UNIT 13: HOBBIES Period: 79 - READING Date of planing:09/03/2015 Date of teaching11/03/2015 Class: 11 I/AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1> Language content: -To provide Ss with some words relating to their hobbies. - To help Ss scan for specific information about their hobbies - To help Ss know how to use their dictionary effectively 2> Language function: - Express their opinion about their hobbies. 3> Educational aim; -To help Ss aware of good hobbies in their life. II>LANGUAGE 1> Vocabulary : admire, fish tank ,occupied 2> Structures : the simple present tense. 3> Skills : Reading, speaking, writing , listening 4> Educational factor - To help Ss know how to choose good hobbies in their life. III>TEACHER’S AND STUDENTS’ PREPARATION 1/ Method : Communicative approach 2/Techniques : brainstorm, pair work, group work ,question and answer 3/Material needed : blackboard, chalk, textbooks, and handout , pictures. 4/Students’ preparation : -Look at new words in the dictionary and study grammar notes, pictures. 5/Previous exercises : IV/PROCEDURES: 1/ Stabilization : checks theSs’attendence 2- Presentation of the new material TIME TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES STUDENTS’ ACTIVITIES THE CONTENT OF THE LESSON 5ms 8ms 20ms 8ms 2ms WARM UP: - Makes greeting Brainstorming : -Writes the topic : “ HOBBIES” on the board. -Divides the class into 8 groups - Asks students to write in 3 minutes as many pieces of information about the topic as possible. - The group with the most details will be winner. HOBBIES fishing BEFORE READING: Question and answer: -Hangs the picture on the board -Asks Ss to work in pair and look at the pictures which present some hobbies to ask and answer questions -Gives suggestions : A: What/ your hobby? B: My hobby / A : Why / you /like it? B : Because / .. Introduces some new words -admire (v) : ( explain ) -fish tank (n) : (picture ) -occupied (adj) : ( synonym) *Checks their understanding by using technique “RUB OUT AND REMEMBER” ---------------------------------------------------- WHILE READING: -Setting the scene: You are going to read a passage about hobbies. While you are reading, do the tasks in the textbook TASK1: The words and phrases below all appear in the passage. Use a dictionary to get their meaning. Then translate them into Vietnamese. -Writes these words on the board: accomplished , accompanying , modest ,avid , discarded , indulge in , keep me occupied -Asks Ss to open their dictionary. -Instructs Ss to know how to use the dictionary -If Ss have difficulties teacher will help them. -Gives feedback and gives the keys TASK2 : Answer the questions: -Instruction: You read the passage again and answer the questions in the book. +First , skim the 9 questions to understand them, then underline the keys words, decide what information they need to find in the text. +Go back to the first questions and locate the information for question by finding the keys words in the passage and mark the place. +Read the part carefully to find the answer. Ss can use their own words. + Continue with the rest of the questions -Asks Ss to work in pair to do the task -Asks some pairs to practise in front of the class -Calls on some Ss to write their answers on the board . -Feedbacks and gives the correct answer. AFTER READING: -Instruction: You are required to work in groups to talk about your hobbies. -Asks Ss to work in group of 5 to talk about their hobbies -Goes around the class to help the groups when necessary. -Calls on some Ss to practise in front of the class. -Gives feedback. CONSOLIDATION - summarises the main points. HOMEWORK: - Asks Ss to learn new words by heart ,write their hobbies about 200 words and prepare new lesson. -look at the backboard - Divides the class into 8 groups -Work in group to start the game -Look at the pictures in the board. - Work in pair and make questions and answers using suggestions. -listen and write down ------------------------ -listen to the teacher -listen to the teacher - write down new words -open their dictionary -listen to the teacher - write down meaning of new words -listen to the teacher -work in pair to do the task -practise in front of the class -listen to the teacher -listen to the teacher -work in group of 5 to talk about hobbies -practise in front of the class. -listen to the teacher -listen to the teacher Unit 13 HOBBIES Part : READING WARM UP: Brainstorming : BEFORE READING: Question and answer: Introduces some new words -admire (v) : ( explain ) -fish tank (n) : (picture ) -occupied (adj) : ( synonym) ------------------------------- WHILE READING: -Setting the scene: TASK1: The words and phrases below all appear in the passage. Use a dictionary to get their meaning. Then translate them into Vietnamese. KEYS: -accomplished : well trained, skilled -accompanying : going with a singer -modest: humble -avid :eager -discarded : thrown away -indulge in : - keep me occupied: keep me busy TASK2 : Answer the questions: -Instruction: -Keys: 1. His first hobby is playing his guitar. 