Đề ôn thi môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 11 - Bài 5: Articles-Mạo từ

BÀI 5. ARTICLES - MẠO TỪ
I. Indefinite article: a/ an
When counting or measuring time, distance, weight, and other singular countable nouns, etc. we can use “a”/ “an” for the singular (with the meaning one). 
Khi đo đếm các đơn vị danh từ đếm được số ít như thời gian, khoảng cách, trọng lượng, và các danh từ đếm được khác, ta sử dụng “a”/ “an” liền trước các danh từ đó với nghĩa là “một”. Cụ thể cách sử dụng “a”/ “an” như sau:
1. The use of “a”: The indefinite article “a” is place before singular countable nouns beginning with consonant sounds – Mạo từ bất định “a” được đặt trước các danh từ đếm được số ít bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm. Xem các ví dụ sau:
1.
a bat
6.
a European
11.
a hat
16.
a lesson
21.
a nod
26.
a question
2.
a bomb
7.
a fan
12.
a house
17.
a litre
22.
a nut
27.
a ramp
3.
a car
8.
a finger
13.
a hut
18.
a man
23.
a pen
28.
a seat
4.
a comb
9.
a gift
14.
a knife
19.
a mouse
24.
a pupil
29.
a university
5.
a damp
10.
a guy
15.
a lamp
10.
a mouth
25.
a queue
30.
a watch
2. The use of “an”: The indefinite article “an” is place before singular countable nouns beginning with vowel sounds – Mạo từ bất định “an” được đặt trước các danh từ đếm được số ít bắt đầu bằng một nguyên âm. Xem các ví dụ sau:
1.
an ax
7.
an Australian
13.
an eel
19.
an iamb
25.
an idol
2.
an ankle
8.
an eagle
14.
an election
10.
an ibex
26.
an udder
3.
an anlage
9.
an eaglet
15.
an eye
21.
an ice-cream
27.
an Ugrian
4.
an aunt
10.
an ear
16.
an echo
22.
an icon
28.
an Ukrainian
5.
an American
11.
an earphone
17.
an heir
23.
an idea
29.
an umbrella
6.
an African
12.
an ease
18.
an hour
24.
an idiom
30.
an unaptness
II. Definite article: The
“the” is the same form for singular and plural and for all genders – “the” được sử dụng với tất cả các loại danh từ - số ít, số nhiều, đếm được, và không đếm được - theo các qui tắc dưới đây:
1. Use “the”: “the” được sử dụng khi:
	1.1. When the object or group of objects is unique or considered to be unique – Khi vật thể hoặc nhóm vật thể là duy nhất hay được coi là duy nhất:
	e.g.	the earth	the sun	the sky	the equator	the stars
	1.2. Before a noun which has become definite as a result of being mentioned the second time – Đứng trước các danh từ được xác định khi nó được lặp lại:
	e.g.	I live in a small house. The house is really nice.
	He bought a car. The car was made in Japan.
1.3. Before a noun made definite by the addition of a phrase or clause – Đứng trước các danh từ được làm cho xác định bởi các cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề theo sau:
	e.g.	the girl in blue	the man with the banner
	the man that I adored	the park where we first met
1.4. Before a noun which by reason of locality can represent one particular thing – Đứng trước các danh từ được xác định khi nó mang tính địa phương:
	e.g. 	Peter is in the garage. (the garage is in Peter’s house)
	Please give me the form so I can help you to fill in. (it’s your form)
1.5. Before superlatives and other words like first, second, last, only, etc. used as adjectives or pronouns – Đứng trước các hình thức so sánh hơn nhất, các từ sau first, second, last, only, etc khi dùng như tính từ hay đại từ. Chẳng hạn:
	e.g.	This is the first time I have ever been to London.
	Job is the only thing I care for now.
	She is always the first to come and the last to leave.
