
70
throw 
threw 
thrown 
ném; liệng
71
understand 
understood 
understood 
hiểu
72
wear 
wore 
worn 
mặc quần áo
73
win 
won 
won 
thắng; chiến thắng
74
write 
wrote 
written 
viết
PRONUNCIATION
Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others
 Pronouncing - ED endings (động từ cĩ quy tắc thì quá khứ đơn)
Phát âm là /ɪd/ khi đồng từ tận cùng bằng hai phụ âm /t/, /d/
 Phát âm là /t/ khi động từ tận cùng bằng các phụ âm vơ thanh /k/ ,/s/,/ʃ/, /p/, /tʃ/, /f/ ( Đọc là Khi Sang Shơng Phải Chờ Fà )
Phát âm là /d/ khi động từ tận cùng bằng các phụ âm các nguyên âm cịn lại ( Phụ âm hữu thanh /b/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/, /ð/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ, /l/, /r/ )
Note :- closed / d/, raised / d/ 
Cách đọc tính từ cĩ hậu tố là -ED:
Naked
adj
/ ˈneɪkɪd/
Khỏa thân
They found him half naked and bleeding to death
Learned
adj
/ˈlɜːrnɪd/
Học thức cao
Mr.John is a learned professor at my university
Beloved
adj
/bɪˈlʌvɪd/
Yêu thương
I have read the novel "Beloved Oxford" 
so many times
Aged
adj
/ˈeɪdʒɪd/
Rất già
My grandmother is aged
Blessed
adj
/ˈblesɪd/
May mắn
He is really a blessed man
Dogged
adj
/ ˈdɔːɡɪd/
kiên trì, bền bỉ
It's dogged that does it
Crooked
adj
/ˈkrʊkɪd/
quanh co, khúc khuỷu
This road is very crooked
Ragged
adj
/ˈrỉɡɪd/
xơ xác, tả tơi
There is a man sitting over there in a ragged jacket
Rugged
adj
/ˈrʌɡɪd/
xù xì, gồ ghề
The countryside around here is very rugged
Cursed
adj
/ˈkɜːrsɪd/
tức giận, khĩ chịu
She seemed to be cursed because of waiting for me too long
Sacred
adj
/ˈseɪkrɪd/
thiên liêng, trân trọng
Human life must always be sacred
Wicked
adj
/ˈwɪkɪd/
xấu xa, độc ác
That was very wicked of you
Wretched
adj
/ˈretʃɪd/
khốn khổ, bất hạnh
She doesn't want to lead a wretched existence in the slums
One/two/four-legged
adj
/...-ˈleɡɪd/
1/2/4 chân
Cats are four-legged animals
A. failed	B. reached	C. absorbed	D. solved
A. invited 	B. attended 	C. celebrated	D. displayed
A. removed 	B. washed 	C. hoped 	D. missed
A. looked 	B. laughed 	C. moved 	D. stepped
A. wanted 	B. parked 	C. stopped 	D. watched
A. laughed	B. passed 	C. suggested 	D. placed
A. believed 	B. prepared 	C. involved 	D. liked
A. lifted	B. lasted 	C. happened 	D. decided
A. collected 	B. changed 	C. formed 	D. viewed
A. walked 	B. entertained 	C. reached 	D. looked
A. watched 	B. stopped 	C. pushed 	D. improved
A. admired	B. looked 	C. missed 	D. hoped
A. proved	B. changed	C. pointed	D. played
A. helped	B. laughed	C. cooked	D. intended
A. smoked 	B. followed 	C. titled 	D. implied
A. coughed 	B. phoned 	C. booked 	D. stopped
A. talked 	B. looked 	C. naked 	D. worked
A. developed 	B. ignored 	C. laughed 	D. washed
A. phoned 	B. stated 	C. mended 	D. old-aged
A. clapped 	B. attracted 	C. lifted 	D. needed
Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others
Pronouncing -s/ -es endings
Phát âm là /s/ khi từ tận cùng bằng các phụ âm vơ thanh: /p/,/k/, /f/,/θ/,/t/.
