Ngữ pháp ôn thi TOEIC

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TOEIC Grammar 
Grammaire conỗue par le Groupe ESC Chambộry / La Citộ des Langues
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Nouns 
Tip Check whether the noun is countable or uncountable! 
Countable or 
uncountable 
nouns: 
definitions 
Countable nouns (people, animals, objects, plants, units of measurement) 
can be counted, used with the indefinite article and be plural. 
• two men; a dog; cars 
Uncountable nouns (substances, materials, abstract ideas, languages) cannot 
be counted, used with the indefinite article and are singular. 
• water; money 
Uncountable 
nouns 
The following nouns are always uncountable : 
advice leisure 
baggage, luggage money 
damage news 
equipment progress 
fun traffic 
furniture weather 
information work 
knowledge 
 • The information you gave me is incomplete. 
• She is making good progress with her German. 
A piece of Uncountable nouns can be made countable by combining them with: 
• expressions like a piece of , a can of , a slice of 
a piece of information, a can of soda, a slice of bread 
• other nouns 
leisure activities, homework assignments 
Both countable 
and 
uncountable 
Many nouns can be used as countable and uncountable nouns, usually with 
a difference in meaning : 
Uncountable Countable 
paper (material) a (news)paper 
business (all business transactions) a business (a company) 
space (the universe) a space (a blank) 
work (employment) a work (of art) 
time (hours, days) a time (an occasion) 
 • They have some work to do on the acoustics. 
• If the global economy continues to flourish, people will continue buying 
works of art. 
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Nouns, Suite 
Tip Check whether it is the right plural! 
Singular and 
plural 
Note the singular and plural forms of the following nouns. 
Singular Plural 
irregular 
-f(e) : half, life, self... 
child 
foot, tooth 
mouse 
alumnus, syllabus  
analysis, crisis  
criterion, phenomenon 
man, woman 
-ves : halves, lives, selves... 
children 
feet, teeth 
mice 
alumni, syllabi  
analyses, crises  
criteria, phenomena 
men, women 
always singular 
news 
the United States of America, 
nouns in -ics : athletics, 
mathematics, economics 
always plural 
belongings, clothes, contents, 
earnings, goods, people, customs, 
media 
one thing, two parts : pants, shorts, 
jeans, glasses, binoculars, scissors... 
same as singular 
means, series, species, crossroads, headquarters, fish, sheep, data, aircraft 
 Example : 
• The news is disturbing. 
• Tracking bank transactions as a means of pursuing potential terrorists has 
been central to US intelligence. 
Hundred, 
thousand 
When dozen, hundred, thousand, million, billion are used to convey the 
idea of: 
• a definite number, the pattern is: 
number/several + hundred, thousand, million+ plural noun 
twenty thousand dollars 
Economists were alarmed by the deficit, which was several billion 
worse than they had expected. 
• an indefinite number, the pattern is : 
∅ + hundreds, thousands, millions+ of + plural noun 
I've told you hundreds of times. 
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Nouns, Suite 
Forms of 
address 
Mr Smith a man 
Mrs Smith a married woman 
Miss Smith an unmarried woman 
Ms Smith a married or unmarried woman 
These forms of address have to be followed by a family name. 
Abbreviations 
Abbreviation Expression/word in full Abbreviation Expression/word in full 
ASAP 
RSVP 
attn 
p.p. 
i.e. 
p.a. 
e.g. 
PTO 
AM 
PM 
# or No 
POB 
@ 
misc 
lb or lbs 
oz 
GMT 
id 
mph 
NB 
as soon as possible 
Rộpondez SVP 
to the attention of 
per proxy; per pro.(on behalf of) 
id est (that is) 
per annum 
exempli gratia (for example) 
Please Turn Over 
ante meridiem 
post meridiem 
number 
post office box 
at 
miscellaneous 
pound(s) 
ounce(s) 
Greenwich Mean Time 
the same 
miles per hour 
nota bene (take note) 
VAT 
Bros 
Co 
Corp 
Inc 
Ltd 
PLC 
ATM 
CEO 
IT 
MBA 
R&D 
PR 
HR 
PC 
Value Added Tax 
Brothers /s/ 
Company 
Corporation 
Incorporated 
Limited 
Public Limited Company 
Automatic Teller Machine 
Chief Executive Officer 
Information Technology 
Master of Business Administration 
Research and Development 
Public Relations 
Human Resources 
Personal Computer 
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Determiners 
Definition A determiner is a word that is normally used at the beginning of a noun-
phrase. Determiners include : 
• articles. There are two types of articles: 
− the definite article: the 
− the indefinite article: a/an 
• possessive adjectives 
• demonstrative adjectives 
Tip Never leave a singular countable noun standing alone. You must use a 
determiner. 
