Đề ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Chuyên đề câu điều kiện và ước

ISSUE – CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISH 
Collected and Edited by: Hoàng Văn Hợi – Tel: 0975 630 187 1 
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISH 
I. THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 
There are 2 parts in the conditional sentence: 2 clauses 
 IF CLAUSE , MAIN CLAUSE 
 Hoặc MAIN CLAUSE IF CLAUSE 
1, The conditional sentence type 1: Có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc là tương lai 
Ex: If I have a lot of money, I will buy a new house 
 IF CLAUSE (Present simple) , Main clause (Future) 
If + S + BE + N/ADJ 
If + S + Ves/s + O , S+will/ can/must/may + Vo + O 
If + S + doesn’t/ don’t + Vo+ O, 
* Những trường hợp khác: 
 1, If + S + V (simple present), Imperative ( Mệnh lệnh) 
Ex: If you go to the post office, please mail this letter for me 
2, Imperative (mệnh lệnh) + or + S + V (simple future) 
Ex: Prepare the lesson carefully or you will get a bad mark 
= If you don’t prepare the lesson carefully , you will get a bad mark 
3, If + S + V (simple present), S + V (simple present). Cũng có thể gọi là điều kiện 0 
= Diễn tả 1 sự thật hiển nhiên (If = when = whenever) 
Ex: If you mix blue and yellow, you get green 
4, If not = Unless (Trừ khi, trừ phi) 
Ex: If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late for school = Unless you hurry, you’ll be late for school. 
NOTE: 
- We can use all present tenses after IF, not just the simple present 
Ex: If she finishes work early, she will go home ( If + simple present + will) 
 If she has finished work by 4 o’clock, she will go home ( If + present perfect + will) 
- We can use all future tenses in the main clauses, not just the WILL - future 
Ex: If he doesn’t hurry, the plan will have left by the time he gets to the airport 
- We can use type 1 conditionals to describe what will or won’t (probably) happen. 
Ex: If the weather clears, we will go for a walk ( No: If the weather will clear) 
- When we use WILL in the main clause, we are expressing certainly or near-certainly. 
 Ex: If the weather clears, we will go for a walk ( Certain, or nearly–certain) 
- If we not feel certain enough to use WILL, we can use another modal to say what is possible, necessary 
or desirable (mong muốn). 
Ex: If it is fine tomorrow, we may go for a swim (it’s possible) 
 If it is fine tomorrow, we must go for a swim (it’s necessary or desirable to do this) 
- If + should instead of if + present , makes the condition more doubtful or very polite. 
Ex: If I should see him, I’ll ask him to ring you = If I see him, I’ll ask him to ring you 
2, The conditional sentence type 2: 
 If I were a bird, I would be white pigeon 
 If it were cold now, we wouldn’t switch on the fans. (but it’s hot and we have to switch on the fans) 
 I would fly if I were a bird. (but I am not a bird and I can’t fly) 
IF CLAUSE (Past simple), Main clause (would + Vo) – Past Subjunctive –Bàng thái cách /QK giả định 
If + S + were + N/ADJ , 
If + S + Ved/2 + O , S+would/ could/ might + Vo + O 
If + S + did not + Vo+ O, , 
ĐK 2: Diễn tả một hành động không có thực ở hiện tại – (Gỉa thiết trái với thực tế ở hiện tại) 
* Những trường hợp khác: 
ISSUE – CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISH 
Collected and Edited by: Hoàng Văn Hợi – Tel: 0975 630 187 2 
1, The variation of the IF – Clause (Biến thể của mệnh đề IF) 
IF + S + V (QKTD) , S + would/could/might + Vo 
Ex: If you were driving from London to Glasslgow, which way would you go? 
2, The variation of the main clause (Biến thể của mệnh đề chính) 
IF + S + V (QKĐ/Bàng thái cách ) , S + would/could/might + be + Ving 
Ex: I am holiday; I am not touring Italy 
= If I were/was on holiday, I would be touring Italy 
3, The conditional sentence type 3: 
Ex: A: Did you go to school yesterday? 
 B: Yes I did/ No I didn’t 
 A: What would have happened if you had not gone to school yesterday 
 B: If I had not gone to school yesterday, I would not have understood the lesonn 
EX.a. Miss Phuong wouldn’t have won the prize if she hadn’t attended the beauty contest. 
 (but the fact that she attended and she won the prize) 
b. We would have got good marks if we had prepared our last lesson carefully. 
