Lượng từ Tiếng Anh

Unit 1: Basic Expressions of Quantity
Chúng ta cần thận trọng khi sử dụng từ chỉ lượng, cần xem xét danh từ chính là Danh từ đếm được hay Danh từ không đếm được.
Epressions of Quantity
Used with Countable Nouns
Used with Uncountable Nouns
One
Each
every
One apple
Each apple
Every apple
No
No
No
Two, etc.
Both
A couple of
A few
Several
Many
A number of
A great/large number of
Two apples
Both apples
A couple of apples
A few apples
Several apples
Many apples
A number of apples
A large number of apples
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
A little
Much
A great deal of
Quite a bit of
No
No
No
A little rice
Much rice
A great deal of rice
Quite a bit of rice
No
Some/any
A lot of/ lots of
Plenty of
Most
All
A lack of
Not all the....
Almost none of the...
No apples
Some/any apples
A lot of/ lots of apples
Plenty of apples
Most apples
All apples
A lack of apples
Not all the apples
Almost none of the apples
No rice
Some/any rice
A lot of/ lots of rice
Plenty of rice
Most rice
All rice
A lack of rice
Not all the rice
Almost none of the rice
Lưu ý: "Much" thường chỉ được sử dụng trong câu phủ định, câu hỏi và câu mang nghĩa tiêu cực
Ví dụ: I don't have much money.
A. A few/ Few và A Little/ Little
A few và Few được dùng với danh từ đếm được. Theo sau chúng là danh từ ở dạng số nhiều.
A little và Little được dùng với danh từ không đếm được
A few
“A few” và “a little” mang nghĩa tích cực, chúng diễn tả sự vật, sự việc đang có, đang tồn tại ở hiện thực.
She has been here only two weeks but she has already made a few friends.
A little
I’m very pleased. I’ve been able to save a little money this month. (I have saved some money instead of spending all of it)
Few
“Few” và “Little” mang nghĩa tiêu cực; chúng diễn tả sự mất mát, thiếu thốn gì đó.
Nếu thêm very + little/few sẽ gia tăng nghĩa tiêu cực.
I feel sorry for her. She has (very) few friends. (
 => tiêu cực)
Little
I have (very) litle money. I don’t even have enough money to buy food for dinner.
(I do not have much money. I have almost no money.)
B. Using "Of" in expressions of quantity
1. NHỮNG TỪ CHỈ LƯỢNG LUÔN CHỨA “OF”
A lot of
Lots of
A number of
A great deal of
A majority of
A minority of
Plenty of
Ví dụ: A lot of books are paperback.
          A lot of my books are paperback.
   Sai:A lot books are paperback.
2. NHỮNG TỪ CHỈ LƯỢNG CÓ THỂ CHƯA HOẶC KHÔNG CHỨA “OF”
All (of)
Most (of)
Almost all (of)
Many (of)
Much (of)
A few (of)
A little (of)
One (of)
Two (of)
Three (of)
Both (of)
Several (of)
Some (of)
Any (of)
Ví dụ: Many of my books are in English.
          Many of the books on that shelf are in English.
  Sai: Many of books are in English
Of được sử dụng với các từ chỉ lượng khi danh từ đã được xác định. Một danh từ xác định khi nó theo sau:
Tính từ sở hữu: my, John’s
Các từ chỉ định: This, that, those, these..
Mạo từ xác định: The
Many books are in English.
Of không được sử dụng với các từ chỉ lượng nếu danh từ chưa xác định.
Trong ví dụ, người nói không đề cập đến your books, these books mà đề cập đến “books” như một danh từ chung.
Lưu ý:
1. "Both" và "All" là từ chỉ lượng đặc biệt. Nếu danh từ theo sau được xác định thì ta có thể thêm “Of” hoặc không. Nhưng nếu danh từ không xác định thì ta KHÔNG được thêm “Of”.
