Lý thuyết và bài tập rèn luyện ôn thi học kỳ II môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 8

REVISION OF THE SECOND-TERM EXAMINATION (8th form)
I/ TENSES: ( thì ) 
1.Simple Present tense: ( thì hiện tại đơn )
a/ -To be: am, is, are 
b/- Ordinary verbs:
 - I/ We/ You/ They/ 2 + V - S+ don’t + V - Do+ I/ we/ you/ they/ 2 + V ? 
 - He/ She/ It/ 1 + Vs/es - S+ doesn’t + V - Does + he/ she / it/ 1 + V ?
Từ nhận diện: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every,
2. Present continuous tense: (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn )
 S + am/ is / are + V.ing
Từ nhận diện: now, at present, at the moment, hoặc Look! ; Listen!; Be careful!;
3. Simple past tense: (thì quá khứ đơn )
- To be : was , were
I / He / She / It / 1 + was ( not ) - Was + I / he / she / it / 1 --- ?
We / You / They / 2 + were ( not ) - Were+ we/ you / they / 2 --- ?
 -Ordinary verbs: -Did + S+ V ? -S+ didn’t + V
Từ nhận diện: yesterday, last, ago, mốc thời gian ở qua khứ ví dụ 2002, 1998,
4.The near future tense: ( thì tương lai gần hay tương lai dự định )
 Diễn tả sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai nhưng được sắp xếp sẵn hay dự tính trước.
 S + am / is / are + going to + V
 S + am not / is not / are not + going to + V
 Am / Is / Are + S + going to + V ?
Ex: What are you going to do tonight? ( tối nay bạn dự định lam gì?)
 - I’m going to do my math homework. ( tôi dự định làm bài tập toán )
6. Past progressive ( Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn )
- Form: I,She,He,1 + was + Present pasticiple ( V-ing )
	You,We,They,2 + were + V-ing
- Use: - diễn tả sự kiện đang xảy ra tại một điểm thời gian xác định trong quá khứ
	Ex: What were you doing at 2 p.m. yesterday?
Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra thì một hành động khác đến trong quá khứ với “ When và While”
	Ex: Last night when I was doing homework, the electricity went out.
 - diễn tả hai hay nhiều sự kiện xảy ra cùng một lúc song song trong quá khứ 
 Ex: Last Friday as I was swimming at the pool, my father was visiting the City Museum.
* ALWAYS with the past progressive: always dùng với thì tiếp diễn để diễn tả sự việc lặp đi lặp lại gây cho người nói sự bực mình, khó chịu (Ex: He was always coming to work late.)
7. Present perfect tense( Thì hiện tại hoàn thành )
 I / You/ We/ They + have
 + PP ( V-ed/ V-2)
 He/ She/ It + has
Use :- Dùng để miêu tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả còn lưu lại đến hiện tại với : 
 * Since + mốc thời gian; For + Khoảng thời gian
 Ex: You have studied English for 4 years.
	 Ex: She has studied English since 2003
 - Dùng để diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra với “ JUST ”- She has just gone out.
 - Dùng để diễn đạt điều gì đó xảy ra sớm hơn mong đợi hoặc để nhấn mạnh một hành động đã được hoàn tất với “ already: đã.rồi)
	- Dùng để diễn đạt điều gì đó được mong đợi ở tương lai hoặc để nhấn mạnh một hành động chưa được hoàn tất với (Yet: chưa; Not.yet) chỉ được dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi
	Ex: He hasn’t finished his work yet.
 - Câu hỏi với “ Ever: từng”và câu trả lời với “ Never: chưa bao giờ”
 Ex: Have you ever been to Hue? I have never gone. 
Exercises: Simple past & past progressive:
1. The door bell (ring) ____________while Tom (watch) ______________-TV.
2. How fast you (drive) ____________when the accident (happen)__________________?
3. Ann and Susan (make) ___________dinner when Martin __________________(arrive). 
4. The light (go) ________out while we (have) _________dinner.But it (come) _______on again after ten minutes.
5. What you (do) _________at this time yesterday? - I (work) ___________on the computer.
Exercises: Simple past & present perfect;
1. We ( move ) ___________here in 1993. We ( be) ____________here for a long time.
2. Tom ( left) ____________a message for you. He (ring) ___________last night.
3. I (work) _____________for a company for a year that was after college.
4. Her son (not visit) ________________her for a long time. 
Exercise: Simple present & simple future:
1. We ( go) ___________out when the rain (stop)__________________.
2. She ( not/come) ___________until you (be) _______________ready.
3. I (come) ____________--and see them before I ( leave) ______________here.
4. We ( phone) ___________you as soon as we ( arrive ) _____________in Hanoi.
5. When I (see) __________Mr. Pike tomorrow, I ( give) ___________him your message.
6. He promises he ( come) ___________before the sun (rise)_____________
Exercise: Supply the correct form of the verbs in the brackets in the correct form:
1 .The Moon (move)..............around the Earth .