 (but the fact that we didn’t prepare our last lesson carefully and we didn’t get good marks). 
IF CLAUSE (Past perfect) , Main clause (Past perfect conditional) 
If+S +had (not) + Ved/3+O, S + should/could/would/might+have+Ved/3+O 
ĐK 3: Diễn tả một hành động không có thật ở quá khứ – (Giả thiết trái với thực tế ở quá khứ) 
* Những trường hợp khác: 
1, The variation of the main clause (Biến thể của mệnh đề chính) 
IF + S + had + Ved/2, S + could/would/might + have + been + Ving 
Ex: Mr Pike’s son was there; that’s why I wasn’t sitting in front. 
= If Mr Pike’s son hadn’t been there, I wwould have been sitting in front. 
1, The variation of the IF – Clause (Biến thể của mệnh đề IF) 
IF + S + had + been + Ving , S + could/would/might + have + Ved/2 
Ex: I was wearing a seat belt, so I didn’t have a bad accident. 
= If I hadn’t been wearing a seat belt,wwould have had a bad accident. 
4, Mixed conditional sentence ( Điều kiện hỗn hợp). 
We do not always have to stick rigidity (khắc nghiệt, nghiêm khắc) to the three types of conditional 
sentences. There are occassions when we can use any tenses in IF – Clauses, depending on the text. 
ĐK1,3: If I am as clever as you say I am, I would have been rich by now 
 Type 1 Type 3 
ĐK2,3: If you knew me better, you could / would not have said that 
 Type 2 Type 3 
- Diễn tả một sự việc trái với thực tế hiện có, dẫn đến kết quả về một sự việc không thực ở QK 
Ex: My brother is not a policeman, so he couldn’t help the boys when they asked 
 =If my brother were a policeman, so he could have helped the boys when they asked 
ĐK3,2: If I had had your advantages , I could / would be better off now 
 Type 3 Type 2 - LÀ QUAN HỆ NHÂN QUẢ 
- Diễn tả một giả thiết ngược lại với điều gì đó đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và nhấn mạnh kết quả ở 
hiện tại đã bị ảnh hưởng của sự việc không xảy ra trong quá khứ đó.(Nói cách khác là : Diễn tả một sự 
việc xảy ra trong quá khứ, nhưng có kết quả ở hiện tại.) 
Ex:1. If I hadn’t got out of control last night, he would not be so embrassed now (ĐK 3,2) 
Type 2: Trái với hiện trạng/tại 
Type 3: Trái với những điều đã xảy ra, hoặc chưa xảy ra trong quá khứ. 
EX 2. He isn’t a rich man now because he didn’t take my advice. 
 = If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man (ĐK 3,2) 
EX 3. If I were you, I wouldn’t have refused her invitation (ĐK 2,3) 
( Nếu tôi là bạn , tôi sẽ không từ chối lời mời của cô ấy) 
ISSUE – CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISH 
Collected and Edited by: Hoàng Văn Hợi – Tel: 0975 630 187 3 
 4. If you knew her better, you couldn’t have been so appointed (thất vọng rồi)(ĐK 2,3) 
 5. If he had taken my advice, he would be rich a man now.(ĐK 3,2) 
( Nếu anh ta nghe lời khuyên của tôi thì bây giờ anh ta đã giàu to rồi) 
- Anh ta không nghe (qk), nên không giàu (htại) 
 6. If I had been born in town, I would like life there.(ĐK 3,2) 
(the fact that I wasn’t born in town, so I don’t like life there now) 
 7. If I followed your advice, I would have a job now.(ĐK 2,3) 
(the fact that I didn’t follow your advice, so I don’t have a job now) 
 8. If I hadn’t been in a hurry this morning, I wouldn’t so hungry now.(ĐK 3,2) 
EX: The plane I intended to catch crashed and everyone was killed. 
 If I had caught that plane I would be dead now/ I would have been killed (ĐK 3; or 3,2) 
(Chiếc máy bay tôi định đi đã bị nổ và mọi người đều chết – Nếu tôi đi chuyến bay đó tôi đã chết rồi 
(Would be dead now – trái hiện tại – hiện tại đang sống) 
Ex: If I had worked hard at school I would be sitting in a comfortabe office now 
 I would not be sweeping the street. 