Ví dụ: Đúng: All of the staffs in my office must have an ID card.
          Đúng: All the staffs in my office must have an ID card.
          Sai: All of staffs must have an ID card
2. The most (so sánh nhất) được sử dụng trong những câu so sánh từ 2 chủ thể trở lên và Không được thêm Of liền sau “the most” trong bất kỳ trường hợp nào.
Luyện tập
Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành những câu sau với “some” hoặc “any”:
1. We didn’t buy flowers.
2. This evening I’m going out with .friends of mine.
3. “Have you seen ..good films recently?” – “No, I haven’t been to the cinema for ages”.
4. I didn’t have money, so I had to borrow..
5. Can I have a..milk in my coffee, please?
6. I was too tired to dowork.
Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành câu với “much, many, few, a few, little, a little”
1. He isn’t very popular. He has ..friends.
2. Ann is very busy these days. She has ..free time.
3. Did you take .photographs when you were on holiday?
4. The museum was very crowded. There were too..people.
5. Most of the town is modern. There are ..old buidings.
6. We must be quick. We have..time.
7. Listen carefully, I’m going to give you .advice.
8. Do you mind if I ask you.questions?
9. This town is not a very interesting place to visit, so .tourists come here.
10. I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She’s got ..patience.
11. “Would you like milk in your coffee?” - “yes, please. .”
12. This is a very boring place to live. There’s .to do.
Bài tập 3: Điền “of” vào những câu dưới đây nếu cần thiết.
1. All.cars have wheels.
2. Nonethis money is mine.
3. Some..people get angry very easily.
4. Some.the people I met at the party were very interesting.
5. I have lived in London mostmy life.
6. Are anythose letters for me?
7. Mostdays I get up before 7 o’clock.
8. Jim thinks that allmuseums are boring.
Bài tập 4: Hoàn thành những câu sau với “some” hoặc “any”:
1. We didn’t buy flowers.
2. This evening I’m going out with .friends of mine.
3. “Have you seen ..good films recently?” – “No, I haven’t been to the cinema for ages”.
4. I didn’t have money, so I had to borrow..
5. Can I have milk in my coffee, please?
6. I was too tired to dowork.
Bài tập 5: Hoàn thành câu với “much, many, few, a few, little, a little”
1. He isn’t very popular. He has ..friends.
2. Ann is very busy these days. She has ..free time.
3. Did you take .photographs when you were on holiday?
4. The museum was very crowded. There were too..people.
5. Most of the town is modern. There are ..old buidings.
6. We must be quick. We have..time.
7. Listen carefully, I’m going to give you .advice.
8. Do you mind if I ask you.questions?
9. This town is not a very interesting place to visit, so .tourists come here.
10. I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She’s got ..patience.
11. “Would you like milk in your coffee?” – “yes, please. .”
12. This is a very boring place to live. There’s .to do.
EXERCISE 1: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences. 
1. There is _______water in the bottle. 
A. little 	B. a few 	C. any 	D. many 
2. I have ______money, not enough to buy groceries. 
A. a lot of 	B. little 	C. any 	D. many 
3. I have ________money, enough to buy a ticket. 
A. a lot of 	B. little 	C. many 	D. a little 
4. She has _______books, not enough for references. 
A. few 	B. a few 	C. many 	D. little 
5. She has _______books, enough to read. 
A. many 	B. few 	C. a few 	D. a little 
6. There _______ traffic on the street at rush hours. 
A. are too many 	B.is too much 	C. are too alot 	D. are too little 
7. He bought _______furniture for her new apartment which she has bought recently. 
A. many 	B. few 	C. much 	D. a few 
8. _________ the people I work with are very friendly. 
A. some 	B. some of 	C. a little of 	D. a few 
9. _________these money is mine. 
