NỘI DUNG KIẾN THỨC VÀ BÀI TẬP TỪ UNIT 1- UNIT 3 Phonetics. ( Ngữ âm) 1. THE ENDING SOUND “ED” CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle: 1 “-ed ”pronounced as / id /: khi ed đi sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d gắn với từ tồn dân: Eg: wanted, decided 2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: khi ed đi sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫ , q/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, phụ âm+ s, sh, ch, gh, ce, phụ âm +s Gắn với câu: khơng(k) thèm(q) chờ(t∫ ) Phương(p) Share(∫,) cơ (ce) sở sản(s) xuất(sh) ghế(gh) sofa. Eg: asked, stopped, laughed, washed... 3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên. Eg: moved, played, raised, used, Ngọai lệ: Đuơi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/ với những tính từ và trạng từ sau: aged, allegedly, beloved, blessed, crabbed, crooked, cursed, dogged, hatred, learned, Markedly, naked, ragged, rugged, sacred, supposedly, wicked, wretched. 2. . CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S/ES" CUỐI : trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít cĩ 3 cách phát âm / s / Khi s đi sau các phụ âm sau ,/ t(tơi)/ /k(khơng)/,/q(thường) /gh(ghé)/p(phố)f(phường). Eg: Cats /cooks / tenths/ laughs, laps , stops/ chiefs/Baths/bỉθS/: - Develops /dɪˈveləpS/: Phát triển/ mates/ calculates/ paragraphs, /, chiefs, safes Hoặc ta cĩ thể học theo mẹo sau: Thời phong kiến fương Tây" (thq )(,p,k,f,t) / iz / Khi es đi sau các âm sau:ce( Cơ)/ s/sS( sở) ∫( siêu) x(xe)/ sh / (ch/ t∫ ʒ,/, /ʤ /, (chở) ge(ge)/z Eg: chances, sentences/ passes , glasses kisses/ Bruce's washes(ʃ) , Boxes(iz) , Washes / watches// Churches/ Teaches / oranges/ sandwiches massages (ʒ ), Garages(ʒ)Solange's((ʒ)./Roses/'roʊzIZ/: /- Dishes /'dɪʃIZ/: Hoặc ta cĩ thể theo mẹo: Ơi sơng xưa zờ chẳng shĩng" (o,s,x,z,ch,sh) /VD glasses sentences kisses sentences boxes/classes/garages bruises(ʒ)/ rises(ʒ) Bruce's/ mixes/ churches/ teaches Pages(dʒ), stages(dʒ) / z / Khi s đi sau các các âm ( các chữ cái) khơng thuộc hai loại trên. Eg: bags , kids , days, bamboos Cars/kɑːrZ/: / Buildings /ˈbɪldɪŋZ /b/ Cubs robs Bob' s /v/ Caves lives Olive' s /ð/ clothes breathes Smith' s /d/ Beds reads Donald' s /g/ Eggs digs Peg' s /l/ Hills fills Daniel's /m/ rooms comes Tom's /n/ Pens learns Jane's /ŋ/ Rings brings King's /əu/ potatoes goes Jo's /ei/ Days plays Clay's /eə/ Hairs wears Clare's Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, nhưng cĩ những ngoại lệ cần nhớ: - Chữ s đọc /z /sau các từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison.. -Chữ s đọc /'∫/ sau các từ sugar,sure BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG EXERCISE 1: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others A. skims B. works C. sits D. laughs A. fixes B. pushes C. misses D. goes 3.A. washed B. finished C. jumped D. dressed 4.A. puts B. likes C. gets D. caries 5.A. comes B. walks C. tries D. goes 6. A. swims B. likes C. thanks D. sleeps 7. A. steps B. mates C. fights D. stairs 8.A. mouths B. cloths C. months D. paths 9.A. taxed B. laughed C. shopped D. ragged 10.A. garage B. luggage C marriage D. message 11A. bear B. pear C. hear D. share 12.A. lines B. tanks C. mamals D. persons 13.A. journey B. found C. south D. pound 14.A. coped B. thanked C. judged D. washed 15.A. miles B. sleeps C. laughs D. unlocks 16.A. enjoyed B. laughed C. wrapped D. looked 17.A. honest B. honour C. heir D. history 18. A. holds B. notes C. replies D. sings 19.A. keeps B. gives C. cleans D. prepares 20.A. cries B. buses C. studies D. supplies 21.A. holds B. notes C. replies