Lý thuyết quan trọng và bài ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 7

RELATIVE CLAUSES (THEORY)
I/ Mệnh đề quan hệ là gì? 
Mệnh đề quan hệ (còn gọi là mệnh đề tính từ)là mệnh đề phụ đứng sau một danh từ để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đó . Nó bắt đầu bằng các đại từ liên hệ (who, who which, whose, that) hoặc các trạng từ liên hệ (where, when, why).
WHO : người (S or O)	WHERE : nơi chốn (there)
WHOM : người (O)	WHEN : thời gian (then)
WHICH : vật (S,O) WHY : lý do (reason, cause)
THAT : người và vật 
WHOSE + N : sở hữu
A/ Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
- Là mệnh đề được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước nó.
- Là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa.
	Eg : The man who robbed you has been arrested.
 	 The river which / that flows through Hereford is Wye.
B/ Mệnh đề quan hệ bất định.
- Là mệnh đề cung cấp thông tin về người , vật hoặc sự vật đã được xác định bởi :
	+ Danh từ riêng : Mary, Peter, smoking, swimming
	+ Từ chỉ định : this, that, these , those
	+ Tính từ sở hữu or sở hữu cách : his , her , your, my Lan’s , father’s
	+ Giới từ : in, on, at, for , with ..
	Eg : That man, who lives in the nest flat, looks very lonely.
	 The book “Jane Eyre”, which I was reading, is really good.
NOTES : Sự khác nhau giữa mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ bất định
Mệnh đề quan hệ bất định
Mệnh đề quan hệ xácđịnh.
Giữa nó và m.đề chính có dấu phẩy ngăn cách.
THAT không được dùng.
Không được bỏ đi từ liên hệ làm chức năng tân ngữ (whom, which).
Không có
THAT ĐƯỢC DÙNG
ĐƯỢC BỎ
THAT không được dùng sau giới từ.
WHICH được dùng thay thế cho cả mệnh đề và đó là mệnh đề quan hệ bất định. (có dấu phẩy).
II/ REDUCED FORMS OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
	Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn bằng cách dùng cụm phân từ (V-ING or PP), cụm danh từ hoặc cụm đồng từ nguyên mẫu. (TO INFINITIVE)
A/ Present participle phrases: (V-ING)
- Động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động.
	Eg: a, The man who is sitting next to Mandy is my uncle
	-> The man sitting next to Mandy is my uncle.
	 b, Fans who hope to buy tickets have beeen queing all night.
Fans hoping to buy tickets have beeen queing all night.
B/ Past participle phrases: (PP)
- Động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (BE + PP).
	Eg: a. The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
The boy injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
b. Some of the people who have been invited to the party.
-> Some of the people invited to the party.
C/ Noun phrases
Mệnh đề quan hệ bất định có thể được rút gọn thành cụm danh từ.
Eg: George Washington, who was the first President of the US, was a general in the army.
George Washington, the first President of the US, was a general in the army.
D/ Infinitive phrases: (for +O) + to infinitive
Cụm danh từ trước mệnh đề quan hệ có các từ chỉ số thứ tự :first, second, thirdhoặc các từ last, next, only, dạng so sánh bậc nhất :the most, youngest
Trong mệnh đề quan hệ diễn đạt mục đích hoặc sự cho phép (can, could, must, have to, will, would )
Câu bắt đầu IT IS/WAS or there / here +Bbe
Eg: a. The captain was the last man who left the ship.
The captain was the last man to leave the ship.
 b. The guest on our show is the youngest golfer who won the Open.
-> The guest on our show is the youngest golfer to win the Open.
c. I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
-> I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden for him to play in
EXERICSES ABOUT RELATIVE CLAUSE
I. Fill the blanks with Relative pronoun or Relative adverbs, put commas when they are needed
Alexander Flemming discovered penicillin received the Nobel Prize in 1945.
The book I need can be found in the library.
Here is the beach.is the safest for swimmers.
Do you know the American womanname is Margaret Mitchell?
Jim.I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends.
 6. Children enjoy reading the books _________ have coloured pictures 
7. The noise _________ he met woke everybody up 
8. I know a place _________ roses grow in abundance 
9. We must find a time _________ we can meet and a place _________ we can talk 
10. The teacher with _________ we studied last year no longer teaches in our school 
11. Mr. Brown _________ is only 34 is the director of this company 
12. Let me see all the letters _________ you have written 
13. Is there anyone _________ can help me do this? 
15. We saw many soldiers and tanks _________ were moving to the front 
Let me see all the lettersyou have written.
Is there anyone.can help me do this?
