English grammar for CEF-Level C1: Adjectives and adverbs - Thẩm Tâm Vy

 Thẩm Tâm Vy, 2018 GRAMMAR POINTS CEF – LEVEL C 1 
ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR CEF – LEVEL C1 
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 
Adjectives and adverbs with different forms and meanings 
 In this lesson we will learn to use adjectives and adverbs that have the same form. You also 
learn to use adverbs that have two forms and meanings and other adverbs that have different 
meanings depending on their position in a clause. 
Adjectives and adverbs that have the same form 
 Some adverbs of manner have the same form as adjectives and have similar meanings. 
 - He’s always listened to loud music. 
 - The guitarist played too loud fo r the singer’s voice to be heard. 
 - She didn’t know what the right answer was. 
 - These are questions that most children get right. 
 These are the most common ones: 
direct right fast slow hard late loud quick 
Adverbs that have a different meaning from their related adjectives 
Some -ly adverbs have a different meaning from the meanings of their related adjectives. For 
example, hardly means not very much or almost not at all and is not used with any of the 
meanings of the adjective hard. 
 - This has been a long hard day. 
 - Her bedroom was so small she could hardly move in it. 
 - Food was scarce and so was fuel. 
 - They could scarcely believe their great good fortune. 
solo straight tight wrong 
 Here are some adverbs ending in -ly that have a different meaning from the meanings of their 
related adjectives: 
barely – hardly – lately – presently – scarcely – shortly 
Adverbs with two forms and meanings 
 Sometimes two adverbs are related to the same adjective. One adverb has the same form as the 
adjective, and the other is formed by adding -ly. 
 - There was plenty of room for the children to run free. 
 - Packs of dogs ran freely, barking at the cars. 
 - She woke up in the morning feeling fine. 
 - Peel and finely chop the onion. 
 - The shirt stretched tight across his chest. 
 - Her skin stretched too tightly over her cheekbones. 
 - Marcia opened her eyes wide. 
 - Austria is widely regarded as one of the most expensive countries to visit. 
Here are some common adverbs that have both these forms: 
clear-clearly || hard - hardly 
clean-cleanly || high - highly 
close – closely || last - lastly 
dear-dearly || late - lately 
deep - deeply || right - rightly 
direct - directly sharp - sharply 
easy - easily thick - thickly 
fine - finely thin - thinly 
first - firstly tight - tightly 
free - freely wide – widely 
Remember! 
 The -ly adverb often has a different meaning from the adverb with the same form as the 
adjective. 
 - The water was running high. 
 - He thought highly of his teacher. 
 - She worked hard all year. 
 - We could hardly hear him speak. 
PRACTICE 
I. Decide if the pairs of sentences have the same meaning. 
1. A. Would you just give me a direct answer, please? 
 B. Please answer me immediately.  
2. A. Meet me at 12 sharp. 
 B. Meet me at precisely 12 o'clock.  
3. A. My late grandmother taught me how to bake. 
 B. My grandmother, who died two years ago, taught me to bake.  
4. A. You're free to do whatever you want this afternoon. 
 B. This afternoon's activities are free.  
5. A. We're clean out of salad, I'm afraid. 
 B. I'm sorry, but we've no salad left at all.  
II. Which sentences are correct? 
1. Fern arrived so lately that her friends had started to worry. 
2. The chef chopped the onions and garlic finely before adding them to the hot pan. 
3. Our seats were direct in front of the stage so we had a great view of the performers 
4. They arrived at 9 sharp, just as the meeting began. 
5. The boy ran past at full speed, close followed by his brother. 
6. Right, I've had enough of this. I'm getting out of here. 
III. Choose the correct word. 
1. Her eyes were wide / widely open when she was born. 
2. He was right / rightly annoyed with me for telling everyone his secret. 
3. Hold on tight / tightly, the train is starting to move. 
4. Don't worry - everything will turn out finely / fine. 
5. He held the book close / closely to his chest and refused to let US see it. 
6. She didn't speak very clearly / clear and I couldn't tell what she was saying. 
IV. Are the highlighted words correct () or incorrect (X) in the sentences? 
1. Security was very tight  during the international athletics competition. 
2. The kid came right  up to me and stuck his tongue out. 
3. It is wide  understood that walking here alone at night is best avoided. 
4. If you don't look sharply  we're going to miss our train. 
5. Sara freely  admits that she was in the wrong. 
6. The chewing gum stuck fast  to the sole of my shoe. 
V.. Choose the correct word, as shown. 
 My friend Lyn has been dating a guy for a few weeks. He swept her 
1
 clean/cleanly off her feet 
at first with romantic meals and flowers, but 
2
 late / lately he seems to have cut out the 
extravagant gestures and I've heard him speak quite 
3
 sharp / sharply to her a couple of times, 
although he always apologizes 
4
 direct / directly afterwards. It doesn't seem 
5
 right / rightly to 
me but maybe I'm being 
6
 over / overly sensitive about it. 
 Thẩm Tâm Vy, 2018 GRAMMAR POINTS CEF – LEVEL C 1 
VI. Choose the correct word. 
 She looked up 
1
 clearly / freely / sharply as I entered the room. 'What do you want?' she 
demanded. She was certainly very 
2
 direct / right / close, but I'd heard that was her way with 
newcomers to the firm. 'I wondered if you could show me how to organize the database?' I asked 
nervously. 'Sit down,' she ordered. I did as I was told, immediately noticing that her chair was 
much higher than my own. She turned her gaze 
3
 directly / rightly / tightly upon me. Her eyes 
were a 
4
 dose / clear / clean, piercing blue, cold and 
5
 right / fine / sharp like her manner. 'I'll 
show you what to do but don't interrupt me while I'm speaking,' she said. My new boss was 
6
clearly / freely / lately a woman who didn't like to waste time on pleasantries. 
VII. For each sentence, tick the correct ending. 
1. Adam had to go to see the headteacher 
 because he had arrived lately to school. 
 because he had arrived late to school. 
2. All was ill yesterday, 
 but today he's feeling fine. 
 but today he's feeling finely. 
3. Ines was so tired 
 that she could scarce open her eyes. 
 that she could scarcely open her eyes. 
4. I hope I am feeling better in time for the wedding, 
 because I would dearly love to go. 
 because I would dear love to go. 
5. However hard she tried to hit the ball, 
 Lara couldn't do it rightly. 
 Lara couldn't do it right. 
6. Leo did well at school 
 because he always hardly worked. 
 because he always worked very hardly. 
 because he always worked very hard. 
KEY 
I. 
1. No 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. No 5. Yes 
II. 
1. No 2. Yes 3. No 4. Yes 5. No 6. Yes 
III. 
1. wide 2. rightly 3. tight 4. fine 5. Close 6. clearly 
IV. 
1. tight  3. wide  5. freely  
2. right  4. sharply  6. fast  
V. 
1. clean 3. sharp ly 5. right 
2. lately 4. directly 6. overly 
VI. 
1. sharp ly 3. directly 5. sharp 
2. d irect 4. clear 6. clearly 
VII. 
1. because he had arrived late to school. 
2. but today he's feeling fine. 
3. that she co uld scarcely open her eyes. 
4. because I wouldd early love to go. 
5. Lara couldn 't do it right. 
6. because he always worked very hard.