A. some 	B. a few of 	C. many 	D. none of 
10. We didn’t spend __________money 
A. many 	B. some 	C. much 	D. a few 
11. There are _________people there. 
A. too many 	B. too a little 	C. too much	 D.too little 
12. Do you know ________people in this neighbourhood. 
A. much	 B. a little	 C. many 	D.little 
13. Would you like _________to eat? 
A. something	 B. anything 	C.everything 	D.nothing 
14. I can’t find it ___________. 
A. somewhere 	B. nowhere 	C.everyplace 	D.anywhere 
15. I like him __________. 
A. so many 	B. any much 	C.so much 	D.so some 
16. We must be quick. There is ________time left. 
A. much 	B. many 	C.a lot of	 D. little 
17. Let’s go and have a drink we have _______time left. 
A. much 	B. a little 	C.a lot of	 D. little 
18. There is a telephone in _______room of the house. 
A. every 	B. each 	C.some 	D. A and B are correct 
19. You should read _______sentence carefully. 
A. every 	B. some	 C.many 	D. a lot of 
20. _________ has right to vote. 
A. something	 B. everyone	 C.many people 	D. some people 
21. Both men ________interested in this job in the interview yesterday. 
A. are 	B. was 	C.were 	D. is 
22. There are four books on the table .________has a different colour. 
A. Every 	B. Each 	C.Many 	D. Some 
23. He has two bookstores. One is in Thac Mo. _________is in Phuoc Binh 
A. other	 B. the others	 C.another 	D. the other 
24. ________restaurant is expensive. 
A. some 	B. either 	C.neither 	D. any 
25. Did you take _______ photographs when you were on holiday. 
A. some 	B. either 	C.much 	D. many 
26. The news has _________information. 
A. much 	B. many	 C.some 	D. any 
27. We ‘ll hurry We haven’t got ________time left. 
A. some 	B. many 	C. much 	D. any 
28. I don’t have ________friends in Ha Noi 
A. some 	B. any 	C. much 	D. no 
29. We didn’t buy ________flowers yesterday. 
A. some 	B. many 	C. much 	D. any 
30. There ___________ at the door. 
A. is somebody 	B. is anybody 	C. is everybody 	D. isn’t nobody 
31. She went out without_________money. 
A. any 	B. many	 C. much 	D. some 
32. There are _________in the hall. 
A. somebody	B. anybody 	C. everybody	 D. some people 
33. I’m not hungry. I don’t want _________to eat. 
A. everything	 B. anything 	C. something 	D. nothing 
34. She didn’t take _________money with her. 
A. any 	B. many 	C. much	 D. A and C are right 
35. Has __________body seen my bags? 
A. somebody 	B. any person 	C. anybody 	D. some people 
36. Can I have _________sugar please. 
A. any	 B. some 	C. much 	D. little 
37. Let me know if you need ______help. 
A. any 	B. many 	C. some 	D. A and B are right 
38. Some one has forgotten ________umbrella. 
A. them 	B. their	 C. they 	D. theirs 
39. The house were empty. There is _________living here. 
A. someone 	B. anybody 	C. nobody 	D. everybody 
40. I don’t have ________relatives in these strange place. 
A. any 	B. some	 C. a little 	D. much 
41. I’m so hungry. I could eat __________. 
A. something	 B. anything	 C. nothing 	D. every things 
42. The exam was quite difficult. _________passed. 
A. Someone 	B. Anybody 	C. Nobody 	D. Everybody 
43. He has ________luck. Everything he does, he gains. 
A. any 	B. some	 C. a little 	D. much 
44. We have used _________energy recently. 
A. too many 	B. many too 	C. too much	 D. much too 
45. He spoke _______English, so it was difficult for him to communicate with people here. 
A. many	 B. some 	C. little	 D. much 
46. The village was small. There was ________ house. 
A. many 	B. few 	C. little	 D. a few 
47. He isn’t very popular. He has ________friends. 
A. few	 B. some	 C. little 	D. a few 
48.The museum was too crowded. There _________people there. 