Articles + 
nouns 
The rules for the use of articles with countable and uncountable nouns 
are the following : 
Nouns a / an the no article 
singular countable a car the car 
plural countable the cars cars 
uncountable the money money 
 • When we want to talk about things in general we usually use a plural or 
uncountable noun with no article. It has the same meaning as all. 
Jobs are scarce. (All jobs are scarce) 
Our everyday life has changed thanks to technical progress. (thanks to all 
technical progress) 
• The can be used before an uncountable noun when the latter is used with a 
qualifying phrase or has been qualified previously. 
The music you can hear is country music 
I asked to see the manager. 
The + place-
names 
The definite article is used with place-names as follows: 
The ỉ 
• seas, oceans, rivers: 
The Mediterranean, The Atlantic, 
The Rhine 
• plural countries: The Netherlands 
• countries with common nouns: 
The United Kingdom 
• mountain chains, island groups: 
The Rockies, The West Indies 
• areas: The Far East 
• singular countries, states: 
France, Texas 
• continents: Asia 
• lakes: Lake Geneva 
• islands: Greenland 
• towns: Sidney 
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Determiners, Suite 
Idiomatic uses 
of articles 
Some nouns can be used either with an definite article or not as follows: 
∅ article 
go to prison/jail; be in prison/jail 
go to school; be in/at school 
go to/be in class 
go to, be in/at college 
on campus, off campus 
be at/go to university 
be in/go to hospital (GB) be in/go to the hospital (US) 
go to/be at church 
be in bed, go to bed, stay in bed make the bed 
be/stay (at) home, go home, 
come/get/arrive home, leave home 
in the home 
at sea, go to sea on the sea, by the sea 
in town, to go into town, to leave town 
be at work, go to work, 
start/finish/leave work 
eat breakfast/have lunch/after dinner eat a big breakfast/have a quick 
lunch/after a delicious dinner 
The indefinite 
article: 
pronunciation 
The indefinite article is 
• a + words beginning with a consonant sound 
• an + words beginning with a vowel sound 
but: 
a unanimous decision a European country 
a uniform a UFO is an Unidentified Flying Object 
half an hour an honest man 
An MBA is a Master in Business Administration. 
The indefinite 
article: some 
uses 
The indefinite article a/an is used 
• before the names of professions: 
Mr Bates is a lawyer. 
Ms Atkinson, a renowned novelist, will attend the presentation. 
• in expressions of measurement / price / speed / ratio ( = per in writing): 
How much is it a kilo? The rent is $500 per week. Four times a day. 60 
miles an hour. 
This, that...  are used as follows: 
Number Near (in time or space): here Further away (in time or space): there 
singular This man That day 
plural These men Those days 
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Determiners, Suite 
Some, any Some and any are followed by plural countable nouns and uncountable 
nouns and are used as follows: some cars any cars 
 some money any money 
Some Some is used: 
• in affirmative sentences: He's got some books from the library. 
• in offers and requests: Could I have some books, please? Why don't you 
take some books home with you? 
• in questions where the answer yes is expected : Did he give you some tea? 
(= I'm sure he did.) 
Any Any: 
• in negatives (not any = no; hardly any; never any): There isn't any reason to 
complain. 
• in questions: Have they got any children? 
• in if-sentences: If there are any problems with his work, tell me. 
• in affirmative sentences where any = 'no matter which', 'no matter who', 
'no matter what': You can borrow any of my books. 
Some, any: 
their 
compounds 
Their compounds, which are always singular, are: 
• someone/somebody, something, somewhere. I have something to say. 
• anyone/anybody, anything, anywhere. Does anybody have the time? 