1.6. Before the well-known places – Đứng trước các địa danh nổi tiếng có tính toàn cầu như:
	e.g.	the Nile	the Thames	the Amazon
	the Alp	the Andes	the Everest
	the Atlantic	the Indian	the Pacific
	the Eiffel	the Statue of Liberty	the Twin Towers
1.7. Before some countries’ names – Trước tên một số quốc gia như:
	e.g.	the Union of Arabic Emirates (the U.A.E)	the United States (the U.S)
	the Philippines	the United Kingdom
	the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (the U.S.S.R)
1.8. Before the political system of almost all countries – Đứng trước tên quốc gia có thể chế chính trị như:
	e.g. 	the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (the S.R.V)	the People Republic of China (the P.R.C)
	the People Democratic of Laos (the P.D.L)	the People Democratic of North Korea (the P.D.K)
the Republic of South Korea (the S.K)	the Republic of France (the S.K)
the Kingdom of Thailand	the Kingdom of Belgium
the Kingdom of Sweden	the Kingdom of Netherland
1.9. Before adjectives to make pronouns – Đặt trước tính từ tạo thành các đại từ như:
	e.g.	The rich are not always happy.	The poor need help from all communities.
1.10. Before proper nouns – Đặt trước danh từ riêng chỉ các dòng họ:
	e.g.	The Jones went shopping on Sundays.	The Blacks are on your holiday in Mexico.
1.11. Before a noun of nationality to imply a nation – Đặt trước danh từ chỉ quốc tịch để nói đến một dân tộc như:
	e.g.	The English are used to driving on the left.	The Vietnamese are among the most industrious.
	The French are considered to be the most romantic.
2. Omission of “the”: “the” được sử dụng khi:
2.1. Before names of places except the above mentioned.
2.2. Before abstract nouns except when they are used to make sense.
2.3. Nouns with possessive or demonstrative adjectives.
2.4. before nouns of games and parts of body.
BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Exercise 1. In the following sentences supply the articles (a, an, or the) if they are necessary. If no article is needed, leave the space blank (Æ).
1. His father bought him___________ bicycle that he had wanted for his birthday.
2. ___________ Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from France to___________ United States.
3. Michael is studying___________ English and___________ math this semester.
4. Please give me___________ cup of___________ coffee with___________ cream and___________ sugar.
5. ___________ big books on___________ table are for my history class.
6. When you go to___________ store, please buy___________ bottle of___________ chocolate milk and___________ dozen oranges.
7. John and Mary went to___________ school yesterday and then studied in___________ library before returning home.
8. There are only________ few seats left for_________ tonight’s musical at_________ university.
9. ___________ Lake Erie is one of___________ five Great Lakes in___________ North America.
10. What did you eat for___________ breakfast this morning?
11. Bob played___________ basketball and___________ baseball at___________ Boy’s Club this year.
12. Rachel plays___________ violin and her sister plays___________ guitar.
13. Mike attended___________ Princeton University.
14. Henry has been admitted to_______ School of Medicine at_________ Midwestern university.
15. Brian can’t go to___________ movies tonight because he has to write___________ essay.
Exercise 2. In the following sentences supply the articles (a, an, or the) if they are necessary. If no article is needed, leave the space blank (Æ).
1. Last night there was___________ singing outside my house.
2. ___________ chair which you are sitting in is broken.
3. ___________ Florida State University is smaller than___________ University of Florida.
4. Scientists sent___________ expedition to___________ Mars during___________ 1990s.
5. Mai’s grandmother is in___________ hospital, so we went to visit her___________ last night.
6. I’m on night duty. When you go to___________ bed, I go to___________ work.
7. Sorry, I can’t find the number. I remember writing it on___________ back of an envelope.
8. ___________ gold is perhaps___________ most highly treasured metal.	
9. ___________ Mekong River is _____ longest river in___________ Vietnam.
10. ___________ winter is usually cold, but___________ winter of this year is warm.
11. ___________ money you gave me is not enough to buy___________ bicycle.
12. Look at___________ sun. It is rising.	
13. We watch television after___________ dinner.
14. Mr. Brown bought___________ new car___________ last week.	
15. He usually travels to___________ Philadelphia by___________ train.
Exercise 3. In the following sentences supply the articles (a, an, or the) if they are necessary. If no article is needed, leave the space blank (Æ).
1. Miss White speaks___________ Chinese very well although she is from___________ UK.
2. ___________ swimming is___________ good sport.