A. is too much 	B. are too many 	C. a few	 D. few 
49. __________ people are friendly. 
A. some	 B. some of 	C. some of those 	D. some those
 50.Both of them ________students at high school now. 
A. are	 B. is 	C. was 	D. were 
51. _________ restaurants we went to were expensive. 
A. Neither of	 B. Neither of the 	C. None of 	D. Some of 
52. Every seat in the theater last night ________taken. 
A. was 	B. were 	C. are 	D. is 
53. Everybody __________at the square yesterday. 
A. has arrived	 B. have arrived 	C. arrived 	D. arrive 
54.________time I meet you. You look different. 
A. each 	B. every 	C. some 	D. A and B are right 
55. ________was given a book. 
A. some students 	B. every students 	C. each students 	D. each student 
56.I would like to visit ______country in the world. 
A. some of	 B. every 	C. many	 D. a lot of 
57. In the football match ______ has 11 players. 
A. each 	B. every 	C. two teams 	D.it 
58. The olympic games are held ________four years. 
A. each 	B. every 	C. one	 D. once 
59. Do you need _____? 
A. a help	 B. any help 	C. any helps 	D. helps 
60. That was a very________story about the adventures in the tropical forests. 
A. excitement 	B. excited 	C. exciting 	D. excite 
61. The pupils are very ______ because their school has won the basketball championship. 
A. excitement	 B. excited 	C. exciting	 D. excite 
62. ______should pay more taxes. 
A. Rich	 B. The rich 	C. The riches 	D. Richer 
63. ______people I know are worried about the environment. 
A. Most 	B. The most	 C. Much 	D. The much 
64. ______tall you've grown! 
A. What 	B. How 	C. How much 	D. How many 
65. The film was ______ interesting that it could satisfy everybody. 
A. too	 B. very 	C. so	 D. such 
66. My new job is much ______ 
A. interesting	 B. interested 	C. interest	 D. interests 
67. They felt happy, and ______ did I. 
A. either 	B. neither	 C. too 	D. so 
68. Peter says he doesn't see ______ 
A. somebody 	B. everybody	 C. anybody	 D. nobody 
69. __________ don't like to read picture-books. 
A. Some childs 	B. some of children 	C. some of the children 	D. some of the childs 
70. It's _________ long time since he last saw his parents. 
A. such a 	B. so 	C. very 	D. too 
71. The audience clapped their hands so _________ that the singer had to sing again. 
A. many times 	B. much time 	C. very much 	D. much 
72. Our seats were_________far from the stage that we couldn't see the actors andactresses clearly. 
A. very 	B. too 	C. enough 	D. so 
73. I like Dalat. What I like _______ living here is that it's fresh, quiet and beautiful. 
A. more about 	B. most about 	C. more of 	D. most of 
74. ________ players are there in a football team? 
A. How much 	B. Many 	C. Do many 	D. How many 
75. – How____ does he run a day? -16 miles. 
A. much 	B. far	 C. long	 D. fast 
76. He can't cook well, and I can't_______, 
A. too 	B. either	 C. neither 	D. so 
77. The circus shows are exciting that the whole family enjoy them. 
A. so	 B. very	 C. too 	D. such 
78. I haven't had an enjoyable evening for months. 
A. such	 B. so 	C. much	 D. very 
79. She was clever that she could make a dress by hands. 
A. much	 B. very	 C. so	 D. such 
80. Most of the pupils are to pass the examination. 
A. good enough 	B. too good	 C. very good	 D. good too 
81. These piles of books are cleaner than the others. 
A. as	 B. very 	C. so	 D. much 
82. She is an engineer nor an architect. 
A. nor 	B. both	 C. neither	 D. either 
83. That play was for her to see again. 
A. too interesting 	B. enough interesting 	C. interesting enough	 D. more interesting enough 
84. The more we study, the we are. 
A. more good	 B. good 	C. well 	D. better 
85. Mary can't speak French 
A. Either can Peter 	B. Neither can't Peter 	C. Neither can Peter	 D. Peter can't neither 
86. Everyone can in this school activity. 
A. take off 	B. take on	 C. take part	 D. take 
87. we eat, the fatter we become.