You may invite anybody to dinner, I don't mind. 
• no one/nobody, nothing, nowhere. Homeless people have nowhere to go 
at night. 
• (everyone/everybody, everything, everywhere). 
They can be followed by else. There’s nothing else to do. 
Expressions of 
quantity 
The chart below shows which expressions of quantity are used with: 
Uncountable nouns (singular) Plural countable nouns 
much many 
an amount of a number of 
little few 
a little a few 
less fewer 
several 
 both 
 a couple of 
• How much money do you have? 
• Both students have passed their exams. 
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Determiners, Suite 
Little/ a little Little/few : 
− mean “not a lot, hardly any”: Few tourists visited the area because of the 
oil spill. 
− have a negative meaning: The project failed because too little money was 
spent on it. 
A little/a few 
− mean “some”: I need only a little help to finish this work. 
− are more positive: For a few dollars more, you can walk up to the top. 
− can be used with only: Only a little progress has been made. 
Most Most can be followed by: 
• a noun : Most trainees haven't done much work. 
• of + determiner + noun : Most of my friends will come to the party. 
 + object pronoun : Most of them have work to do. 
Each/every Each and every are similar in meaning and are both followed by a singular 
noun. 
Each Every 
• separates (one by one) 
Each child received a present. 
• is used for a small number (two or more) 
• can be a pronoun 
Each of the children received a present. 
• generalizes (all) 
Every child in the world deserves affection. 
• is used for a large number (three or more) 
• also means how often something happens 
and is therefore followed by a plural noun 
He had a break every two hours. 
All/whole All and whole are similar in meaning: 
All Whole 
• + uncountable noun means complete, 
entire 
all my life, all the money, all cheese 
• + plural countable noun generalises 
All families suffered during the war. 
• comes after determiner + singular countable 
noun and means complete, entire 
my whole life 
• + plural countable noun = complete, entire 
Whole families were deported. 
All day/evening... = the whole day/evening... = the complete day/evening... 
from beginning to end 
Every day/evening/three weeks... says how often something happens 
All the time = always 
Every time = each time, on every occasion 
The whole time = from beginning to end 
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Pronouns 
Definition A pronoun is a word that is used instead of a more precise noun or noun-
phrase. 
Tip Check who or what it refers to! 
Personal 
pronouns 
Personal pronouns can be classified as follows: 
Subject Object Reflexive Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns 
I me myself my mine 
you you yourself/yourselves your yours 
he him himself his his 
she her herself her hers 
it it itself its its 
we us ourselves our ours 
they them themselves their theirs 
 • A subject pronoun must be used in complement position after the verb to 
be: It was he who told us. 
• Only subject pronouns can be used in a subject position: My brother and 
I are going to join the same fraternity. 
Relative 
pronouns 
Relative pronouns are both : 
− subjects or objects of verbs 
− like conjunctions, joining clauses together 
Function Person Thing 
subject 
who 
I'm sure I know the person who 
served us. 
which 
New York, which attracts many tourists, is often 
crowded. 
object 
(who/whom) 
The woman (who/whom) you met 
at the party is an engineer. 
which, (that) 
Have you seen his film, which was excellent by 
the way? 
Have you seen the film (that) he was telling us 
about? 
possessive 
whose 
My friend, whose flat is being 
redecorated, is staying at home. 
whose 
The computer, whose keyboard is broken, has 
been sent to the after-sales service. 
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Pronouns, Suite 
What / which When a relative clause : 
• refers to the whole sentence before it, we use which 
Luke pushed his colleague into the swimming pool at the staff party, which 
seemed to amuse everyone. 
• has no antecedent and means ‘ the thing(s) that’, we use what 
What I want to do is make a fresh start. 
That-clause A that-clause can be the subject of a sentence: 
(The fact) That + subject + verb + verb ... 
 subject 
That she wanted to resign didn't surprise me. 
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Adjectives and adverbs 
Tip Check that the adjective is placed before the noun 
Remember that adjectives are always singular 
Tip Check that the adverb is often placed : 
− before or after a verb 
− before an adjective 
− before another adverb 
Remember that most adverbs are formed as follows: adjective + ly 
slow slowly final finally 
Adjectives or 
adverbs 
Adjectives only 
costly, friendly, likely, lively  
Both adjectives and adverbs 
daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early, quarterly, 
hourly, nightly, fast, straight, well 
Adjectives Adverbs 
free • free (without payment) You can come in free. 