3. Please open___________ door.	
4. ___________ United States is___________ world’s biggest consumer of energy.
5. Smith likes to play___________ volleyball, but he is not___________ good player.
6. My daughter is learning to play___________ violin at___________ school.
7. I told my mother we would be___________ home in___________ hour or so.
8. You can see _____ moon in___________ sky at___________ night.
9. ___________ her children play in___________ street all day.	
10. ___________ blue is___________ color I like.	
11. ___________ January is___________ first month of the year.	
12. You frequently see this kind of violence on___________ television.
13. ___________ AIDS is___________ incurable disease.	
14. Not everyone believes that _____ technology has improved_______ quality of people’s lives.
15. Would you show me___________ shortest way to___________ airport?
Exercise 4: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
1. It is estimated that about 640 women remain illiterate in________ world, mostly in developing countries.
	A. a	B. an	C. the	D. Æ
2. Did you read___________ book I lent you___________ last week.
	A. a/ the	B. the/ the	C. the/ Æ	D. Æ/ Æ
3. I went by___________ train to___________ West of England.
	A. Æ/ a	B. Æ/ the	C. Æ/ Æ	D. the/ the
4. We visited Canada and___________ United States.
	A. an	B. a	C. Æ	D. the
5. I fell in___________ love with him because of his kind nature.
	A. a	B. the	C. Æ	D. an
6. _____ schooling is compulsory in Australia between___________ ages of six and seventeen.
	A. The/ Æ	B. A/ an	C. Æ/ the	D. The/ an
7. In___________ most social situations, ___________ informality is appreciated.
	A. Æ/ Æ	B. the / an	C. a / the	D. the/ a
8. _______ love is________ very strong feeling of affection towards someone who you are romantically attracted to.
	A. The/ the	B. The/ Æ	C. A/ the	D. Æ/ a
9. London is___________ of England.
	A. a capital	B. capital	C. one capital	D. the capital
10. Do you know exactly___________ number of Siberian tigers in China?
	A. a	B. an 	C. the	D. Æ
11. It is estimated that only 1,000 pandas remain in___________ wild.
	A. a	B. an	C. the	D. Æ
12. ___________ friend in need is___________ friend indeed.
	A. The/ the	B. A/ a	C. Æ/ Æ	D. Æ/ the
13. What is your___________ biggest dream in___________ your life?
	A. Æ/ Æ	B. the/ a	C. the/ the	D. a/ the
14. Did you have___________ good time at the party last night?
	A. a	B. an	C. the	D. Æ
15. The local authorities are conducting___________ campaign to help___________ disabled.
	A. a/ the	B. the/ Æ	C. Æ/ Æ	D. Æ/ the
16. We should do something immediately to conserve ___________ nature
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
17. Everyone knows what is happening to ___________ earth but we just do not know how to stop it.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
18. Where can people play ___________ water polo? 
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
19. No __________ water polo player except _________ goalie can hold the ball with both hands.
A. a/ the 	B. the/ Ø 	C. the/ a 	D. Ø/ the
20. As for me, I consider reading ____________ important part of ____________ life.
A. an/ Ø 	B. the/ a 	C. Ø/ the 	D. an/ a
Exercise 5: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
1. Anne says that she reads about half____________ hour a day, at least.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
2. Different people like specific types of books, and some people just like____________ literature in general.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
3. Have you ever read_________ "Oliver Twist", _________ interesting novel written by Charles Dickens?
A. the/ the 	B. Ø/ an 	C. Ø/ Ø 	D. an/ the
4. I like____________ books better than ____________ films.
A. Ø/ Ø 	B. the/ the 	 	C. Ø/ the 	D. the/ Ø
5. How many players are there in ___________ water polo team?
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
6. ___________ swimming is considered to be good way of losing weight.
A. Ø/ a 	B. The/ a 	C. A/ the 	D. The/ the
7. Water polo is played in___________ pool 1.8 meters deep.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
8. The goalie tried to catch___________ ball, but he failed.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
9. Internationally, 189 countries have signed___________ accord agreeing to create Biodiversity Action Plans to protect endangered and other threatened species.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
10. Known worldwide by its panda logo, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is dedicated to protecting ______ world's wildlife and the rich biological diversity that we all need to survive.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
11. WWF is___________ leading privately supported international conservation organization in the world, and has sponsored more than 2,000 projects in 116 countries.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
12. Species become extinct or endangered for___________ number of reasons, but___________ primary cause is the destruction of habitat by human activities.