A. The much 	B. The more 	C. Many 	D. A lot of 
88. The lesson for me to understand. 
A. is very difficult 	B. too difficult 	C. difficult too 	D. is too difficult 
89. This exercise is I must finish it as soon as possible. 
A. very important so 	B. so important that	 C. too important that	 D. enough important that 
90. She was she never had time to go out in the evening. 
A. so busy that	 B. very busy 	C. busy enough 	D. busy so that 
91. She didn’t eat __________breakfast. 
A. much 	B. many 	C. some 	D. any 
92. There aren’t ______large glasses left. 
A. some 	B. any	 C. much	 D. many 
93. I have seen________ of Minh recently. 
A.a lot of 	B. any 	C. too much	 D. too many 
94. Not _______Denmark is hilly. 
A.a lot of 	B. any of	 C. much of 	D. many of 
95. You can’t see much of a country in a week. 
A. much of	 B. some of	 C. a lot of 	D. many of 
96. I won’t pass the exam. I have missed many of my lessons. 
A. some of	 B. much of	 C. many of 	D. a lot of 
97. He got _______men friends, but he doesn’t know ________women. 
A. lots of/ many	 B. much/ many 	C. many / many 	D. many/ much 
98. I don’t travel much these days. 
A. much 	B. some	 C. a lot 	D. many 
99. ________strong man has disheartened before such a challenge. 
A. much a 	B. Some	 C. Many a	 D. Many 
100. ________time is needed to learn a language. 
A. Any	 B. Some 	C. Much 	D. A lot of 
101. __________us think it’s time for an election. 
A. Lots of 	B. Lot of 	C. Much	 D. Many 
102. ________cheese is made from cow’s milk. 
A. Most	 B. Some 	C. Much 	D. More 
103. ________my friends live abroad. 
A. Many	 B. Some 	C. Much 	D. Most of 
104. _________us thought he was wrong. 
A. Most of 	B. Some of 	C. Much of 	D. Many a 
105. Thank you for bringing me along. I never thought Shakespeare could be so ______fun. 
A. many 	B. much	 C. few 	D. some 
106. You should say . ______and do ______ 
A. many / few 	B. much / little 	C. few / many 	D. little / much 
107. Very ______ people knew about it. 
A. few	 B. less 	C. much	 D. little 
108. He is a man of ______words. 
A. less 	B. little	 C. fewer	 D. few 
109. ______ heard about the book, but ______. read it. 
A. Many / few	 B. Much / little 	C. Many / little 	D. Few / Fewer 
110. "Do you know English?" "Just ______." 
A. much	B. many 	C. little	D. less 
111. She has very ______ knowledge of the matter. 
A. few	 B. little	 C. some 	D. many 
112. The forces were unequal, they were______we were ______ 
A. many / few 	B. much / little 	C. few / much	 D. little / much 
113. We have imported ______ computers this year than last year. 
A. few 	B. less 	C. fewer	 D. many 
114. There has been ______demand for computers this year than last year. 
A. few 	B. little 	C. fewer	 D. more 
115. ______in Shanghai than in any other city in China. 
A. More people live 	B. More people living 	C. It has more people 	D. More living people 
116. I've been to the theater ______ of times.
 A. much 	B. a little	C. most of 	D. few
 117. But ______ of the plays I've seen are modern. 
A. a few of	 B. a little 	C. most 	D. many 
118. When I studied Shakespeare, I thought his plays were ______ boring. 
A. a great deal of 	B. few 	C. much 	D. many 
119. ______of Shakespeare's plays are about history. 