The chief of the Police ,work is very important, take care of the public safety.
I know a place..roses grow in abundance (mau mo, giau co).
John found a cat..leg was broken.
II/ Choose the best answer
The meeting  I went was interesting. a. to which b. which	 c. that	d. b& c are correct
I must thank the people. I got the present from. a. who	b. whom	c. that	 d. all the correct
Do you know the doctor for  I send? a. whom	b. that	c.who	 d. all the correct
The man about . I was telling you is standing over there.
who 	b. that	c. whom	d. all the correct
The woman  Anna must take care of is very poor and old.
whom 	b. that	c. who 	d. all the correct
This is the man to. I gave some money this morning. a.who 	b. whom c. that	d. all the correct
 This is the result of our work  I’m pleased with. a. that b. whose c. which	 d. a & c are correct
8. The problem in . we are very interested has been discussed in class.
	a. that	b. whom	c. which	d. a&c are correct
9. The boy . you made fun of yesterday is my cousin. a. who	b.whom c.that	d. all the correct
10. Ann, .. lives next door, is very friendly. a. who 	b. whom	c.that	d. all the correct
11. We went to Sandra’s party , . we enjoyed very much. a. which	 b. whom	c. that	 d. who
12. John,  I have known for a very long time, is one of my closet friends.
	a. whose	 b. whom	 c. that	d. b & c are correct
13. This new stadium, . Can hold 90, 000 people, will be opened next month.
 	a. that	b. whose	c. which	d. who
14. My brother, . Lives in Houston, is a doctor.	 a. who b. whom	 c. that	 d. a&b are correct
15. My office, .. is on the second floor, is small. a. whose	b. which c. that	d. b&c are correct
16. She told me her address  I wrote down on a piece of paper
 	a. which	b. that	c. whose	d. a & b are correct
17. The sun, . is one of millions of stars in the universe , provides us with heat and light.
	a. which	b. that	c. who	d. a & b are correct
18. Tom made a number of suggestions, most of . were very helpful.
	a. whom	b. which	c. that	d. b & c are correct
19. Hoa is the friend . I introduces to you this morning.
	a. that	b. who	c. whose	d. a & b are correct
20. It was a kind of machine with  I have never used before.
	a. that	b. which	c. who	d. all are correct
21. The woman .. you metioned is the president of a company.
 	a. who	b. whom	c. that	d. all are correct
22. English .. is my favourite language, is spoken all over the world.
	a. ,that	b. which	c. , which	d. ,where
23. The director consoled Mr.Brown. daughter has had the car accident.
	a. ,whose	b. whose	c. ,who	d. ,whom
24. He sent us five composition are well-organised.
	a. , two of them	b. , two of which	c. ,two of who	d. , to of whom
25. They seem to give the children anything . They said.	a. that	 b. which	c. what	d. where
 III. Combine each pair of sentences below
Charlie Chaplin died in 1977. His films amused millions of people in the world.
Please post these letters. I wrote them this morning.
The building is the church. Its tower can be seen from a far.
He introduced me to his students. Most of them were from abroad.
5. The man called the police. His wallet was stolen
6. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning
7. I love my parents’ house. I was born in that house
8. The town is small. I grew up there
9. I’ll never forget the day. I first met you then
10. The picture was beautiful. She was looking at it
11. This is the house. We often stay in this house in the summer
12. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year
13. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it
14. Mary and Margaret are twins. You met them yesterday
15. I like standing at the window. I can see the park from this window
16. I do not know the reason. She left school for it
17. The police want to know the hotel. Mr.Foster stayed there two weeks ago
18. The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night
19. There are some words. They are very difficult to translate
20. The woman was a secretary. We were waiting for her. 
21. Sandra works in advertising. You were talking to her
22. I never forget the park. We met each other for the first time at this park.
The Police want to know the hotel. Mr Bush stay at this hotel two weeks ago.
 The man is very young. You are driving his car.
Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.
They gave me four very bad tyres. One of them burst before I had driven four miles.
A man answered the phone. He said Tom was out.
IV. Use a Relative pronoun preceded by A PREPOSITION to combine each pair of sentences below:
1. This is a rare opportunity. You should take advantage of it to get a better job.
2. The boy is my cousin. You made fun of him.
3. This matter is of great importance. You should pay attention to it.
4. The woman lives next door to me. You gave place to her on the bus.
5. The examination lasted two days. I was successful in this examination.
6. This is the result of our work. I’m pleased with it.
7. There is a No parking sign. I do not take notice of it.
8. Mr. Brown is the man. I am responsible to him for my work.
9. Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it.