( Nếu tôi học hành chăm chỉ thì bây giờ tôi đã ngồi trong phòng làm việc thoải mái rồi. Tôi sẽ không phải 
đi quét rác đường phố) – Nhưng tôi không học chăm chỉ và bây giờ tôi đi quét rác đương phố 
NOTE: 
1, ZERO CONDITIONAL: - Show the truth and fact (sự thật và thực tế) 
- To express automatic or habitual result ( kết quả tự động hoặc thói quen) 
IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + MAIN CLAUSE (SIMPLE PRESENT) 
EX: If you add two and two you get 4 
 If you heat water 100o C , it boils 
 If you heat ice it turns to water. 
 If you mix blue and yellow, you get green 
2, Cấu trúc : IF + Adjective 
IF + Adjective, clause: Loại này được lược bỏ Tobe 
Ex: If necceessary, you can take a taxi 
3, Cấu trúc với HAPPEN TO: Dùng để nhấn mạnh sự tình cờ hoặc cơ hội của một sự việc 
Ex: If you happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me? 
 (Nếu bạn tình cờ gặp Helen, bạn nhắn cô ấy gọi mình nhé) 
4, UNLESS (NẾU KHÔNG TRỪ PHI ) = IF ..NOT 
Unless +MĐKĐ = If + MĐPĐ 
Ex: a, If I have time , I’ll help you  Unless I have time , I won’t help you 
 b,If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster 
 Unless we had more rain, our crops wouldn’t grow faster 
c, If I won a big prize a lottery, I’d build a school for the poor 
 Unless I won a big prize a lottery, I wouldn’t build a school for the poor 
 d,If she doesn’t phone me, I won’ know the news 
 Unless she phones me , I won’ know the news 
e, If she had not sneeded, he wouldn’t have known that were there 
 Unless she had sneeded, he wouldn’t have known that were there 
 f, I won’t visit you if I don’t have time  Unless I have time, I won’t visit you. 
 g,We’ll go camping if the weather is fine.Unless the weather is fine, we won’t go camping. 
 h, If you miss seeing the first part of the film, you can’t say you understand it. 
  Unless you see the first part of the film, you can’t say you understand it. 
 J, You wwill be late for dinner if you don’t hurry 
  You wwill be late for dinner unless you hurry 
ISSUE – CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISH 
Collected and Edited by: Hoàng Văn Hợi – Tel: 0975 630 187 4 
* Unless thường dùng ở điều kiện 1 là chủ yếu, cũng có dùng ở điều kiện 2, 3 nhưng rất ít. 
5, Inversion of Subject and Verb. (Sẽ đề cập trong chuyên đề Inversions) 
 Some conditional structures can take inversion of subject and verb and omission IF. The resulting 
structures are formal (trang trọng). They also suggest that condition is unlikely to be met. (không chắc). 
Ex1, If you see Henry, give him our love  Should you see Henry, give him our love 
 2, If I have money, I will buy a new car. Should I have money, I will buy a new car. 
 3, If I were to buy a yatch, I would have a marvelous time 
  Were I to buy a yacht,(thuyền buồm) I would have a marvelous time 
 4, If my bank had lent me the money, I would have bought a yacht 
  Had my bank lent me the money, I would have bought a yacht 
 5, It would be a wise move, if they only realised  It would be a wise move, did they only realise. 
a) Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại I 
- Câu điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng should thay hiện tại không xác định chỉ khả năng xảy ra ít hơn ở 
tương lại. 
Ex: If it should rain tonight, I will stay at home = Should it rain .. 
- Câu điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng hiện tại hoàn thành thì ta đảo Should + have done (Nguyên thể 
hoàn thành) ở tất cả các ngôi 
Ex: If she has finished the work, she can go home = Should she have finished . 
- Nếu trong câu có “should” ở mệnh đề if, thì đảo “should” lên đầu câu 
If he should ring , I will tell him the news.  Should he ring, I will tell him the news. 
- Nếu trong câu không có “should”, chúng ta phải mượn “should” 
If he has free time, he’ll play tennis.  Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis. 
If she comes early, we’ll start.  Should she come early, we’ll start. 
b) Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại II 
- Nếu trong câu có động từ “were”, thì đảo “were” lên đầu. 
If I were a bird, I would fly.  Were I a bird, I would fly. 
They would answer me if they were here. Were they here, they would answer me. 
- Nếu trong câu không có động từ “were” thì mượn “were’ và dùng “ to Verb” 
If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book. 
 Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book. 
If they lived in Australia now, they would go swimming. 
 Were they to live in Australia now, they would go swimming. 