 ( đọc là Phở Khơng Fải THêm Thịt GHà ( gh, ph à/ f / )
Phát âm là /ɪz/ khi từ tận cùng bằng các phụ âm giĩ /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/ 
( ces, ses, shes, xes , ches, sses ,ges)
Phát âm là /z/ khi từ tận cùng bằng ( Những phụ âm và nguyên âm cịn lại (các phụ âm hữu thanh /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /ð/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ, /l/, /r/ và các nguyên âm )
A. proofs	B. books	C. points	D. days
A. helps	B. laughs	C. cooks	D. finds
A. neighbors 	B. friends 	C. relatives 	D. photographs
A. snacks 	B. follows 	C. titles 	D. writers
A. streets 	B. phones 	C. books 	D. makes
A. cities 	B. satellites 	C. series 	D. workers
A. develops 	B. takes 	C. laughs 	D. volumes
A. phones 	B. streets 	C. books 	D. makes
A. proofs 	B. regions 	C. lifts 	D. rocks
A. involves 	B. believes 	C. suggests 	D. steals
A. remembers 	B. cooks	C. walls 	D. pyramids
A. miles 	B. words 	C. accidents 	D. names
A. sports 	B. plays 	C. chores 	D. minds
A. nations	B. speakers	C. languages	D. minds
A. proofs	B. looks	C. lends	D. stops
A. dates	B. bags	C. photographs	D. speaks
A. parents	B. brothers	C. weekends	D. feelings
A. chores	B. dishes	C. houses	D. coaches
A. works	B. shops	C. shifts	D. plays
A. coughs	B. sings	C. stops	D. sleeps
TENSE
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
He has lived here since he ________ here. 
	A. came	B. has came	C. comes	D. come
John________ as a journalist since he ________ from university in 2000. 
	A. is working / graduate 	B. worked / graduated 	
	C. had worked / will be graduate 	D. has been working / graduated 
He does not save as much money as he________ last year. 
	A. did 	B. does 	C. uses 	D. did used 
She has not written to me________ we met last time. 
	A. before 	B. since 	C. ago 	D. meanwhile 
The police ________ for the thieves at the moment. 
	A. have been looking 	B. will be looking 	C. are looking 	D. is looking 
Put the raincoat on. It________. 
	A. had rained 	B. will be raining 	C. is raining 	D. has rained 
Since motion pictures________ we have had a new kind of entertainment. 
	A. were invented 	B. have been invented 	
	C. will have been invented 	D. had been invented 	
There________ a lot of furniture in our uncle's house now. 
	A. is being 	B. were 	C. are 	D. is 
Mr. Jones sometimes________ on time for work. 
	A. does not get up 	B. is not going to get up	C. had not got up 	D. won't get up
He ________ for twenty years before he retired last year
	A. had been teaching	 B. has taught	C. was teaching	D. has been teaching
Each of you ________ a share in the work
	A. have 	B. having	C. has	D. going to have
How many times________ them so far?
	A. have you seen	B. did you see	C. were you seeing	D. had you seen
Please send our regards to Tom as soon as you ________ in New York. 
	A. will arrive	B. is going to arrive	C. arrive	D. arrived
By the time the ambulance approached, the man________. 
	A. would die	B. had died	C. died	D. dies
We________ for going home when it began to rain
	A. has prepared	B. are preparing	C. will be preparing	D. were preparing
I haven’t seen him for months. 
	A. It’s months since I last saw him	B. It’s months when I last saw him	
	C. It’s months before I last saw him	D. It’s months after I last saw him
Tim________ his hair while I ________ up the kitchen
	A. washed-was cleaned	B. was washing-was cleaning	
	C. was washing-cleaned	D. washed-cleaned
Working for 12 hours a day ________ her very tired. 
	A. makes 	B. made	C. make	D. making
I am so happy to hear from Mary because I haven’t seen her ________ last year. 
	A. for 	B. on 	C. since	D. later
As she ________ a letter last night, the lights suddenly ________ out. 