• freely (without limit) He could speak freely about it. 
hard • hard He works hard. 
• hardly (= almost not) He hardly knows her. 
high 
• high Planes fly high. 
• highly (=very much) a highly paid job 
late 
• late He left work late. 
• lately (=recently) What have you been doing lately? 
pretty 
• prettily She danced prettily. 
• pretty (= rather) Temperatures are pretty high. 
wide 
• wide Open the door wide. 
• widely (in many different places) He has traveled widely. 
Verbs + 
adjective 
The following (state) verbs can only be followed by adjectives not adverbs: 
be, seem, become, appear, prove, 
look, sound, taste, feel, smell (verbs of senses) 
It sounds good to me. 
Chances of survival seem hopeless. 
Note : 
The adjectives alike, alive, alone, afraid, asleep can only appear after the 
above verbs and never directly in front of the nouns they describe. 
Ads all look alike. 
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Adjectives and adverbs, Suite 
Adjectives: -ed 
or -ing 
Be careful when using the following adjectives: 
A story can be You can feel 
interesting interested 
amusing amused 
annoying annoyed 
boring bored 
confusing confused 
disappointing disappointed 
exciting excited 
tiring tired 
Hyphenated 
adjectives 
When expressions of measurement, amount and quantity are used as 
hyphenated adjectives, they are: 
− singular 
− formed as follows: 
article + cardinal number - singular noun + noun 
Example : 
• It is a three-hour drive to Chicago. 
• He had no change for a fifty-dollar bill. 
• They will invest in a new ten-ton truck. 
Such/so Such is used before nouns, with or without adjectives, to emphasize. 
It may not be such a bad idea. 
So is used before adjectives, without nouns, to emphasize. 
It’s no longer so economical to live in the country. 
Expressions with such and so can be followed by that-clauses; then they 
express cause and result. 
His business became so successful (that) he moved to larger headquarters. 
Enough Enough is used as follows: 
 enough + noun 
 adjective/ adverb + enough 
and is followed by the infinitive 
Example : 
• Did you have enough time to finish the report? 
• He wasn't experienced enough for the job. 
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Adjectives and adverbs, Suite 
Tip If you have “than”, you need to find the comparative! 
Comparative 
and superlative 
The comparative is used to compare two things and it is followed by than. 
The conference was more interesting than people thought. 
Costs have risen faster than incomes. 
The superlative is used to compare more than two things and is used with 
the definite article the. 
You should choose the most appropriate solution that is offered. 
You are among the earliest to discover the new fares. 
Comparative and superlative adjectives are formed as follows : 
Adjective Comparative Superlative 
one-syllable 
hard 
-er 
harder 
-est 
hardest 
two-syllable ending in -y 
early 
-er 
earlier 
-est 
earliest 
other two-syllable and long 
tiring 
intelligent 
more 
more tiring 
more intelligent 
most 
most tiring 
most intelligent 
some two-syllable 
quiet 
clever 
simple 
more or -er 
more quiet 
cleverer 
simpler 
most or -est 
quietest 
most clever 
most simple 
Irregular 
comparatives/ 
superlatives 
Some adjectives have irregular comparatives and superlatives as shown in 
the following table : 
Adjective Comparative Superlative 
good better best 
bad worse worst 
far further/farther furthest/farthest 
little less least 
much more most 
 Example : 
• The situation should get better soon. 
• How much further is it? 
• The new model uses less gas. 
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Adjectives and adverbs, Suite 
A lot, much... 
with 
comparatives 
Before the comparatives of adjectives you can use : 
much, a lot, a little, a bit, far, any, no, rather, slightly, significantly 
If we leave any later than 5.00 we'll get caught in rush hour. 
As... as We use as... as to say that people or things are equal in some way. 
Copies are almost as expensive as originals. 
Note: 
• as much... as..., as many... as... 
I didn't get as much money as I had hoped. 
• twice/ three times... as... as... 
