Lý thuyết và bài tập về Reported speech (Câu tường thuật)

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REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT) 
1. Reported statements (câu tường thuật câu trần thuật) 
- Cấu trúc: said + (that) + S + V 
 said + to + O + (that) + S + V 
 told + O + (that) + S + V 
- Ví dụ: 
• Direct: Kate said, "I will study harder.” Kate nói, “Tôi sẽ học hành chăm chỉ hơn.” 
• Indirect: Kate said that she would study harder. Kate nói rằng cô ấy sẽ học hành chăm 
chỉ hơn. 
- Lưu ý sự khác biệt trong cách sử dụng “said” and “told” như sau: 
+ Sau “said”, có thể có hoặc không có tân ngữ. Trường hợp có tân ngữ đi kèm, ta cần sử 
dụng giới từ “to” xen giữa “said” và tân ngữ. 
+ Còn “told” thì luôn cần tân ngữ theo sau, và không cần giới từ đi kèm. 
Ví dụ: 
• Direct: "I want to go home." ("Tôi muốn về nhà.") 
• Indirect: 
She said she wanted to go home. (Cô ấy nói rằng cô ấy muốn về nhà). 
She said to me that she wanted to go home. (Cô ấy nói với tôi rằng cô ấy muốn về nhà.) 
She told me she wanted to go home. (Cô ấy bảo tôi rằng cô ấy muốn về nhà.) 
Reported questions (Câu hỏi tường thuật) 
Khi tường thuật lại một câu hỏi chúng ta cũng thực hiện các biến đổi về thì của động từ, 
các đại từ và từ chỉ định, các trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn phù hợp với văn cảnh. 
Ngoài ra chúng ta cần lưu ý một số điểm sau: 
2.1. Yes/ No questions: 
- Cấu trúc: asked (O)/ wondered/ wanted to know + if/ whether + S + V 
- Ví dụ: 
• Direct: "Do you study English well?", Mary asked Mai. “Bạn học tiếng Anh có giỏi 
không?”, Mary hỏi Mai. 
• Indirect: 
Mary asked Mai if she studied English well. 
Mary asked Mai whether she studied English well. Mary đã hỏi Mai xem cô ấy học tiếng 
Anh có giỏi không. 
2.2. Wh-questions: 
- Cấu trúc: asked (O)/ wondered/ wanted to know + question word + S + V 
- Ví dụ: 
• Direct: "What did you say?", she asked. “Bạn nói gì vậy?”, cô ấy hỏi. 
• Indirect: She asked what I had said. Cô ấy hỏi rằng tôi đã nói gì. 
3. Reported requests/ orders (Câu tường thuật yêu cầu/ mệnh lệnh) 
- Cấu trúc: asked/ told/ begged/ requested/ urged + O + (not) + to V 
Tùy vào sắc thái ý nghĩa và văn cảnh của câu mà các em lựa chọn sử dụng asked (yêu cầu, 
bảo), told (bảo, ra lệnh), begged (van xin, nài nỉ), requested (yêu cầu, đề nghị), urged (cố 
thuyết phục) sao cho phù hợp. 
- Ví dụ 1: 
• Direct: "Can you help me with my homework, please?", she asked me. “Bạn có thể giúp 
mình làm bài tập về nhà được không?”, cô ấy hỏi tôi. 
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• Indirect: She asked me to help her with her homework. Cô ấy nhờ tôi giúp cô ấy làm bài 
tập về nhà. 
- Ví dụ 2: 
• Direct: "Don’t play computer games!", my mother told me. “Không được chơi trò chơi 
điện tử !”, mẹ ra lệnh cho tôi. 
• Indirect: My mother told me not to play computer games. Mẹ tôi ra lệnh cho tôi không 
được chơi trò chơi điện tử. 
4. Reported advice (Câu tường thuật lời khuyên) 
- Cấu trúc: advised + O + (not) + to V 
 advised that + S + should + V 
- Ví dụ: 
• Direct: “You should see the dentist,” said Mai. "Bạn nên đi khám nha sỹ," Mai nói. 
• Indirect: 
Mai advised me to see the dentist. 
Mai advised that I should see the dentist. Mai khuyên tôi nên đi khám nha sĩ. 
Choose the correct option to complete the second sentence. 
1. Our teacher asked us, “What are you most worried about?” 
=> Our teacher asked us_____________________________________ 
A. what we were most worried about. 
B. what you were most worried about. 
C. what were we most worried about? 
2. "I got a very high score in my last test, Mum," she said. 
=> She told her mother_____________________________________ 
A. she had got a very high score in my last test. 
B. she had got a very high score in her last test. 
C. she got a very high score in her last test. 
3. "Do you sleep at least eight hours a day?" the doctor asked him. 
=> The doctor asked him_____________________________________ 
A. whether he sleeps at least eight hours a day. 
B. did he sleep at least eight hours a day? 
C. if he slept at least eight hours a day. 
4. "You should visit this company’s website", he told me. 
=> He advised me_____________________________________ 
A. to visit this company’s website. 
B. to visit that company's website. 
C. visited that company’s website. 
5. "I sent you the book last week," my mother told me. 
=> My mother said_____________________________________ 
A. she had sent me the book the week before. 
B. she had sent me the book the previous week. 
C. Both A & B are correct. 
Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech. 
1. "The support service was set up yesterday," Nick told me. 
. 
2. She said, "I don't know why I am so tired today." 
. 
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3. They said, "We are taking English classes here." 
. 
4. He asked me, "Can you lend me your bike this morning?" 
. 
5. "If I were you, I would get some sleep", she advised me. 
. 
Choose the best option to complete the sentence. 
1: Julia said that she ............... there at noon. 