10. We are crossing the meadow. We flew kites over it in our childhood.
V. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases (present or past participial)
1. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?
2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
3. The children who attend that school receive a good education.
4. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
5. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
6. They live in the house that was built in 1890.
7. The papers that are on the table belong to Patrica.
8. The man who is talking to the policeman is my uncle.
9. The number of students who have been counted is quite high.
10. George is the man who was chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
11. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
12. The woman who lived here before us is a romantic novelist.
13. All students who don’t hand in their papers will fail in the exm.
VI. Replace the underlined clauses by infinitive phrase
1. I don’t like him playing in the street. I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
2. He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.
3. The last  person who leaves the room must turn off the lights.
4. The first man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
5. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with.
6. There is a bench that your children can sit on.
7. He was the second man who was killed in this way.
8. Here is the book that she should read.
9. There are six letters which have to be written today.
10. We have some picture books that children can read.
VII/ Reduce Relative Clauses to Phrases:
The man who is standing there is a clown. 
The envelope which lies on the table has no stamp on it. 
Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfume and explosives (chat no). 
We had a river in which we could swim
The child would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
I have some letters that I must write. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house. 
The students don’t know how to do the exercises which were given by the teacher yesterday. 
The diagrams (bieu do) which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of the year 1812. 
The gentle man who lives next door to me is a well- known orator (nha hung bien, dien gia). 
I haven’t got anyone that I can go with. 
We had to eat standing up because we hadn’t got anything that we could sit on. 
All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules (buong lam viec cua PH doan) are weightless. 
All students who don’t hand in their paper will fail in the exam. 
I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm. 
The street which leads to the school is very wide. 
The system which is used here is very successful. 
Mr Jackson, who teaches my son, is my neighbor. 
Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London. 
The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam. 
We are driving on the road which was built in 1980. 
He was the second man who was killed in this way. 
Simon Bolivar, who was a great South American General, led the figh for idependence early in the 19th century
Here is the novel that she should read. 
Customers who complain about the service should see the manager. 
The city which was destroyed during the has now been rebuilt
My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm. 
The vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals (chat HH). 
Kuala Lumpur, which is the capital city of Malaysia is a major trade center in Southeast Asia.
An is the woman who is responsible for the error.
English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.
VIII/ Replace the adjective phrase by adjective clauses.
Lady Astor was the first woman to take her seat in Parliament.
The last student to be interviewed was John.
I was the only person to see the difficulty.
The road joining the two villages is very narrow . 
A lot of people invited to the party could not come . 
The students not doing exercise must be punished strictly . 
The last person to leave the room must turn out the light.
The air-hostess was the only person to survive the crash.
Jim was the first boy to reach the top.
He was the first man to leave the burning building.
We had a lake to swim in.
Here is an applican form for you to fill in.
I have some letters to type right now.
IV/ Choose the best answers
Do you know the music ____ is being played on the radio? 
A.who	 B. which 	C. That 	 D. B & C are correct
This channel often shows the cartoons of ________ the children are very fond. 
A. whom	 B. which	 C. That	 D. B & C are correct
The dress ____ she bought last week doesn’t fit her well. 
A. whom 	B. which 	C. whose	D. B & C are correct
She is the only one in the discussion____ to using nuclear power. 
A. objects	 B. objected	 C. to object	 D. whom objects
Do you know a shop ___ sells good coffee? A. which B. that C. whose	D. A & B are correct
The teacher punished the student ____ was naughty. A. whom B. who C. which	 D. A & B are correct
The old man ______ a black suit is a famous energy researcher. 
A. to wear	 B. wearing	 C. who was wearing	D. is wearing
The teacher notices the students ____ often come to class late. 
 A. that 	 B. which 	C. who 	D. A & C are correct 
The house in ____ I was born is for sale. A. which B. whom C. that	 D. A & C are correct
Johnny was the last applicant_________ for a position in that energy station. 
A. to interview	 B. which is interviewed	 C. interviewing	 D. to be interviewed
Coal, _____ of energy in many countries, is a serious pollutant. 
A. the main source	 B. is the main source	 C. being the main source	 D. that is the main source
In the middle of the village, there is a well from ____ the villagers take water to drink. 	
that 	 B. which 	 C. whom	D. A & B are correct
I must thank the people ____ I got the present from. 	A. who B. whom C. that	 D. All are correct
We have a lot of important documents on energy to read.
A. that we have to read	 B. for reading	 C. we read	 D. which we read
The solar panel ________ on the roofs of the house can get enough energy for the whole family. 