A US worker is 10 times as expensive as a worker in Mexico. 
• the same... as... 
The look is the same as it would have been back in the 60s. 
Double 
comparatives 
We can use double comparatives 
• er and er : 
Our nation gets fatter and fatter every year. 
• more and more + adjective : 
The problem gets more and more difficult to solve the further you go. 
to say that something is increasing all the time. 
The... the... We can use comparatives with the definite article the 
The more you say, the worse the situation will be. 
The more, the merrier. 
to say that two changes happen together. 
One, some, 
another, other 
One, some, another, other can be adjectives and pronouns and are used as 
follows: 
Adjective Pronoun 
one 
another 
the other 
+ singular noun 
one 
another 
the other 
some 
other 
the other 
+ plural noun (the) others 
 • Have you met Frank’s associates? 
I've met one. I didn't know he had another (associate). 
He has three others (three other associates). 
• It is essential to complete this form before filling out the other (form). 
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Adjectives and adverbs, Suite 
Adjectives + 
preposition 
Some prepositions combine with adjectives : 
Adjective Preposition 
amazed, surprised 
good, excellent 
bad, terrible 
at 
delighted, (dis)pleased, (dis)satisfied, disappointed 
bored, fed up 
crowded 
with 
keen, short on 
known, famous 
responsible for 
interested in 
equal, similar 
superior, inferior 
committed, dedicated 
married, engaged, related 
used, accustomed 
to 
kind, nice, (im)polite, generous, good 
rude, mean 
to sb 
of sb to do sth 
different from (GB)/than 
(US) 
excited 
worried, upset about 
sorry 
angry, furious 
annoyed 
about sth 
with sb for doing 
sth 
jealous, envious, suspicious 
aware, conscious 
afraid, frightened, scared, terrified 
fond 
full 
capable, incapable 
proud, ashamed 
tired 
typical 
short 
of 
The + 
adjectives 
The is used with adjectives to represent a class of persons; the meaning is 
plural. 
Example: 
• The French eat frog legs. 
• The young are worried about the future. 
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Adjectives and adverbs, Suite 
Tip Check that the adverb does not separate the verb and its object. 
He speaks English fluently. 
Adverbs in 
mid-position 
Adverbs that go in mid-position express: 
• frequency: never, rarely, always 
• certainty: probably, certainly, obviously 
• degree: nearly, almost, quite 
The word order for adverbs in mid-position is as follows : 
Tense Subject Auxiliary 
verb 
Adverb Verb Complement 
To be in simple tenses I am usually right 
Perfect tenses He has already seen this film 
Modal auxiliary verbs We can sometimes play tennis 
Simple tenses She hardly cooks dinner 
Passive with 
2 auxiliary verbs 
He has never been 
remembered 
for his novels 
Only / even Only and even go just before the words they emphasize. 
It will only take (only) five minutes. 
They have even forgotten (even) his name. 
Sometimes / 
sometime 
Sometimes : 
• means occasionally 
• answers the question How often? 
 Law may be sometimes hard for the individual. 
Sometime 
• means at one moment in the future 
• answers the question When? 
Let's have dinner together sometime. 
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Verbs and tenses 
Tip Always make sure that : 
• there is a verb in the sentence 
• that this verb is conjugated. 
Auxiliary verbs Auxiliary verbs are used: 
• to make different tenses 
− be + -ing : continuous tenses He is working. 
− be + -ed (past participle) : passive He was contacted. 
− have + -ed (past participle): perfect tenses We have phoned them. 
− do (questions and negatives in simple tenses) He didn’t say anything. 
• to express meanings such as possibility, advisability, and necessity (modal 
auxiliary verbs) 
can, could 
will, would 
shall, should 
may, might 
must, ought to 
+ verb (base form) They will come. 
English tenses There are 12 tenses in English. 
Simple tenses Continuous tenses 
Simple present I listen 
 I don’t listen 
 Does he listen? 
Present continuous I am listening 
 You aren’t listening 
 Is she listening? 
Simple past I listened 
(preterite) She didn’t listen 
 Did they listen? 
Past continuous I was listening 
 She wasn’t listening 
 Were that listening? 