	A. was writing/ went	B. wrote/ went	
	C. was writing/ was going	D. writes/ went
How ________ since we ________ school?
	A. are you/ left	B. will you be/ had left	
	C. have you been/ had left	D. have you been / left
I ________ my uncle’s home many times when I ________ a child. 
	A. visited/ is	B. visits/ was 	C. visited/ was	D. visited/ were
It ________ me half an hour to get to the supermarket yesterday. 
	A. take	B. takes	C. took	D. spent
If I were you, I ________ him as my nephew. 
	A. will treat	B. would treat	C. will have treated	D. am treating
I can’t believe that my expensive bicycle ________ last night. 
	A. was stolen	B. was stealing 	C. is stolen 	D. stole
I ________ here for more than 10 years. 
	A. have taught	B. taught	C. teach	D. is teaching 
As I ________ my homework, he came yesterday afternoon. 
	A. did	B. were doing	C. am doing	D. was doing
At this time yesterday, everyone ________. in the room. 
	A. is dancing	B. was dancing	C. dances	D. danced
After Mary________ her degree, she intends to work in her father's company. 
	A. will have finished	B. is finishing 	C. finishes	D. will finish
A small stone struck the windshield while we ________ down the road. 
	A. had been driving 	B. were driving 	C. had driven	D. drive
Mr. Ha is going to the USA for his holiday. He ________ up for nearly a year now. 
	A. has saved 	B. has been saving	C. saves 	D. is saving
The carpet ________. 
	A. hasn’t been cleaned yet. 	B. hasn't cleaned yet. 
	C. have yet been cleaned. 	D. has cleaned. 
He started living here three years ago. 
	A. He lived here three years ago. 	B. He has lived here for three years. 
	C. He had been living here for three years. 	D. He had lived here three years ago. 
Who ________ when I came?
	A. were you talking to	B. are you talking to 	C. you were talking to	D. you are talking to
Please send us a post card as soon as you ________ in London. 
	A. will arrive	B. is going to arrive 	C. arrive 	D. arrived
Now he ________ a book about English. I don’t think he will finish it. 
	A. writes	B. wrote	C. has written	D. is writing
Look! The two boys ________ your window. 
	A. were painting	B. painting	C. are painting	D. have painted
Before he ________ to bed, he ________ his homework. 
	A. went/ has done	B. went/ had done	C. goes/ have done	D. goes/ did
He is the most wonderful person I ________. 
	A. have ever met	B. had ever met	C. ever meet	D. am meeting
Millions of dollars ________ spent on advertising every year. 
	A. is	B. was	C. are	D. were
I haven’t seen him for ages. 
 A. It’s ages since I last saw him. 	B. It’s ages when I last saw him. 
 C. It’s ages before I last saw him. 	D. It’s ages after I last saw him. 
He found a watch in the street, and then he ________ to return it to the loser. 
 	A. had tried	B. was trying	C. had been trying 	D. tried
If he ________ for the revision session, he might have no difficulty doing the test right now. 
	A. had come	B. had to come 	C. is to come 	D. came
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the incorrect part in each of the following questions. 
1. I had ran before you called me. 
 	A 	B 	C 	D
2. I had hidden your wallet before you find it yesterday. 
	A 	B 	C 	D
3. Mary had dug before you plant trees yesterday afternoon. 
	A 	B 	C 	D
4. I had have wonderful love before you appeared in my life. 
	A 	B 	C 	D
5. I had burnt my body before they say good bye to me. 
SUBJUNCTIVE SENTENCE
Câu giả định hay cịn gọi là câu cầu khiến là loại câu khơng cĩ tính chất ép buộc như câu mệnh lệnh, để chỉ mong muốn ai đĩ làm một việc gì đĩ. Sau đây,  một số dạng câu giả định thường gặp như sau:
1.Câu giả định dùng would rather  và that
1.1 Diễn tả sự việc ở hiện tại (present subjunctive):
S1 + would rather that + S2 + [verb in simple form] 
I would rather that you call me tomorrow.