2 ....................you (watch ) ....................the soccer match yesterday.?
3 .My mother (travel)..............................Hai Phong tomorrow.
4 .We (live)...............in Dak Lak for ten years
5. She (stay) ............ here for 2 weeks.
6. We should go home. It (get) ......... darker and darker.
7. Water ( boil)............. at 1000C
8. I (meet) ............... Lan at the station yesterday.
9. Would you mind (take) ...........................some photos?
10. It was late, so we decided (take)........................... a taxi home
II/ In order(not) to/ so as(not) to + inf (để) : chỉ mục đích
Exercise:
1/ Thanh and Nga are going to Australia. They want to learn English. ................................................................
2/ She wore warm clothes. She didn’t want to get cold. .......................................................................................
3/ My elder brother studies hard this year. He wants to pass the entrance exam to the university.
.............................................................................................................................................................................
III/ Modal “will” to make Requests, Offers and Promises: “will” dùng để diễn tả lời yêu cầu, lời đề nghị và lời hứa
- Will you +. , please? Diễn tả lời yêu cầu. - Ex: Will you turn of the fan, please ? - I’m cold. 
- I will +................? Diễn tả lời đề nghị làm điều gì cho ai . -Ex: The phone is ringing . I’ll answer for you.
- I promises I will +........... : Diễn tả lời hứa - Ex: I promise I will go to school on time
IV/ Passive forms: Thể Bị Động
*Form : S + BE + past participle (PP)
1. Present simple(Hiện tại đơn) : S+am/is/are + PP
2. Present progressive(Hiện tại tiếp diễn) : S + am/is/are+being + PP
3. Present perfest(Hiện tại Hòan thành): S + have/has + been + PP
4. Past simple (Quá khứ đơn) : S + was/were + PP
5. Past progressive (Quá khứ tiếp diễn): S + was/were + being + PP
6. Future simple(Tương lai đơn) : S + will+ be + PP	
7. Near future (Tương lai gần): S + to be(am/is/are)+going to+ Be + PP
* Exercise:Turn these sentences into Passive Voice:
1.Taxis and buses are taking tourists around the city . ..
2.Lan has made these cakes. ..
3.The interviewer will ask you a lot of questions
4.They were cutting grass when the car stopped near the gate.
5.I meet John at the bus-stop every morning
6. She wrote that letter last night. 
7. They are going to paint their house. ..
V/ Adjectives followed by an infinitive or a clause. (Tính từ được theo sau bởi một động từ nguyên mẫu hoặc một mệnh đề danh từ)
1. S + be + adjective + (not)+ to- inf . Ex .: I’m glad to meet you again.
2. S + be + Adj + that clause Ex: I’m glad that you can make it.
* Exercise:Rewrite the sentences, using the Adj + to-inf
1/ Your writing / difficult/ read. 
2/ They / ready/ start/ now. 
3. It/ not/ easy/ answer/ these questions. .
4. We/ delighted/ get/ your letter/ yesterday. 
VI/ Past and present participles: Quá khứ phân từ và Hiện tại phân từ
1. Past participles ( V-ed/ V3) : được sử dụng như một tính từ để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó, mang nghĩa bị động 
 - Ex: There are many books. They are written in English. ® There are many books written in English
2/ Present participles ( V-ing) : được sử dụng như một tính từ để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó, mang nghĩa chủ động 
Ex: The boy is in my class . He’s reading a book. ® The boy reading a book is in my class.
* Exercise: Combine each pair of sentences, using present participles(V-ing) or past participles (V-ed/V3)
1/ The boy is Ba . He is reading the book. 
2/ The old lamp is five dollars. It is made in China. 
3. Do you know the woman? The woman is talking to Tom. .
4. Most of the goods are exported. They are made in this factory. ..
VII/ Requests with: 
1/ Would / Do you + mind + V-ing . . . ? Dùng để yêu cầu hoặc đề nghị ai làm gì một cách lịch sự .
 Ex:Would you mind telling me the result of the exam?- No, of course not
2/ Dùng để xin phép khi chúng ta muốn làm điều gì một cách lịch sự
a/ Do you mind if + I + V( hiện tại) . . .? Ex: - Do you mind if I open the window? – No, I don’t mind
b/ Would you mind if + I + V( quá khứ) . . .? Ex: Would you mind if I opened the window? – Not at all.