2. No, he isn’t. 3. Because he’s an accomplished guitarist and he is good at accompanying people by his guitar. 4. His second hobby is keeping fishes. 5. He bought some from the shop and collected some from the rice field near his house. 6. His isn’t an avid stamp collector 7. He collects them from discarded envelopes his relatives and friends give him. 8. Local stamps. 9. He keeps the less common ones inside a small album. The common ones he usually gives away to others or if no one wants them he simply throws them away. AFTER READING: -Instruction: You are required to work in groups to talk about your hobbies. SEFT EVALUATION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. UNIT 13: HOBBIES Period: 80 - SPEAKING Date of planing:10/03/2015 Date of teaching:12/03/2015 Class: 11 I> AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1>Language content:- Students learn to talk about a preferred hobby, about collections 2>Language function: By the end of the lesson, Sswill be able to talk about hobbies, favourite collections 3>Education aim: To educate Ss to talk about their hobbies II>LANGUAGE 1>Vocabulary:Words / phrases related to hobbies, favourite collections. 2>Structures: Sentences used to talk about hobbies, collections (how to collect books, where to buy books, how to organize and classify books,) 3> Skills : integrated skills 4> Educational factor : To help students choose a suitable sport to play in their free time . IV> TEACHER’S AND STUDENTS’ PREPARATION. 1> Method : Communicative approach 2> Techniques : Game , multiple choice , asking and answering the question ,explanation and groupwork . 3> Materials needed : Textbooks , references , extra boardand pictures of some famous athletes 4> Students’ preparation : The information relating to the Asian Games . 5> Previous exercises : In 30words write about athletes you like best . V> PROCEDURE IN CLASS: 1> Stabilization : : Time –needed :(2ms) a.Warm up : (Warmer about health, weather and their hobbies .) b.checking absence :+ Ask the monitor : Who is absent today? 2> Checking up the previous knowledge : Time –needed :(5ms) 3> The new lesson Steps/ Time location Teacher’s Activities Students’Activities The content of the lesson Lead-in 5’mn - Ask Ss to close their books. Ticks 6 pictures on the board and asks Ss : + What is he/ she doing in each picture ? E. A : P1. Lan is swimming. P2. Nam is fishing. P3. Hoa is collecting stamps. P4. Paul is playing computer games. P5.. John is climbing on the mountain P6.. Mai is reading a book - Gives feedback. Asks Ss :Give the verbs that go with BOOKS. - Divides the class in two teams to take part in the game. Gives the rule of the game. + Teacher calls 6 students from each group to stand in 2 lines. + Each student writes verbs that go with BOOKS then gives chalk to the person next to him / her. + After 1 minute which team getting more verbs will be the winner. -Checks the result with the whole class and find the winner. Asks Ss to work in group of 6 quickly Corrects their mistakes To buy To get To throw To classify BOOKS To keep To organize To exchange To collect To protect - Goes around to ask Ss : + What activity do you often do in your free time ? + What activity do you like best ? - Reports in front of the class hobbies of some Ss. - Close the books. - Look at the pictures , and answer the Qs Listen to T. Answer T’s Qs. Listen to T -Answer T’s Qs Unit 13 HOBBIES Part : SPEAKING To buy To get To throw To classify To keep BOOKS To organize To exchange To collect To protect Pre-speaking 12’mn Activity 1 : Task1 - Has Ss sit in pairs, talk about how they like or dislike about the activities listed in Task 1. - Goes around to observe and help them if necessary. - Calls a good S to stand up to make a conversation like this : Model: T:I like reading books best if I have free time because I find it interesting to read many various kinds of books, and I learn much knowledge from reading them, what about you ? S: I like ..because. T: which one wouldn’t you like to do ? S:. T; I don’t like climbing on the mountain because it is a dangerous sport, and not suitable for many people. - Gets Ss to practise in pairs, goes