NOTE: 
Ở điều kiện 2 thay vì dùng past subjunctive, chúng ta có thể dùng WERE TO hoặc SHOULD + Vo để 
nhấn mạnh sự nghi ngờ, không chắc chắn 
EX: If he were to resign = If he resigned (Nếu anh ta phải từ chức) 
 If I were to succeed = If I succeed ( Nếu tôi thành công) 
Ex: If she were to (should ) see you, She would be very surprised 
(Nếu cô ấy nhìn thấy bạn, có ấy sẽ rất ngạc nhiên) 
c) Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại III 
- Đảo trợ động từ của thì quá khứ hoàn thành. 
If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home. 
 Had it rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home. 
If he had trained hard, he would have won the match. 
 Had he trained hard, he would have won the match. 
Chú ý: ở dạng phủ định, “not” được đặt sau chủ ngữ: 
- Had it not been so late, we would have called you 
- If I hadn’t been carrefully, I would have had an accident last ngight 
= Had I not been carrefully, I would have had an accident last ngight 
ISSUE – CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISH 
Collected and Edited by: Hoàng Văn Hợi – Tel: 0975 630 187 5 
* Chúng ta có thể lược bỏ IF hay UNLESS và đưa Were/ had/ did ra trước chủ ngữ trong câu điều 
kiện 2, 3. 
EX: If she had more practise, she would speak English better 
 Did she have more practise, she would speak English better/ were she to have more 
If she were to /should see you, she would be very surprised 
Were she to /should she see you, she would be very surprised 
If I had known she was sick, I should have visted her 
Had I known she was sick, I should have visted her 
If I were you, I would be love her Were I you, I would be love her 
If I have money, I will buy a new car Should I have money, I will buy a new car 
6, Conjunctions we can sometimes use in place of “IF” 
We can introduce the conditional sentence with conjuctions which do not always have exactly the same 
 meaning as IF. For example: – assuming that (giả định), even if (ngay cả khi, dù cho), provided (that), 
On condition (that), As long as, so long as (Miễn là, với điều kiện là), Supposing/suppose (giả sử), in 
case (trong trường hợp), whether . or = if or (dù có ..hay không), otherwise ( kẻo, nếu không), 
but for (nếu không có, nếu không tại, nếu không vì.)  
a, And, or (else): kẻo thường thay bằng otherwise 
 Take these vitamin pills and you will be fine 
  You will be fine If you take these vitamin pills 
 Don’t break the laws or (else) you will be punished 
  you will be punished if you break the laws 
b, As long as/ so long as: 
 You can borrow my car as long as you drive it carefully 
 You can borrow my car if you drive it carefully 
 You can go with us so long as you share the expensive 
 You can go with us if you share the expensive 
c, On condition that: 
 I will buy you a bike on condition that you pass the exam 
 I will buy you a bike if you pass the exam 
d, Provided (that) / providing (that): 
 I will go with you provided (that) we come back early 
 I will go with you if we come back early 
I will have a nice time providing(that) the weather is fine 
 I will have a nice time if the weather is fine 
e, Suppose, supposing 
 Suppose you were rich, how would you sent your money? 
 If you were rich, how would you sent your money? 
Supposing he won the first prize , what would he do? 
If he won the first prize , what would he do? 
f, Even if = even though: 
 You must go tomorrow if you are ready  You must go tomorrow even if you are not ready 
g, Whether.or = If .or: 
 You must go tomorrow if you are ready or not 
 You must go tomorrow whether you are ready or not 
h, Otherwise (Nếu điều này không xảy ra)/ hoặc nếu không: (đúng đầu hoặc cuối câu) 
If we are not back before midnight we’ll be locked out 
We must back before midnight; otherwwise we’ll be locked out 
If her father didn’t pay her fees she wouldn’t be here 
Her father pays her fees; otherwise she wouldn’t be here 
If I hadn’t used my caculator , I’d have taken longer 
 If I used my caculator ; otherwwise I’d have taken longer 
If you hadn’t given us the directions, we wouldn’t have found the house 
ISSUE – CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISH 
Collected and Edited by: Hoàng Văn Hợi – Tel: 0975 630 187 6 
 Thanks to your directions to the house, we wouldn’t have found tit otherwise 
(Cảm ơn sự chỉ dẫn của bạn, chúng tôi sẽ không tìm ra căn nhà nếu không có nó) 
i, But for : (nếu không có, nếu không tại, nếu không vì) + điều kiện II, III 
- Có thể thay thế cho “ IF IT WAS NOT FOR + N , CLAUSE ) Nếu sự việc xảy ra ở hiện tại. 