* Exercise:”Use” Do/ Would you mind + V-ing and Do / Would you mind if ..? to make the following requests more polite:
1/ Can I turn on the TV? 
2/ Can you correct this composition for me? .
3/ Can I take a photo of your study coner? .
4. Can I give some advice on your study habits? 
5. Could you solve this math problem for me?  
VIII/ Compound nouns ( danh từ kép)
Danh từ kép được thành lập bởi sự kết hợp giữa một danh từ với một danh động từ.
 Noun + gerund = Compound noun
Noun Gerund Compound noun
Rice cooking rice cooking
Water fetching water fetching
Clothes washing clothes washing
* Exercise: Rewrite the sentences, using a compound word
1.Viet Nam is a country which exports a lot of rice. 
2. This is a machine which is used to wash clothes. 
IX/ Reported speech: 
Lời nói gián tiếp là lời nói tường thuật lại ý của người nói.
Muốn đổi một câu trần thuật khẳng định hoặc phủ định từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp ta phải:
- Đổi các đại từ hoặc tính từ sở hữu ( nếu có) sao cho tương ứng với chủ từ hoặc túc từ ở mệnh đề chính
- Đổi thì của động từ thành thì quá khứ tương ứng
1/ Thay đổi về thì:
a-Present simple :am/is/are/ V(inf)/ V-s/es => Past simple : was/ were/ V-ed/ V-2
Ex:“I listen to music every night” àHe said he listened to music every night
b-Present progressive : am/is/are + V-ing => Past progressive: was/ were + V-ing 
Ex: “I am doing my homework” àShe said she was doing my homework 
c-Simple future : will + inf =>future in the past: would + inf
Ex: “We will come here on time ” à They said they would come there on time.
d-Modal verbs: 
can à could - must à had to - may à might - shallà should
* Các modals : would, should, could, might, ought thường không thay đổi trong lời nói gián tiếp.
2/ Thay đổi về tính từ và trạng từ:
This à that	todayà that day
These àthose	yesterdayàthe day before/ the previous day
Here à there	tomorrow à the day after / the following day
Nowà then	next weekàthe week after/ the following week
Agoà before	last weekàthe week before/ the previous week
* Có thể dùng hoặc không dùng “That” trong câu tường thuật
* Động từ trong câu trần thuật: said to S.O hoặc told S.O
 S + said (to + O) that + S + V / S + told + O + that + S + V 
3.1/ Câu trần thuật khẳng định
 *Exercise: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu trần thuật
“Mandy is at home,” John said.--> John said that ..
“I often read a book,” Nga told me. à Nga told me that ..
3. “I’m watching TV,” Nam said to Vui. à Nam said to Vui that 
4. “We are going to ride a skateboard,” They said. à They said that .
5. “My mother will be 50 years old,” She said. à She said 
6. “ I can swim, “ David said. à David said ..
7. “ The radio doesn’t work,” Helen told me à Helen told me ..
8. “ I must go now,” Linh said. à Linh said 
3.2/ Câu trần thuật nghi vấn
Vì là tường thuật lại một câu hỏi nên thường dùng các từ như asked (đa số), inquired, wondered, wanted to know. Ex: Dung asked him: “Do you like swimming?” àDung asked him if he liked swimming
 S + asked (+ O) + if/ whether + S + V
Nhi: “Do you want to dance?”àNhi asked me	
An: “Will Mandy have lunch with Sue?”àAn asked me	
Hoa: “Must I do the shopping?”àHoa asked	
Minh: “Are the boys reading the book?”à Minh asked me	
Robert: “Is Tim leaving on Friday?”à Robert asked me	
Maryl: “Will it rain tomorrow?”à Mary asked me	
“Do many tourists visit My Son every year?” à Nhi asked Lan ..
“Is My Son in Quang Nam province?”à Thu asked Na 
X/ Question words before to-inf ( những từ để hỏi đứng trước động từ nguyên mẫu có to)
Trong lời nói gián tiếp, động từ nguyên mẫu có TO ( to-inf) có thể được dùng sau các từ để hỏi: What, When, Where, Who( nhưng thường không sau Why)
Ex: She shows me how to get tickets
XI/ Verb + to-inf ( S + V + to-inf) 
Một số động từ thông dụng thường được theo sau bởi động từ nguyên mẫu có TO:
Agree, arrange, ask, begin, choose, decide, hope, want, try (cố gắng), help, intend, plan( dự kiến), learn, start, prepare, offer ( đề nghị), mean ( có ý , có nghĩa)
Ex: I want to go home now.