around monitoring . - Calls on some pairs to practise in front of class, and gives marks. Listen to T. Answer T’s Qs. Listen to T -Answer T’s Qs Make a conversation like this : Model: T:I like reading books best if I have free time because I find it interesting to read many various kinds of books, and I learn much knowledge from reading them, what about you ? S: I like ..because. T: which one wouldn’t you like to do ? S:. T; I don’t like climbing on the mountain because it is a dangerous sport, and not suitable for many people. While-speaking 13’ (mn) Activity 2 : Task2 Lead-in : - Asks Ss : + Have you collected any shell + Have you collected any shells,stamps,dolls,and old , dolls, stamps ? Aaaaaa coins? + Is there anybody who has ever collected books ? What kinds of books did you collect ? Where did you often buy them ?............ Introduction : the dialogue.(huong and Lan are talking about their collection of books ,practice reading it, and try to know where they bought their books, how they organized their collection, how they classified them - Calls 2 Ss to practise the conversation between Lan and Huong- - Asks Ss to practise the dialogue in pairs. Listens and corrects their mistakes (stress /sentence intonation.) - Puts Qs :+what is Lan’s hobby? +How does lan collect her books? +where did Lan buy her books? +How does Lan organize her books? + How does she protect her books? Asks for the answers. Reminds some expressions Presents some expressions used to ask for hobbies + Could you tell me how you collect your books ? + I think I’ll continue to . Goes around to observe Ss’practice , and help them if necessary.. - Corrects their stress, sentence intonation and mistakes Listen to T. Answer T’s Qs. Listen to T -Answer T’s Qs Qs. -what is Lan’s hobby? +She likes collecting stamps - How does lan collect her books? + She does it regularly. Whenever she finds a book which is interesting she buys it immediately -where did Lan buy her books? +She buys some from the bookshop near her house and some others from second-hand book stalls. Sometimes her friends , her mum and dad give her some -How does Lan organize her books? =she classifies them into different categories and put each category in one corner of her bookshelf with a name tag on it How does she protect her books -Maybe she puts them on the bookshelf Post-speaking 13’mn Activity 3 : Task3 Instruction : : I think that all of us sitting here have a hobby, or a favourite custom . I myself like collecting stamps very much, who wants to know anything from my hobby? , now if you want to know something about my hobby , you can put questions for me. - Asks Ss to put Qs about Teacher’s hobby . (collecting stamps) E.g + Since when have you ever been collecting stapms ? + You much have a lot of stamps now, so could you tell me how you collect your stamps ? + Where do you keep your stamps ? + . Calls on a good S to ask him/her’s Qs to make a conversation about collecting stamps like this : Model .: T: What is your hobby, Lan? S:Well,I like collecting stamps.I have been collecting them for more than five years . T: Wow! You must have a lot of stamps now. Could you tell me how you collect your stamps? S:I get them from old envelopes and sometimes my relatives or my friends give me some.If I have money, I can go to the post office and buy some valuable ones. T: Where do you keep your stamps? S: In albums of course.I’ve had 3 albums so far T:Do you put them all in one album or do you put them in categories? S:In categories of course . I put local stamps in one and foreign stamps in another , then I classify them into categories like plants, birds, landscape T: I see. What do you plan to do next? S: I will attend stamp exhibitions to learn more from experienced collectors to make my collection more valuable T:I wish you every success. I’d love to see your albums someday. S: Sure, see you ! T: bye. Ask Ss to practise the dialogue in pairs. Goes around to observe Ss’practice , and help them if necessary(vocabulary, pronunciation). Calls on some pairs to present in front of class , and gives them marks. Listen to T’s instruction. Make Qs about T’s hobby. A good S practise asking and answering a conversation with Teacher. Listen to T’s model.. Practice the dialogue in pairs Listen to T Practise in pairs - Some pairs are called to present in front of class. T:what is your hobby,lan? S:Well,I like collecting stamps.I have been collecting them for more than five years . T: Wow! You must have a lot of stamps now. Could you tell me how you collect your stamps? S:I get them from old envelopes and sometimes my