Simple future I will listen 
 They won’t listen 
 Will you listen? 
Future continuous I will be listening 
Perfect tenses Perfect continuous tenses 
Present perfect I have listened 
 He hasn’t listened 
 Have you listened? 
Present perfect continuous I have been listening 
Past perfect I had listened Past perfect continuous I had been listening 
Future perfect I will have listened Future perfect continuous I will have been listening 
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Verbs and tenses, Suite 
State and 
action verbs 
Action verbs can be continuous. State verbs cannot usually be 
continuous: 
believe, belong, consist of, depend on, deserve, exist, know, like, 
mean, own, need, prefer, remember, seem, understand, want 
But some of them can be used either for a state or for an action: 
State verbs (simple tenses) Action verbs (simple or continuous) 
I think he'll come (believe) I'm thinking about it (ponder, consider) 
I have a dog (own) I'm having a hot dog. 
I see what you mean (understand) I'm seeing the doctor (meet) 
You look nice I'm looking at a picture 
Time markers 
referring to the 
present 
The following time markers very often imply the use of: 
Present simple Present continuous 
• always, usually, often, sometimes, 
hardly ever, rarely, never 
• every day/week 
• once/twice a week 
• on Sundays 
to express habitual actions 
They make reservations only on 
Mondays. 
• still, currently, right now, at the 
moment, presently 
• today, this morning 
to express an action at or around the 
time of speaking 
Prices are currently hovering around 
$400. 
• tomorrow, tonight, in two days 
to express the immediate future 
He is leaving tomorrow for Texas. 
Time markers 
referring to the 
past 
The following time markers very often imply the use of: 
Present perfect Past 
• ever, never, yet, already, before, 
almost, nearly, just 
 meaning at any time up to now, by 
now 
• so far, recently, lately, all my 
life... referring to a period up to 
now 
• since + a point in time 
(It is when the action started) 
• How long?, for + a period of time 
up to now 
How long have you been a teacher? 
• a date 
• yesterday (morning), last 
night/weekend, at that time, 
once, at one time, formerly, 
previously, in those days, then, 
after, before 
• for 
used to say how long something 
lasted 
• duration + ago 
The manager called before the 
meeting. 
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Verbs and tenses, Suite 
Sequence of 
tenses 
Note: 
Main clause Since-clause 
Present perfect tense Past tense 
 Since Ms Sutton was hired, competition among employees has increased. 
Verbs often 
confused 
Some verbs are often confused : 
Infinitive Past tense Past participle 
beat 
bite 
beat 
bit 
beaten 
bitten 
feel 
fall 
fill 
file 
felt 
fell 
filled 
filed 
felt 
fallen 
filled 
filed 
lay 
lie 
lie 
laid 
lay 
lied 
laid 
lain 
lied 
raise 
rise 
raised 
rose 
raised 
risen 
strike 
stroke 
struck 
stroked 
struck 
stroked 
English ≠ 
American 
Some verbs are regular in one language and irregular in the other : 
Infinitive English American 
burn, dream, lean, learn, 
smell, spell, spill, spoil 
burnt – burnt, dreamt – 
dreamt, leant – leant 
regular 
wake woke - woken regular / irregular 
fit 
quit 
wet 
prove 
regular 
regular 
regular 
regular 
fit - fit 
quit - quit 
wet – wet 
proved - proven 
dive regular dove - dived 
get got - got got – gotten 
Tip When the verb is in the past, check whether it is the right form of the past 
(regular or irregular). 
When the verb is in a perfect tense, check whether it is the right form of 
the past participle (regular or irregular). 