 Today but for the rain = if it wasn’t for the rain 
Hoặc IF IT HAD NOT BEEN FOR + N , CLAUSE: Nếu sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ 
(IF IT WAS NOT FOR và IF IT HAD NOT BEEN FOR Dùng để miêu tả 1 sự vật này phụ thuộc vào sự vật kia) 
 Yesterday but for the rain = if it had not been for the rain 
 But for your welcome = if it hadn’t had your welcome 
Ex:- If It were not for Jim, this company would be in a mess 
 - If It hadn’t been for the goalkeepers, Vietnam would have lost 
 ( nếu không có thủ môn, chắc VN đã thua rồi) 
* But for + điều kiện loại II, III 
But for: nếu không có 
Ex: - You help me everyday so I can finish my work. 
  But for your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work. 
 - She encouraged him and he succeeded. 
  But for her encouragement, he wouldn’t have succeeded. 
 - The teacher explained and we understood. 
  But for the teacher’s explanation, we wouldn’t have understood. 
 - If you hadn’t helped us, we would have been in trouble 
  But for your help, we would have been in trouble 
CHÚ Ý: Động từ trong mệnh đề IF dùng TOBE hay TO HAVE tùy theo nghĩa. But for đã ngầm mang 
nghĩa phủ định rồi và bao giờ cũng đứng trước Danh từ, còn sau IF là một mệnh đề viết ở thể phủ định. 
 But for the rain (if it had not rained), We should have gone to Da lat. 
J, In case = if: trong trường hợp (nếu). 
 Theo sau In case (if) cũng là mệnh đề chính và động từ đi với in case (if) dùng thì hiện tại đơn. 
 In case (if) + S + present tense, S + simple future. 
Ex: In case (if) he steals your bicycle, he will be in prison. 
(Trong trường hợp nếu anh ta lấy cắp xe đạp của anh thì anh ta sẽ phải đi tù.) 
7, if và in case (trong trường hợp): 
 Các thì dùng với IN CASE 
Động từ chính 
 Tương lai 
 Hiện tại + in case + thì hiện tại hoặc should +Vo 
 Hiện tại hoàn thành 
 Thì điều kiện 
Thì quá khứ + in case + thì quá khứ hoặc should + Vo 
Qúa khứ hoàn thành 
- Mệnh đề in case giải thích lý do cho hành động ở mệnh đề chính 
Some cyclists carry repair outfits in case they have a functure 
= Some cyclists carry repair outfits because they may / because it is possible they will have a 
functure( Mố số tay lái xe đạp mang đồ nghề sửa chữa vì họ có thể bị thủng lốp xe) 
- Mệnh đề in case luôn luôn đặt sau mệnh đề chính. 
Tuy nhiên, cần lưu ý rằng IN CASE OF + N = IF THERE IS A/AN + N 
 In case of accident phone 113 = if there is an accident phone 113 
k, Mệnh đề cách + and 
 Do that again and I’ll call a policeman = If you do that again, I’ll call a policeman 
l, When (khi): 
ISSUE – CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISH 
Collected and Edited by: Hoàng Văn Hợi – Tel: 0975 630 187 7 
 - Khi dùng when là biêt một điều chắc chắn xảy ra 
 - Khi dùng if là chưa biết chắc hành động xảy ra 
8, IF ONLY/ AS IF/ AS THOUGH 
a, IF ONLY: Only có thể đi sau IF và diễn đạt hy vọng, ước muốn hoặc sự hối tiếc tùy theo thì được dùng 
với nó. 
+ IF ONLY + will/thì hiện tại : diễn tả hy vọng trong tương lai 
 If only he comes in time(đúng giờ/ on time kịp giờ) = We hope he’ll come in time 
 If only he will listen to her = We hope he will be willing to listen to her. 