relatives or my friends give me some.If I have money, I can go to the post office and buy some valuable ones. T: Where do you keep your stamps? S: In albums of course.I’ve had 3 albums so far T:Do you put them all in one album or do you put them in categories? S:In categories of course . I put local stamps in one and foreign stamps in another , then I classify them into categories like plants, birds, landscape T: I see. What do you plan to do next? S: I will attend stamp exhibitions to learn more from experienced collectors to make my collection more valuable T:I wish you every success. I’d love to see your albums someday. S: Sure, see you ! T: bye. Homework 2’mn - Assigns homework - Wwite down the homework in the notebooks Practise speaking with your partner at home about your hobbies. - Write a passage about 150 words , talking about a hobby. - Prepare LISTENING SELF-EVALUATION .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. UNIT 13: HOBBIES Period: 81 - LISTENING Date of planing:15/03/2015 Date of teaching:17/03/2015 Class: 11 I/AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1> Language content: -To provide Ss with some words relating to hobbies of their reading books. -To help Ss listen for specific information about hobbies of their reading books . 2> Language function: - Express their opinion about their reading books. 3> Educational aim: -To help Ss aware of good hobbies of reading books in their life. II>LANGUAGE 1> Vocabulary profit ,ignore 2> Structures : the simple present tense. 3> Skills : Reading, speaking, writing , listening 4> Educational factor - To help Ss know advantages from reading books. III/ TEACHER’S AND STUDENTS’ PREPARATION 1/ Method : Communicative approach 2/Techniques : discussion ,pair work, group work ,question and answer 3/Material needed : blackboard, chalk, textbooks, cassette tapes, and cassette 4/Students’ preparation : -Look at new words in the dictionary IV/PROCEDURES: 1/ Stabilization : checks theSs’attendence 2/ Checking up the previous knowledge : Time –needed :(5ms) 3/ Presentation of the new material TIME TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES STUDENTS’ ACTIVITIES THE CONTENT OF THE LESSON 5ms 5ms 5ms 8ms 3ms WARM UP: - Makes greeting Game: Noughts and crosses: Enrich Broaden Information Provide Book Hobby Disease Knowledge Avoid BEFORE LISTENING: *DISCUSSION: -Asks Ss to work in pair to discuss about benefits of reading books. -Calls on some students to talk their ideas in front of the class. -Gives feedback * LISTEN AND REPEAT -Asks Ss to listen to the teacher and repeat the words Magazines , continually , otherwise , gigantic , profitable, available, bygone, ignorantly. -------------------------------------------------------- WHILE LISTENING: -Setting the scene: You are going to listen to a passage about hobby. TASK1:True and false statements Listen to the passage and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) - Before Ss listen and do the task, asks Ss what the strategies to do the task are. if Ss forget, may repeat the strategies: + First, read through the statements to understand them and underline key words. + Listen to the tape and pay attention to the key words + Decide whether the statements are true or false based on what they can hear. - asks Ss whether they can do the task based on previous times of listening. - If Ss can, T asks them to give the answers and write them on the board. - plays the tape once for Ss to check their answers. - asks Ss to work in pairs to compare their answers. - checks Ss answers by calling on some Ss and asks them to explain their answers. - If a lot of Ss have the same wrong answer, play that point of the tape for Ss to check the answer again. - gives the correct answers: TASK2 : Gap-filling -Lets Ss read the passage carefully and have the guess of the missing words. -Plays the tape and asks Ss to fill in the missing words. -Notices Ss to catch the exact word(s) for each blank. -Calls on some Ss to read completed the passage. Ask for comments from other Ss. -Pauses the tape when necessary. -Feedback s and gives correct answers: -------------------------------------------------------- AFTER LISTENING: DISCUSSION: -Asks Ss to work in group of 5 to discuss about the disadvantages of over-reading. -Goes around the class to help the groups when necessary. -Calls on some Ss to practise in front of the class. -Gives feedback. CONSOLIDATION -Summarises the main points. HOMEWORK: -Asks Ss to learn by heart all of the new words and do the extra exercises as homework. -greeting -Play the game - work in pair to discuss about benefits