He would rather that I don’t take this train.
1.2 Diển tả sự việc  đối lập với thực tế ở hiện tại
Động từ sau chủ ngữ hai sẽ chia ở simple past, to be phải chia là were ở tất cả các ngơi.
S1 + would rather that + S2 + [verb in simple past tense] 
Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does.
(His girlfriend does not work in the same department)
Jane would rather that it were winter now. (In fact, it is not winter now)
Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định dùng didn’t + verb hoặc were not sau chủ ngữ hai.
Henry would rather that his girlfriend didn’t work in the same department as he does.
Jane would rather that it were not winter now.
1.3. Diễn tả sự việc  trái ngược với thực tế ở quá khứ
S1 + would rather that + S2 + past perfect 
Bob would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday.
(Jill did not go to class yesterday)
Bill would rather that his wife hadn’t divorced him.
Chú ý: Ngữ pháp hiện đại cho phép lược bỏ that trong một số câu giả định dùng would rather
2. Câu giả định dùng với các động từ trong bảng dưới đây
Advise
Demand
Prefer
Require
Ask
Insist
Propose
Stipulate
Command
Move
Recommend
Suggest
Decree
Order
Request
Urge
- Trong câu nhất định phải cĩ that.
- Động từ  sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ to.
Subject1 + verb + that + subject 2+ [verb in simple form] ...
Ví dụ: We urge that he leave now.
Nếu bỏ that đi chủ ngữ 2 sẽ trở thành tân ngữ, động từ trở về dạng nguyên thể cĩ to, câu sẽ mất đi ý nghĩa giả định và trở thành câu bình thường.
Ví dụ:
We urge him to leave now.
Lưu ý : Trong tiếng Anh-Anh (British English), trước động từ nguyên thể bỏto cĩ should. Nhưng trong tiếng Anh -Mỹ (American English) người ta bỏ nĩ đi.
Một số ví dụ
The judge insisted that the jury return a verdict immediately.
The university requires that all its students take this course.
The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking.
Congress has decreed that the gasoline tax be abolished.
We proposed that he take a vacation.
I move that we adjourn until this afternoon.
3. Câu giả định dùng với tính từ
Các tính từ dùng trong câu giả định gồm các tính từ trong bảng dưới đây.
Advised
Necessary
Essential
Vital
Recommended
Urgent
Important
Obligatory
Required
imperative
Mandatory
Proposed
Suggested
Trong cơng thức sau, adjective chỉ định một trong các tính từ cĩ trong bảng trên.
It + be + adjective + that + subject + [verb in simple form ]...(any tense)
Một số ví dụ:
It is necessary that he find the books.
It was urgent that she leave at once.
It has been proposed that we change the topic.
It is important that you remember this question.
It has been suggested that he forget the election.
It was recommended that we wait for the authorities.
Trong một số trường hợp cĩ thể dùng danh từ tương ứng với các tính từ ở trên theo cơng thức sau.
It + be + noun + that + subject + [verb in simple form ]...(any tense)
Ví dụ: It is a recommendation from a doctor that the patient stop smoking.
4. Dùng với một số trường hợp khác
- Câu giả định cịn dùng được trong một số câu cảm thán, thường bao hàm các thế lực siêu nhiên.
Ví dụ:
God save the queen !. Chúa phù hộ cho nữ hồng.
God be with you ! = good bye (khi chia tay nhau)
Curse this frog !: chết tiệt con cĩc này
- Dùng với một số thành ngữ:
Come what may: dù cĩ chuyện gì đi nữa.
Ví dụ:
Come what may we will stand by you.
If need be : nếu cần
Ví dụ:
If need be we can take another road.
- Dùng với  if this be trong trường hợp muốn nêu ra một giả định từ phía người nĩi nhưng khơng thật chắc chắn lắm về khả năng.
Ex : If this be proven right, you would be considered innocent.
5. Câu giả định dùng với it is time
It is time (for smb) to do smth : đã đến lúc phải làm gì. (thời gian vừa vặn, khơng đưa ra giả định)
It is time for me to get to the airport (just in time).