 A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be 
2: He ............... that he was leaving that afternoon. 
A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. says to me 
3: She said to me that she ............... to me the Sunday before. 
A. wrote B. has written C. was writing D. had written 
4: I ............... him to sell that old motorbike. 
A. said to B. suggested C. advised D. recommended 
5: My parents reminded me ............... the flowers. 
A. remember to plant B. Plant C. to plant D. planting 
6: I asked Martha ............... to enter law school. 
A. are you planning B. is she planning C. was she planning D. if she was planning 
Choose the best option to complete the sentence. 
1: Nam wanted to know what time ............... 
A. does the movie begin B. did the movie begin C. the movie begins D. the movie 
began 
2: I wondered ............... the right thing. 
A. whether I was doing B. if I am doing C. was I doing D. am I doing 
3: The scientist said the earth ............... the sun. 
A. goes round B. is going around C. went around D. was going around 
4: Peter said that if he ............... rich, he ............... a lot. 
A. is – will travel B. were – would travel 
C. had been – would have travelled D. was – will travel 
5: They said that they had been driving through the desert ............... 
A. the previous day B. yesterday C. the last day D. Sunday previously 
6: He asked the children ............... too much noise. 
A. not to make B. not making C. don’t make D. if they don’t make 
7: The man said that money ............... the passport to everything. 
A. will be B. is C. was D. can be 
8: The teacher said Columbus ............... America in 1942. 
A. discovered B. had discovered C. was discovering D. would discover 
9: John said he ............... her since they ............... school. 
A. hasn’t met - left B. hadn’t met - had left C. hadn’t met - left D. didn’t meet - has 
left 
10: The woman asked ............... get lunch at school. 
A. can the children B. whether the children could C. if the children can D. could the 
children 
11: Laura said that when she ............... to school, she saw an accident. 
A. was walking B. has walked C. had been walking D. has been walking 
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12: He asked, “Why didn’t she take the final exam?” – He asked why ............... the final 
exam. 
A. she took B. did she take C. she hadn’t taken D. she had taken 
13: Ba said he ............... some good marks the semester before. 
A. gets B. got C. had gotten D. have got 
14: They told their parents that they ............... their best to do the test. 
A. try B. will try C. are trying D. would try 
15: I’ve been studying very hard for my final exams but I always feel .. 
A. happy B. calm C. worried D. healthy 
Choose the correct option to complete the second sentence 
1. "What's the matter?" 
She asked me _______. 
A. what was the matter 
B. what the matter was 
C. if what was the matter 
2. She said that _______. 
A. she can speak three languages 
B. she is able to speak three languages 
C. she could speak three languages 
3. "Where will we meet?" 
He asked his girlfriend _______. 
A. where they will meet 
B. where would they meet 
C. where they would meet 
4. "Do you want a cup of tea?" 
I asked him _______. 
A. if he wants a cup of tea 
B. whether you wanted a cup of tea 
C. whether he wanted a cup of tea 
5. He asked me _______. 
A. what my name was. 
B. what is my name? 
C. what was my name. 
6. "I listen to English songs every morning." 
Josh said (that) _______. 
A. he listened to English songs every morning 
B. he listens to English songs every morning 
C. she listened to English songs every morning 
7. "Do you enjoy the gala dinner?" 
They asked me _______." 
A. if I enjoyed the gala dinner 
B. whether I enjoy the gala dinner or not 
C. if I had enjoyed the gala dinner 
8. "You must study harder." 
The teacher said (that) _______. 
A. we must study harder 
B. they had to study harder 
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C. we studied harder 
9. "These newspapers are boring." 
They said (that) _______. 
A. these newspapers are boring 
B. those newspapers were boring 
C. these newspapers were boring 
10. I said to her, "How do you go to school?" 
I wondered _______. 
A. how she went to school. 
B. how did she go to school? 
C. how she did go to school. 
Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech. 
1. She said, “I don't know why I am so tired today.” 
. 
2. He said, “I will give the money back tomorrow.” 
. 
3. Minh shouted, “There is a mouse under this table.” 
. 
4. John asked the librarian, “Where can I find novels?” 
. 
5. I asked Hung, “May I borrow these hats until next Friday?” 
. 
6. They said, “We are taking English classes here.” 
. 
7. Dad said, “Jack isn't at school now.” 
. 
8. She asked the reporters, “How can you drive here in this storm?” 
. 
9. The teacher told his students, “You must do homework every day.” 
. 
10. He told me, “I’ll fix your bike today.” 
. 
11. “I have to buy wrapping paper and a birthday card this week,” I told Phuong. 
. 
12. He asked me, “Can you lend me your bike this morning?” 
. 
Change the following sentences from direct to indirect speech using the suggested 
words. 
1. "You shouldn't underestimate your opponents." Park Hang Seo said to his team 
members. (advised) 
.. 
2. "Will you make it to the party next week?" Sam asked me. (if) 
.. 
3. "Will you do the household chores for me?" asked my mother. (told) 
.. 
4. "Let me help you carry this box." Joe said to her. (offer) 
.. 
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5. "How long have you been a fan of Cong Phuong?" the MC asked me. (asked) 
.. 
6. "How about taking the earliest train to our destination?" Claire asked her friends. 
(suggested) 
.. 
7. "How about taking the earliest train to our destination?" Claire asked her friends. 
(suggested) 
.. 
8. "Does this shirt go with this tie?" the husband asked his wife. (not) 
.. 
9. "Have you discussed this problem with your teacher?" Jenny asked me. (whether) 
.. 
10. "Stay away from this fierce dog." the police officer said to us. (required) 
.. 
11. "When will your book be published?" asked my brother. (asked)