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Verbs and tenses, Suite 
Irregular verbs Infinitive Past tense Past participle 
arise /ai/ 
ride /ai/ 
rise /ai/ 
drive /ai/ 
write /ai/ 
take 
mistake 
undertake 
shake 
bear /e/ 
swear /e/ 
tear /e/ 
wear /e/ 
become 
come 
run 
begin 
drink 
ring 
sing 
sink 
spring 
swim 
bend 
lend 
send 
spend 
smell 
build 
lose 
bet 
bid 
burst 
cast 
cost 
cut 
hit 
hurt 
let 
put 
set 
shut 
spread 
upset 
arose 
rode 
rose 
drove 
wrote 
took 
mistook 
undertook 
shook 
bore 
swore 
tore 
wore 
became 
came 
ran 
began 
drank 
rang 
sang 
sank 
sprang/sprung 
swam 
bent 
lent 
sent 
spent 
smelt 
built 
lost 
bet 
bid 
burst 
cast 
cost 
cut 
hit 
hurt 
let 
put 
set 
shut 
spread 
upset 
arisen /i/ 
ridden /i/ 
risen /i/ 
driven /i/ 
written /i/ 
taken 
mistaken 
undertaken 
shaken 
borne/born 
sworn 
torn 
worn 
become 
come 
run 
begun 
drunk 
rung 
sung 
sunk 
sprung 
swum 
bent 
lent 
sent 
spent 
smelt 
built 
lost 
bet 
bid 
burst 
cast 
cost 
cut 
hit 
hurt 
let 
put 
set 
shut 
spread 
upset 
Ce sujet continue page suivante 
 15/09/2006 v 1.00 21
Verbs and tenses, Suite 
Infinitive Past tense Past participle 
blow 
grow 
throw 
know 
fly 
draw 
withdraw 
break 
choose 
freeze 
speak 
forget 
steal 
weave 
bring 
buy 
fight 
seek 
think 
catch 
teach 
deal /i:/ 
mean /i:/ 
burn 
learn 
cling 
dig 
fling 
shrink 
spin 
swing 
stick 
sting 
strike 
hang 
eat 
give 
forgive 
forbid 
hide /ai/ 
bite /ai/ 
beat /i:/ 
fall 
blew /u/ 
grew /u/ 
threw /u/ 
knew /u/ 
flew /u/ 
drew /u/ 
withdrew /u/ 
broke 
chose 
froze 
spoke 
forgot 
stole 
wove 
brought /ot/ 
bought /ot/ 
fought /ot/ 
sought /ot/ 
thought /ot/ 
caught /ot/ 
taught /ot/ 
dealt /e/ 
meant /e/ 
burnt 
learnt 
clung 
dug 
flung 
shrank/shrunk 
spun 
swung 
stuck 
stung 
struck 
hung 
ate 
gave 
forgave 
forbade 
hid /i/ 
bit /i/ 
beat /i:/ 
fell 
blown 
grown 
thrown 
known 
flown 
drawn 
withdrawn 
broken 
chosen 
frozen 
spoken 
forgotten 
stolen 
woven 
brought /ot/ 
bought /ot/ 
fought /ot/ 
sought /ot/ 
thought /ot/ 
caught /ot/ 
taught /ot/ 
dealt /e/ 
meant /e/ 
burnt 
learnt 
clung 
dug 
flung 
shrunk 
spun 
swung 
stuck 
stung 
struck 
hung 
eaten 
given 
forgiven 
forbidden 
hidden /i/ 
bitten /i/ 
beaten /i:/ 
fallen 
Ce sujet continue page suivante 
 15/09/2006 v 1.00 22
Verbs and tenses, Suite 
Infinitive Past tense Past participle 
feed /i:/ 
lead /i:/ 
meet /i:/ 
read /i:/ 
shoot 
hear 
flee 
find 
wind /ai/ 
stand 
understand 
lay /ai/ 
say /ai/ 
pay /ai/ 
creep 
feel 
keep 
kneel 
sleep 
sweep 
weep 
show 
sow 
mow 
get 
shine 
win 
sit 
hold 
sell 
tell 
have 
make 
leave 
slide /ai/ 
be 
go 
lie 
see 
fed /e/ 
led /e/ 
met /e/ 
read /e/ 
shot 
heard 
fled 
found 
wound 
stood 
understood 
laid /e/ 
said /e/ 
paid /e/ 
crept 
felt 
kept 
knelt 
slept 
swept 
wept 
showed 
sowed 
mowed 
got 
shone 
won 
sat 
held 
sold 
told 
had 
made 
left 
slid /i/ 
was/were 
went 
lay 
saw 
fed /e/ 
led /e/ 
met /e/ 
read /e/ 
shot 
heard 
fled 
found 
wound 
stood 
understood 
laid /e/ 
said /