D. sings 22. A. drinks B. rides C. travels D. leaves 23.A. runs B. fills C. draws D. catches 24.A. drops B. kicks C. sees D. hopes 25.A. types B. knocks C. changes D. wants 26.A. calls B. glasses C. smiles D. learns 27.A. schools B. yards C. labs D. seats 29.A. knives B. trees C. classes D. agrees 30.A. buses B. horses C. causes D. ties 31.A. garages B. boats C. bikes D. roofs 32.A. ships B. roads C. streets D. speaks 33.A. beliefs B. cups C. plates D. apples 34.A. books B. days C. songs D. erasers 35.A. houses B. knives C. clauses D. changes 36.A. roofs B. banks C. hills D. bats 37.A. hats B. tables C. tests D. desks 38.A. gives B. passes C. dances D. finishes 39.A. sees B. sings C. meets D. needs 40.A. seeks B. plays C. gets D. looks II. REPORTED SPEECH ( CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT) Changes in tenses (Thay đổi về thì) Direct speech Reported speech Hiện tại đơn: S + Vnt/ V-s/es Quá khứ đơn: S + V-ed/ V2 Hiện tại tiếp diễn: S + is/ am/ are + V-ing Quá khứ tiếp diễn: S + was/ were + V-ing Hiện tại hồn thành: S + have/has + V-ed/ V3 Quá khứ hồn thành: S + had + V-ed/ V3 Quá khứ đơn: S + V-ed/ V2 Quá khứ hồn thành: S + had + V-ed/ V3 Tương lai đơn: S + will + Vnt Tương lai trong quá khứ: S+ would + Vnt Is/ am/ are going to + Vnt Was/ were going to + Vnt Can/ may Could/ might Must/ Have to Had to Changes in S, O, Adj.P and P.Pronoun (Thay đổi về chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu và đại từ sở hữu) Đại từ nhân xưng (S) I => he, she You => I, we, he, she We => they Tân ngữ (O) Me => him, her You => me, us, him, her Us => them Tính từ sở hữu (Adj.P) My => his, her Your => my, our, his, her Our => their Đại từ sở hữu (P.Pr) Mine => his, hers Yours => mine, ours, his, hers Ours => theirs Changes in time, place and demonstrative heads:(Thay đổi về từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm và từ chỉ định) Direct speech Reported speech time now today tonight tomorrow yesterday last night ago next day then that day that night the next/ following day the day before/ the previous day the night before before the next day place here there demonstrative heads (Từ chỉ định) this these that those BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG: Change these sentences into reported speech. 1. Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock ”... 2. Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week” . 3. Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks” .. 4. The teacher said “All the homework have to be done carefully” . 5. Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend” .. 6. “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter” .. 7. She said “I don’t have much time to enjoy my self ” . 8. The boys wanted to know “ Have you finished your essay yet?” 9. My English teacher asked me “What are you doing now?” 10. They told us “Our friends will get the award for their highest scores” 11. He said “I will help you repaint your kitchen next week” 12. Phong asked me “Can you speak French?” .. 13. Her brother told her “You can use my computer today” 14. Mai said “I can not go to the movies with you, Nam” 15. “Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.The mother asked her daughter .. 16. “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan.. 17. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam . 18. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom . 19. “How many school boys are there in your class?” He asked his friend 20."Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me. He wanted to know .
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