A. fixing	 B. to fix	 C. fixed	 D. that is fixing
My office, ____ is on the second floor, is small. A. that B. which C. who D. A & B are correct 
I think we should use hydroelectric power, _______ 
A. that is clean and save B. to be clean and save C. which was clean and save D. which is clean and save
She told me her address ____ I wrote down on a piece of paper. 
(A. which; B. that; C. whose; D. A & B are correct)
Airplanes _______in the 20th century is one of the sources of pollution. (A. which invented; B. to invent; c. invented; D. which is invented)
The sun, ____ is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light. 
which B. that 	C. Who 	 D. A & B are correct
Tom made a number of suggestions, most of ____ were very helpful. 
	A. them	 B. which	 C. that	 D. B & C are correct
Mary has three brothers, all of ____ are married. A. which B. them C. whom D. A and B are correct
Mr Pike has established a potential business ______ solar panels. 
 A. to sell	 B. selling	 C. sold	 D. which selling
The heat ______ from the sun is infinite. A. to release B. that is released C. release D. releasing
We were given a lot of information, most of ____ was useless. 
 A. which 	B. it 	C. that 	 D. All are correct
 A survey on alternative sources of energy ____ out by those scientists will be reported to the public next week. A. which carried	 B. carried	 C. which is carrying	 D. carrying
Neil Arstrong , the first person _____on the moon, reported that the surface was fine and powdery.
that set foot	B. set foot	C. setting foot	D. to set foot
They left me at the bus stop_____they had met me the week before.
where	B. which	C. when	D. that
Thanksgiving is the time_____ everyone eats turkey in America
at that time	B. when	C. that	D. B and C are correct
Lan had a notebook, ______he wrote new words. A. when B. which C. in which D. in that
The girl ___photo was in the local paper lives near my house.
who	B. whose	c. whom	D. all are correct
What’s the name of the man _____?
whom Annie works	B. that Annie works	C. Annie works for	D. for who Annie works
There are two players _______ everyone.
their skill impressed	 B. whom skill impressed C. whose skill impressed D. that impressed skill
Patricia couldn’t find the notebook_________.
she wrote new words in	B. that she wrote new words	
C. in that she wrote new words	D. she wrote new words in it
Which is the Southeast-Asia country ______the fastest?
whose economy is growing 	B. who growing economy 
C. that is growing economy	D. its economy is growing
The TV program______is repeated this evening .
we missed	B. which miised	C. we missed it	D. that we missed it
He kept everyone waiting, _______made him rather unpopular.
who	B. that	C. which	D. B and C are correct
Last Sunday I attended a party ____by one of my friends.
given	B. giving	C. which gave	D. that giving
My grandfather is the oldest person in the village ____ a car.
drives	B. driven	C. to drive	D. who driving
The old man ____next to me on the pier was muttering to himself.
was fishing	B. fishing	C. who fishing	D. fished
The reason ____ I have continued to work for that company is the job security.
at which	B. which	C. why	D. for that
The house _______ I grew up has just removated.
Where 	B. in which	C. which	D. A and B are correct
The od man and his two dogs _____were seriously burnt in the fire last week have gradually recovered.
Who	B. that 	C. which	D. all are correct
The woman ______hair is long and curly is the new secretary, Mrs Chan.
Who	B. whom	C. that	D. whose
They asked me a lot of questions , _____ I couldn’t answer . 
A. most of which 	B. of which most 	C. most of that 	D. of that most 
That is the house in ______I used to live .
 A. that 	B. which 	C. where 	D. there 
The music ______ we listened last night was boring . 
 A. to which 	B. which to 	C. Ø	D. A and C are correct
The man ______ I introduced you to last night is thoughtful . 
 A. whom 	B. that 	C. Ø 	D. all are correct
She couldn’t answer any question , _______made me surprised. 
 A. that 	B. it 	C. this 	D. which 
It was The World Cup 2002 _______in Korea and Japan . 
A. which was held 	B. that were held 	C. that was held 	D. that held 
The house ______ in the storm has now been rebuilt . 
 A. destroyed 	B. destroying 	C. which destroyed 	D. that is destroyed 
Tom was the last ______the classroom yesterday . 
A. to leave 	B. leaving 	C. left 	D. leaves 
Linda was the last student ______ at the oral exam . 
 A. to be asked 	B. asking 	C. asks 	D. to ask 
54. Travelling o holiday, _____I love to do, can be very expensive.
	 A. which	B. when	C. that	D. a and B are correct
55. My favourite month is always February _____we celebrate Valentine’s Day and Presidents’Day.
	A. which	B. where	C. why	D. when