Exercise: Give correct form of the verbs
Early this morning, Mr.Robinson decided (go) for a run. He left the house and started (jog) ..in the direction of Bay Mau Lake. He thought he might( continue) .around the lake three times before heading home . Unfortunately, after ten minutes, dark clouds began ( gather) .and it started ( rain) ..
Mr.Robinson tried ( reach) .shelter, but within a few seconds he was completely wet. So he decided (go). his run because he couldn’t ( become) . wetter!
Exercise: Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentences printed before it.
1. Is it all right if I take some photograph?	ª Would you mind ___________________________________?
2. “We like this place,” the tourist said.ª The tourist said ___________________________________________
3. She invited me to the party.ª I ____________________________________________________________
4. I started playing the piano two years ago.ª I have ________________________________
5. John said, “Is Phong Nha Cave in Southern Viet Nam, Nhi?”ª John asked _____________________________
6. This question is difficult to understand ª It’s ________________________________________________
7. Many people speak English in the world ª English _____________________________________________
8. Shall I carry your luggage?ª Would ______________________________________________________?
11. The last time I played tennis was in 1990.ª I haven’t ______________________________________________
12. Clement Clark Moore wrote the poem in 1832.ª The poem _________________________________________
13. Can I try on your shoes? àDo ____________________________________________________?
14. The boy was taken to the hospital. He was ịnjured in the accident.
àThe boy ___________________________________________________________________________
15. The boy is Ba. He is reading a book. àThe boy __________________________________________________
Sample Test
I. Choose the word in each group that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest: (1p)
1. 	A. recycle	B. sky 	C. why 	D. country
2.	A.university	B. unit 	C. discuss 	D. computer
 3. A. emergency B. elevate	 C. pressure	 D. stretcher
 4. A. hospital	B. local	 C. box	D. shop
II. Choose the best answer by circling A,B,C or D (2ps)
1.Ba is studying very hard .. pass the final exam. 
A. for B. in order to C. so to D. as to 
2. It is difficult.English pronunciation.
 	 A. to improve B. improve C. improved D. be improved 
3. The bike .in Japan is 100 dollars.
 A. making B. made C.is making D. to make
4. Nam writes very quickly. He’s finished his essay.
	 A. already B. been C. for D. yet 
 5. There are flights daily to Rach Gia city Sunday.
 A. besides B. after C. on D. except
6. Million of Christmas cards .every year.
 A. were sent B. are sent C. send D. is sending
7. A contest in which participants have to fetch water from the river is called 
 Water-fetch contest fetching –water contest
 Water-fetching contest fetch-water contest
8. We.dinner when the phone rang.
 are having had have had were having
III. Match the sentence in column A with the suitable sentence in column B (2pts)
 A
 B
 C
1. Would you mind if I took a photo?
a.I’m sorry you can’t
2. Would you mind sitting here for a while?
b.That sounds interesting
3.Can I help you with your luggage?
c.Oh, thank you very much
4.Could you suggest one market?
d.No problem
5.Could you show me the nearest way to the zoo?
e.I’d prefer you didn’t . It’s windy
6.What about going to the cinema for a new film?
f.Not at all. You can do it
7. Would you mind if I asked him a questions?
g.I suggest going to Ben Thanh or Thai Binh
8.Do you mind if I open the window?
h.Turn left, then keep going on.
IV. Read the passage carefully and decide the following sentences true or false. (2ps)
Ha Long Bay is popular with both Vietnamese and internatinal tourists. It was recognized by Unesco as a World Heritage Site . One of the attraction of Ha Long is the Bay ’s calm water with limestone moutains. The Bay’s water is clear during the Spring and early summer. There are many magnificient caves and quiet sand beaches. In Ha Long City, there are many hotels and mini-hotels. The guest houses are cheap. The people are very friently and hospitable.
STATEMENTS
T
F
1. Ha Long Bay is in The USA.
2. It is a World Heritage Site.
3. There are not many magnificient caves.
4. The people are very friently.
V. Circle the correct sentences. (1m)
1 A. Nhi said she was visiting Hoi An now
 B. Nhi said she was visiting Hoi An then
2.A. She will be here in two hours.
B. She shall be here in two hours.
A. Mai has learnt English for 3 years.
B. Mai have learnt English for 3 years
A. It is interesting to playing soccer
B. It is interesting to play soccer
VI. Rearrange the words to creat meaningful sentences: (1p)
1. played/ over/ world/ Football/ all/ is/ the. 
2. They/ the/ get/ told/ how/ me/ to/ airport/ to. .
VI.Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the fist
1. She invites me to the party. à I .
2. “ Do many tourists visit My Son every year?”, Nam asked Lan
Nam asked Lan .
 -The end-