of reading books. - talk ideas in front of the class. - listen to the teacher and repeat the words ------------------------ -listen to the teacher -Listen to the teacher - give the answers and write them on the board - check the answers. -listen to the teacher and correct the answers -Listen to the teacher. -listen to the tape -read completed the passage -listen to the teacher ------------------------ work in group of 5 to discuss about the disadvantages of over-reading - practise in front of the class. - Take note -listen to the teacher -listen to the teacher Unit 13 Cont. HOBBIES Part : LISTENING WARM UP Game: Noughts and crosses: BEFORE LISTENING: *DISCUSSION: -Discuss about benefits of reading books. * LISTEN AND REPEAT Magazines , continually , otherwise , gigantic , profitable, available, bygone, ignorantly. ------------------------------- WHILE LISTENING: TASK1:True and false statements Keys 1 -T , 2- F , 3- F , 4- F 5-T , 6-T, 7-T , 8-T TASK2 : Gap-filling Keys 1-wonderful 2-disease 3-jungle 4-certainly 5-ignorantly ------------------------------- AFTER LISTENING: DISCUSSION: -discuss about the disadvantages of over-reading. SELF-EVALUATION ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ UNIT 13: HOBBIES Period: 82 - WRITING Date of planing:16/03/2015 Date of teaching:18/03/2015 Class: 11 I/AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:: 1> Language content : + To help Ss say which they like to do in their free time . 2> Language function :+ Write about a collection , real or imaginary . 3> Educational aim : + To help Ss know the important valuable of collections II>LANGUAGE: 1> Vocabulary : 2> Structure : - the simple tense - the simple past tense . 3> Skill :Integrated skills . 4> Educational factor :- to help Ss know things should do in their free time . III> TEACHER AND STUDENTS’ PREPARATION : 1>Method : Communicative Approach . 2> Techniques :+ Question – answer , explanation , using charts . 3> Materials needed : Textbook , picture 4> Students’ preparation :Read the lesson at home , prepare paper . IV> PROCEDURE IN CLASS : 1> Stabilization : a Warm – up :- Check Ss attention. b Checking absence :Who’s absent today? 2> Checking up previous knowledge :- Calls two Ss to go to the b/b + write down some new words + Asks some questions . 3> Presentation of the new materials . Time Teacher’s activities Students’ activities Content 5’ 10’ 18’ 10’ 3’ 2’ I Warm – up : * Networks - Asks Ss to work in groups and make a list words relating to hobbies . ( the group with the longest list will be winner ) Hobbies * Suggested answers : + Swimming , fishing , reading books , playing computer games , watching TV , stamps – collecting , mountain – climbing , chatting with a friend on the phone , keeping fish . II Pre – writing : Asks Ss to look at 2 pictures on the b/b and makes some questions related to 2 pictures .(collecting stamps , collecting coins) * Picture 1 : Teacher : What is his hobby Student : His hobby is collecting stamps . * Picture 2 : Teacher : What is her hobby ? Student : Her hobby is collecting coins . - Explains two collections above . - Asks Ss to read guidelines in the textbook . * name of your collection . ( collection of books , coins , stamps , clothes ) * how you collect them ( buy them , ask someone to give them , exchange them ) * how you keep them ( in album , on shelves , in boxes , in a safe ) * When you started your collect last year , a long time ago , ) * how you classify them . ( into categories , countries , ages , colors ) * why you collect them . ( to relax , to kill time , to entertain oneself ) * your plan for the future ( continue to collect ) III . While – writing : -Asks Ss to write about your collection , real , imaginary , following guidelines above . -Asks Ss to work group . -Divides the class in to six groups ..( group of four or five ) Goes around to offer help . -Calls the leader of each group to go to the b/b and write down . -Calls some Ss to stand up and comment on writing . IV Post – Writing - Corrects the mistakes * Gives key My hobby is collecting stamps . I collect countries ’stamps by buying them from post office and asking friends, relatives .Once in a while, I exchange stamps with others. I started my collection when I was at the age of 15 . I classify them into different categories and put them in a big album .I love collecting stamps to broaden my knowledge moreover, I want to know more about custom and culture all over the world . I hope I will collect more stamps in the future . CONSOLIDATION -Summarises the main points. HOMEWORK: -Asks Ss to learn by heart all of the