A. A few of 	B. Many	 C. Much 	D. A little 
120. They spent ______ time studying Victorian literature. 
A. few 	B. many 	C. a large number of 	D. much 
121. ______popular expressions in our language have interesting background. 
A. Little 	B. Many 	C. A large number 	D. Much 
122. At the beginning everybody spoke English very quickly and I couldn't understand ______ But after ______ days, it is easier and ______ things I had learnt came back to me. 
A. much / a few / many 
B. a lot / little / a lot 
C. much / much / a great number 
D. many / a few / many 
123. Would you like__________milk? Yes, please. 
A. few 	B. any 	C. some 	D. much 
124. ________ them were at the meeting last night so they didn’t have knowledge about marketing 
A. neither of 	B. any of	 C. many 	D. a lot of 
125. ________my friends live abroad. 
A. Neither of	 B. Any of	 C. Many 	D. Most of 
126. How ________money have you got in your pocket ? 
A. a lot of	 B. any	 C. many	 D. much 
127.I could speak ________words of Swedish, but I wasn’t very fluent. 
A. a few 	B.a little	 C. few 	D. little 
128. Can you speak French? Just ________ 
A. a few	 B. little 	C. few	 D. a little 
129. Very ________people were flying because of terrorist activities then. 
A. few	 B. a little	 C. a few	 D. little 
130. He spent ________ of his time on his holidays. 
A. much 	B. many	 C. a lot of	 D. little 
Đáp án
Bài 1:
1. We didn’t buy any flowers.
2. This evening I’m going out with some friends of mine.
3. “Have you seen any good films recently?” – “No, I haven’t been to the cinema for ages”.
4. I didn’t have any money, so I had to borrow some.
5. Can I have some milk in my coffee, please?
6. I was too tired to do any work.
Bài 2:
1. He isn’t very popular. He has few friends.
2. Ann is very busy these days. She has little free time.
3. Did you take many photographs when you were on holiday?
4. The museum was very crowded. There were too many people.
5. Most of the town is modern. There are few old buildings.
6. We must be quick. We have little time.
7. Listen carefully, I’m going to give you a little advice.
8. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?
9. This town is not a very interesting place to visit, so few tourists come here.
10. I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She’s got little patience.
11. “Would you like milk in your coffee?” - “yes, please. A little”
12. This is a very boring place to live. There’s little to do.
Bài 3:
1. All cars have wheels.
2. None of this money is mine.
3. Some people get angry very easily.
4. Some of the people I met at the party were very interesting.
5. I have lived in London most of my life.
6. Are any of those letters for me?
7. Most days I get up before 7 o’clock.
8. Jim thinks that all museums are boring.
Bài 4: 1. any, 2. some, 3. any, 4. any/some, 5. some, 6. any
Bài 5: 1. few, 2. little, 3. many, 4. many, 5. few, 6. little, 7. a little, 8. a few, 9. a few, 10. little, 11. a little, 12. little
Bài 6:
1. A	2. B	3. D	4. A	5.C	6.B	7.C	8.B	9B	10C	11A	12C	13A	14D	15C	16D	17B	18D 	19A	20B	21C	22B	23D	24C	25D	26A 	27C	28B	29D	30A	31A 	32A	33B	34D	35C	36B	37A
38B	39C	40A	41B	42C	43D 	44C	45C	46D	47A	48B	49C	50A	51B	52A	53A	54A	55D	56A/B	57A	58B	59B	60C	61B	62B	63A	64B	65C	66A	67D	68C	69C	70A	71A	72D	73B	74D	75B	76B	77A	78A	79C	80A	81D	82C	83C	84D	85C	86C	87B	88D	89B	90A	91A	92D	93C	94C	95A	96C	97A	98A	99C	100D	101A	102A	103D	104D	105B	106D	107A	108D	109B 	110C	111B	112A	113C	114D	115A	116D	117C	118C	119B	120D	121B	122A	123C	124A	125A	126D	127B	128D	129A	130A