+ IF OLY + QKĐ/ QKHT : Diễn tả hđộng không có thật ỏ htại/Diễn tả sự hối tiếc(không có ở QK) 
 If only he didn’t smoke ( Gía mà anh ấy không hút thuốc) = We wish he didn’t smoke 
 If only you hadn’t said “ Liar” giá cậu đừng nói “ đồ nói láo” = We wish you hadn’t said “ Liar” 
Note: 
IF ONLY = I WISH, I HOPE ( ước gì, hy vọng rằng) 
Ao ước tuyệt vọng (hopeless wish) ta dùng động từ theo hình thức: Would + infi 
EX: If only the war would cease! Ước gì chiến tranh chấm dứt 
 IF ONLY ..WOULD DO: = person A wish person B would do something 
EX: You are driving too dangerously, if only you would drive slowly 
 = I wish you would drive slowly 
b, AS IF/ AS THOUGH 
+ Chỉ hành động xảy ra ở hiện tại: (Dtả hành động có thật ở hiện tại) 
 S + V(present) + as if/ as though + S + V(present) 
 Do you hear that music next door? It sounds as if they are having a party 
+ Chỉ hành động hay sự kiện không có thật ở hiện tại: 
 S + V(present) + as if/ as though + S + V(past) 
 Ann walks as if she studied 
 He acts as though he were rich 
 The girl dresses as if it were summer even in the winter 
+ Chỉ hành động hay sự kiện không có thật ở quá khứ: 
S + V(past) + as if/ as though + S + had + V(p.p) 
Barbara looked as if he had won the good prize 
 Barbara talked about the contest as if she had won the good prize 
 John looked as though he had run ten miles 
II, WISH (Ao ước) 
The verb wish is used to indicate something that definitely did not happen or definitely will not happen 
Wish = if only ( Trước wish luôn có chủ ngữ) 
1, Present wish: (Ước ở hiện tại ta đưa về quá khứ) 
 S1 + wish + S2 + past subjunctive – qk giả định – (Diễn tả sự nuối tiếc ở htại, không có thật ở htại) 
(IF ONLY) 
EX: I don’t have enough time to finish my home work 
 I wish I had enough time to finish my home work 
You are not old enough to see this film  We wish you were old enough to see this film 
They have to go to class today They wish they didn’t have to go class today 
2, Past wish: (ước ở quá khứ ta đưa về quá khư hoàn thành) 
S1 + wish + S2 + past perfect subjunctive – QKHT giả định (Diễn tả sự nuối tiếc trong qk) 
(IF ONLY) Could have + Pped/3 
 I failed my exam last year I wish I hadn’t failed my exam last year 
She didn’t have enough money to buy the house 
She wishes She had had enough money to buy the house 
She couldn’t be there She wishes she could have been there 
ISSUE – CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISH 
Collected and Edited by: Hoàng Văn Hợi – Tel: 0975 630 187 8 
3, Future wish: (ước ở tương lai ta đưa vê tương lại trong quá khứ) 
S1 + wish + S2 + would/could + Vo +O (Phàn nàn hay muốn thay đổi tình huống ở h tại, A,B là hai người khác nhau) 
(IF ONLY) were + Ving + O 
 She will not tell me I wish she would tell me 
She is not coming with us I wish she were coming with us 
Ngoài ra: 
A, Wish + to do / wish sb do sth / wish sb to do sth 
Ex: I wish to pass the entrance exam 
 I wish you happy birthday 
 I wish you to become a good teacher 
Chú ý: Trong trường hợp này, chúng ta có thể thay thế wish bằng want hoặc would like 
Ex: I would like / want to speak to Ann 
B, It’s time sb did sth: đã đến lúc ai đó phải làm gì ở hiện tại 
Ex: The exam is coming. It’s time they worked hard 
C, It’s high time sb did sth: để nhấn mạnh hơn ý muốn nói 
Ex: It’s high time we started 
D, Person A would rather person B did sth: Đề nghị ai đó một cách lịch sử ở hiện tại 
Ex: A: Would you mind if I smoke 
 B: I’d rather you didn’t smoke 
* Sau đây là một số tính từ đòi hỏi mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, trong câu bắt buộc ta phải 
có THAT và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ TO: advised (Khuyên), necessary, 
recommended ( ), important (quan trọng), required (yêu cầu), imperative (mệnh lệnh), mandatory 
(lệnh, uỷ nhiệm ), proposed (đề nghị), suggested (gợi ý) 
Lưu ý: Nếu muốn cấu tạo phủ định đặt NOT sau chủ ngữ trước nguyên thể có TO 
It is necessary that he find the book 
It is necessary that he not find the book 
It has been proposed that we change the topic 
It has been proposed that we not change the topic 
Nếu bỏ THAT đi thì chủ ngữ 2 sẽ biến thành tân ngữ sau giới từ FOR, động từ trở về dạng nguyên thể 
có TO và câu mất tính chất giả định trở thành dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp. 
It is necessary for him to find the book 
It is necessary for him not to find the book 
It has been proposed for us to change the topic 
It has been proposed for us not to change the topic