A. Ø/ a 	B. a/ the 	C. the/ a 	D. Ø/ Ø
13. Since ___________ 1600s, worldwide overexploitation of animals for___________ food and other products has caused numerous species to become extinct or endangered.
A. the/ a 	B. the/ Ø 	C. Ø/ the 	D. the/ the
14. By 2015, it will be widely accepted that schools and pre-schools have___________ extremely important role to play in future of our world.
A. an/ a 	B. an/ the 	C. the/ the 	D. Ø/ Ø
15. On___________ Internet and with cable television we can select information from___________ wide variety of sources.
A. the/ a 	B. an/ the 	C. the/ Ø 	D. Ø/ the 
16. There is one___________ thing we can be sure___________ energy will be more challenging and more important in the future.
A. the/ Ø 	B. the/ an 	C. a/ the 	D. Ø/ Ø
17. ________ Europe and Asia are coming to rely more and more on_______ nuclear generation.
A. An/ a 	B. Ø/ Ø 	C. The/ the 	D. The/ a
18. He usually travels to___________ Philadelphia by___________ train.
A. Ø/ Ø 	B. the/ a 	C. the/ the 	D. Ø/ a
19. You frequently see this kind of violence on___________ television.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
20. How do we know what___________ universe is supposed to look like?
A. a 	B. an 	C. the	 	D. Ø
Exercise 6: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.
1. ____________ Sahara of ____________ Africa is the world's largest desert.
A. Ø/ the 	B. The/ Ø 	C. A/ an 	D. The/ an
2. Deserts can be defined as areas that receive_________ average annual precipitation of less than 250 mm.
A. a 	B. an	 	C. the 	D. Ø
3. The Simpson Desert is in____________ north of____________ Lake Eyre.
A. Ø/ Ø 	B. the/ the 	C. a/ the 	D. the/ Ø
4. Cold deserts can be covered in__________ snow or ice and frozen water is unavailable to plant life.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
5. ____________ sand covers only about 20 percent of Earth's deserts.
A. A 	B. An 	C. The 	D. Ø
6. Deserts have____________ reputation for supporting very little life, but in____________ reality deserts often have high biodiversity.
A. a/ Ø 	B. the/ the 	C. a/ the 	D. the/ a
7. Peter enjoys____________ science fictions, ____________ type of book based on imagined scientific discoveries in the future.
A. Ø/ Ø	 	B. the/ Ø 	C. Ø/ a 	D. the/ the
8. Different people never read a book in____________ same way.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the	D. Ø
9. Companies now can exploit the opportunities presented by____________ integrated market of increasingly prosperous consumers in the region.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
10. Among____________ greatest challenges are the integration of market diversity and the transitional economies of its member countries.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the	 	D. Ø
11. Integrating with_____ world's economy, we find ourselves facing important opportunities and challenges.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
12. To build on the field of political and security cooperation, ____________ leaders have agreed to establish the ASEAN Security Community (CASC).
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
13. On July 28, 1995, Vietnam became_____________ seventh member of ASEAN.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
14. This country has ___________ population of over 50 million.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
15. All countries remain ready to further cooperation with___________ United Nations in the ongoing humanitarian efforts for the victims of catastrophe.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
16. ___________ UN leaders appreciate the support, cooperation and leadership that ASEAN has shown in helping the victims of disasters.
A. A 	B. An 	C. The 	D. Ø 
17. The organization hosts cultural activities in ___________ attempt to further integrate the region.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
18. In earlier times when the family depended on the hunter for food, woman's role, because she was gatherer, was secondary.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
19. Education is recognized as __________ essential need for achieving equality in most walks of life. 
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø
20. It is estimated that about 640 women remain illiterate in _______ world, mostly in developing countries.
A. a 	B. an 	C. the 	D. Ø