Khái niệm đảo ngữ. Đảo ngữ là hình thức đảo ngược vị trí thông thường của chủ từ và động từ trong một câu, được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần hay ý nào đó trong câu. Các dạng đảo ngữ: Dấu hiệu nhận biết Cấu trúc đảo ngữ Ví dụ: No Not No/Not + N + Trợ động từ+ Động từ Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in a tragedy. Seldom Hardly Scarcely Rarely Little Never Seldom/Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely/Little/Never+ Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ. I have never seen such a beautiful girl in my life! –> Never in my life have I seen such a beautiful girl! Only+ Only once/ Only later/ Only in this way/ Only then + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ. Only after/ Only by/ + Danh từ/ Danh động từ/Mệnh đề, đảo ngữ. Only when/ Only if + mệnh đề, đảo ngữ. I have met her only once. –> Only once have I met her. Only later did I realize my family played an important role in my life. –>Only when I study abroad, did I realize that my family played an important role in my life. At no time On no condition Under no circumstances For no reason In no way No longer At no time/ On no condition/ Under no circumstances/ For no reason/ In no way/No longer+ Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ. He never suspected that his girlfriend was an enemy spy. –> At no time did he suspect that his girlfriend was an enemy spy. This button mustn’t be touched under any circumstances. –> Under no circumstances could this button be touch. He used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day. –> No longer/ Any longer does he smoke 20 cigarettes a day. Hardly No sooner Hardly + had + S + Phân từ 2 + when = No sooner + had + S + Phân từ 2 + than Hardly had I put the receiver down when he rang back. =No sooner had she hung the clothes out when it rained. Not only but also Not only + Trợ động từ+ Chủ ngữ + Động từ + but also + Chủ ngữ + Động từ Not only is he handsome but he also plays the guitar well. Not only is he good at English but he can also speak French. So Such So + Tính từ+ Trợ động từ+ chủ ngữ+ Danh từ Such + be + N + that + clause. He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch. –> So hard did he work that he forgot his lunch. Her anger was such that she broke the vase. –>Such was her anger that she broke the vase. Not until Only when (Mãi đến khi/ Chỉ khi) Not until/ Only when + mệnh đề, đảo ngữ. I didn’t realize who he was until he came into the light. –> Not until he came into the light, did I realize who he was. Neither Neither + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ There is neither excitement nor entertainment in this small town. –> Neither is there excitement nor entertainment in this small town. Nowhere Nowhere + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ The wallet couldn’t be found anywhere. –> Nowhere could the wallet be found. đảo ngữ + Câu điều kiện Câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + chủ ngữ + động từ Câu điều kiện loại 2: Were + chủ ngữ + Câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + Chủ ngữ + Phân từ II + If he comes, please tell him to see me. –> Should he come, plese tell him to see me. If I were you, I wouldn’t do like that. –> Were I you, I wouldn’t do like that. If I knew French, I would apply this position. –> Were I to know French, I would apply this position.
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