Nhưng:
It is time
It is high time       subject + simple past      (đã đến lúc – giả định thời gian đến trễ một chút)
It is about time
Nhận xét: High/ about được dùng trước time để thêm vào ý nhấn mạnh.
Ví dụ: It’s high time I left for the airport. (it is a little bit late)
Exercise 1: Give the right form of the verbs in brackets
1.He suggested that I ____________ ready by eight o'clock. (to be)
2.We request that she ___________ ____ the window. (to open)
3.They recommended that he __________ _____ to Bermuda. (to fly)
4.The request that we ___ _________ ready to leave at six is a nuisance. (to be)
5.The recommendation that she _________ ___ a holiday was carried out. (to take)
6.It is necessary that you __________ ____ able to come with us. (to be)
7.I wish it (not rain) ..heavily last Sunday.
8.It is important that he __________ _____ everything he can. (to learn)
9.They demand that she __________ ______ the report has been carried out. (to complete)
10.I wish I (know) .something about computers.
11.I wish the traffic (not make) so much noise everyday.
12.It’s high time the children (prepare) ..their lesson. They are watching TV now.
13.If only it (be) .. warm and sunny today. I’m fed up with snow and cold.
14.Everybody was exhausted. It looked as if they (work) .. hard.
15.I’d rather my teacher (give) .. fewer compositions tonight.
16.My neighbors always treat us as if we (be) ..their servants.
17.Nick is quite ready for the exam. It looks as if he (prepare) .. everything.
 Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning :
1.He appears to be running away from your fierce dog.
–> It looks..
2.I would love to be rich and famous.
–> If only.
3.I’d love to be in a secluded beach in Mexico.
–> I wish
4.I really think you ought to acquire a few manners.
–> It’s high time
5.I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party.
–> I really wish I..
6.Would you mind not smoking here?
–> I’d rather..
7.Please don’t say things like that.
–> I wish
Exercise 4: Put the verbs in the right tense or form.
You will wish the door _________________. (to open)
You wish that he ______________ you last week. (Help)
I wish it _________ possible to finish the work tonight. (to be)
We wish they ____________ to come with us. (to want)
Jake recommended that Susan _________ (hire) immediately.
It’s high time we _________(go)
They wish we _________________ for them. (to wait)
I wish that you _____________ here yesterday. (Be)
We request that she _________ the window. (to open)
We wished they _________________. (to hurry)
Don recommended that you _________ (join) the committee.
We wish you ________________ yesterday. (Arrive)
I suggest that he _________ (study).
I wish the weather ____________ warmer now. (Be)
They asked that we _________ standing. (to remain)
Will she wish you _______________ her? (to join)
The demand that she __________ the report has been carried out. (to complete)
The teacher insists that her students _________ (be) on time.
They wished she __________________ the arrangements. (to make)
I wish he ___________ here now. (Be)
Does he wish he ____________ younger? (to be)
It’s high time for you _________(find) a job, young man.
It’s very cold today. It looks as if it ________ (be) autumn now.
The house was seriously damaged. It looks as if _________ (destroy) by bombs. 
It’s high time we_________(start).
It was essential that she _________ (be) present.
John insists that Sarah (invite) __________to the wedding.
He ate his dinner as if he _________(not eat) for a week.
She dresses as though she _________(be) a queen.
It is important that he _________ (try) to study often. 
Dr. Smith required that Mark _________ (submit) his research now.
It’s time we _________ (come) back home.
It is essential that we _________ (vote) as soon as possible. 
I wish _________ (not have to) work.
CONJUNCTION ( LIÊN TỪ )
 I. ĐỊNH NGHĨA 
Liên từ là từ vựng sử dụng để liên kết 2 từ, cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề lại với nhau. Trong tiếng Anh cĩ 3 loại liên từ: Coordinating Conjunctions (liên từ kết hợp), Correlative Conjunctions 
(liên từ tương quan) và Subordinating Conjunctions (liên từ phụ thuộc).	