new words and do the extra exercises as homework. Work groups . Go to the b/b and write down their answers . Look at pictures and answer teacher’s questions . Picture 1 : +His hobby is collecting stamps . Picture 2 : + Her hobby is collecting coins . Listen to the teacher . Read the guidelines in the textbook . -Work in group . -Write their collection -Go to the b/b and write down . Comment on writing . - Listen to and correct . -listen to the teacher -listen to the teacher Unit 13 :HOBBIES Period : Writing I . Content * New words . + Classify (v) : phân loại . + Exchange ( v ) : đổi * name of your collection . ( collection of books , coins , stamps , clothes ) * how you collect them ( buy them , ask someone to give them , exchange them ) * how you keep them ( in album , on shelves , in boxes , in a safe ) * When you started your collect last year , a long time ago , ) * how you classify them . ( into categories , countries , ages , colors ) * why you collect them . ( to relax , to kill time , to entertain oneself ) * your plan for the future ( continue to collect ) * Connection words + once in a while , Sometime , however moreover * Gives key My hobby is collecting stamps . I collect countries ’stamps by buying them from post office and asking friends, relatives .Once in a while, I exchange stamps with others. I started my collection when I was at the age of 15 . I classify them into different categories and put them in a big album .I love collecting stamps to broaden my knowledge moreover, I want to know more about custom and culture all over the world . I hope I will collect more stamps in the future . Self – evaluation : ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. UNIT 13: HOBBIES Period: 83 - LANGUAGE FOCUS Date of planing:17/03/2015 Date of teaching:19/03/2015 Class: 11 I/AIMS AND OBJECTIVES : 1> Language content : - To help Ss distinguish the sounds /pt/, /bd/, /ps/, /bz/ - To help Ss make sentences using structures containing infinitive with ‘to’ without ‘to ‘ effectively . 2> Language function : To help Ss pronounce words correctly and know to use relative clauses effectively 3> Educational aim :To enable Ss to distinguish four sounds above and to learn how to use the structure “It was.........who/that........”. II>LANGUAGE : 1> Vocabulary : - no vocabulary 2> Structure : “It was ..........who/that........” 3> Skill : Integrated skills . 4>Educational factor :By the end of the leson, Ss will be able to pronounce the sounds /pt/, /bd/, /ps/, /bz/ correctly and use cleft sentences appropriately. III>TEACHER AND STUDENTS’ PREPARATION 1> Method :Communicative approach 2> Techniques :explanation , Repetition , pair work , group work 3> Materials needed :Textbook , sub-board 4> Students’ preparation :Reading guiding books IV> PROCEDURE IN CLASS : 1> Stabilization : a. Warm – up : - Has a short talk with Ss about weather , health . b. Checking absence : - Asks the monitor about absence . 2> Checking up previous knowledge :- No checking 3> Presentation of the new materials . A. PRONUNCIATION: 1. Warm – up : - Asks Ss to look at four pictures on the board and answer the questions “ what is it ?” -Calls some Ss to answer the question until they pronounce them exactly . From their exactly pronunciation, introduces the sounds /pt/, /bd/, /ps/, /bz/ 2. Pre- practice : - Demonstrates the sounds/ /pt/, /bd/, /ps/, /bz/ by pronouncing them clearly and slowly . -Instructs the way to pronounce them . ( using pictures ) -Reads the words in each column once . pt/:stopped, jumped, stepped, trapped /bd/:robbed, stabbed, grabbed, bribed /ps/: stops , steps, maps, shops /bz/:robs, bribes, rubs,clubs Then reads the words once again one by one so that Ss can distinguish the differences between the sounds in the words after that reads the words and asks Ss to repeat them . 3 Controlled – practice : - Asks Ss to practice pronouncing the words in pairs ( one reads and one answers ) - Calls some Ss to read the words and corrects them . Then asks Ss to read the sentences and find the sounds /pt/, /bd/, /ps/, /bz/ in groups . - Calls some Ss to read them and shows the words containing the sounds /pt/, /bd/, /ps/, /bz/ -Corrects them . 4. Free – practice : - Asks Ss to find some more words containing the sounds/pt/, /bd/, /ps/, /bz/ in groups . Calls some s to answer and corrects them if necessary . B . GRAMMAR : Exercise 1 1. Pre-practice: - Explain the way to write cleft sentences with subject focus - Give example Ex : Mr. Bang went to Britain twice. à It was Mr. Bang who went to Britain twice 2. Contr
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