Dưới đây là bảng các liên từ trong tiếng Anh:
Coordinating Conjunctions 
(liên từ kết hợp),
Correlative Conjunctions 
(liên từ tương quan
Subordinating Conjunctions (liên từ phụ thuộc).
and
but  
or 
nor
for 
yet  
so 
either...or
neither...nor
not only...but also
both...and
whether...or
as  as
such  that
scarcelywhen
no sooner  than
rather than
after
before
although
though
even though
as much as
as long as
as soon as
because
since
so that
in order that
so
if
even if
unless
until
when
where
whether
while
II. PHÂN LOẠI
1. Coordinating Conjunctions
Liên từ kết hợp được sử dụng để kết nối hai (hoặc nhiều hơn) đơn vị từ tương đương nhau (ví dụ: kết nối 2 từ vựng, 2 cụm từ hoặc 2 mệnh đề trong câu).
Ví dụ:  I like watching sports and listening to music.
          I didn’t have enough money so I didn’t buy that car.
* Mẹo giúp nhớ các liên từ kết hợp: FANBOYS (F – for, A – and, N – nor, B – but, O – or, Y – yet, S – so)
- FOR: giải thích lý do hoặc mục đích (dùng giống because)
Ví dụ: I do morning exercise every day, for I want to keep fit.
* Lưu ý: khi hoạt động như một liên từ, for chỉ đứng ở giữa câu, sau for phải sử dụng một mệnh đề và trước for phải cĩ dấu phẩy (,)
- AND: thêm / bổ sung một thứ vào một thứ khác
Ví dụ:  I do morning exercise every day to keep fit and relax.
- NOR: dùng để bổ sung một ý phủ định vào ý phủ định đã được nêu trước đĩ.
Ví dụ:  I don’t like listening to music nor playing sports. I’m just keen on reading.
- BUT: dùng để diễn tả sự đối lập, ngược nghĩa
Ví dụ:  He works quickly but accurately.
- OR: dùng để trình bày thêm một lựa chọn khác.
Ví dụ:  You can play games or watch TV.
- YET: dùng để giới thiệu một ý ngược lại so với ý trước đĩ (tương tự but)
Ví dụ:  I took a book with me on my holiday, yet I didn’t read a single page.
- SO: dùng để nĩi về một kết quả hoặc một ảnh hưởng của hành động/sự việc được nhắc đến trước đĩ.   
Ví dụ:  I’ve started dating one soccer player, so now I can watch the game each week.
* Nguyên tắc dùng dấu phẩy (,) với liên từ kết hợp:
- Nếu liên từ kết hợp được dùng để liên kết 2 mệnh đề độc lập (mệnh đề cĩ thể đứng riêng như một câu) thì giữa hai mệnh đề phải sử dụng dấu phẩy (,). Nếu liên từ được dùng để kết nối 2 cụm từ (câu khơng hồn chỉnh) hoặc từ (ví dụ trong danh sách liệt kê) thì khơng cần dùng dấu phẩy (,).
Ví dụ:  + I took a book with me on my holiday, yet I didn’t read a single page. (I took a book with me on my holiday và I didn’t read a single page là mệnh đề độc lập và phải cĩ dấu phẩy)
           + I do morning exercise every day to keep fit and relax. (keep fit và relax khơng phải mệnh đề độc lập và khơng phải cĩ dấu phẩy)
- Khi liệt kê từ 3 đơn vị trở lên, ta dùng dấu phẩy ở giữa các đơn vị trước; với đơn vị cuối cùng ta cĩ thể dùng hoặc khơng dùng dấu phẩy.
Ví dụ:  Many fruits are good for your eyes, such as carrots, oranges, tomatoes (,) and mango.
2. Correlative Conjunctions
Liên từ tương quan được sử dụng để kết nối 2 đơn vị từ với nhau và luơn đi thành cặp khơng thể tách rời. Ví dụ:      He’s not only affluent but also good-looking.
- EITHER  OR: dùng để diễn tả sự lựa