Thì hiện tại đơn (The simple present) 1. Khi nào dùng thì hiện tại đơn ? - Để diễn đạt những hành động theo thói quen. Cats drinks milk: He smokes: Thì hiện tại đơn thường được dùng với những trạng từ hoặc cụm trạng từ như: always, never, often, sometimes, usually, every week, on Mondays, twice a year,every time, as a rule, every day (every other day), once (a month), once in a while.hoặc với những mệnh đề chỉ thời gian nhằm biểu thị lề thói hằng ngày hoặc những hành động theo thói quen. It rains in winter: I go to church on Sundays: - Để diễn đạt những hành động luôn luôn đúng. The earth is round: Trái đất hình tròn. - Dùng thì hiện tại đơn thay cho thì hiện tại tiếp diễn khi những động từ trong câu không có dạng tiếp diễn, ví dụ: love, see, believe Do đó chúng ta nói I love you chứ không nói I am loving you. - Thì hiện tại đơn có thể được dùng để chỉ một hành động tương lai được hoạch định trước, hoặc là một chuỗi những hành động, đặc biệt là khi chúng được dùng để nói về một chuyến đi. Ví dụ: We leave London at 10.00 next Tuesday and arrive in Paris at 13.00. We spend two hours in Paris and leave again at 15.00. 2. Cách chuyển động từ khi chủ ngữ là ngôi thứ 3 số ít: Quy tắc chung là thêm –s vào sau động từ nguyên thể Work - works, sit – sits, stay - stays Các động từ có tận cùng là phụ âm + y: đổi y thành i và thêm -es Cry – cries, hurry – hurries, reply - replies Các động từ tận cùng là – s, -z , -ch, -sh, hoặc –x: thêm –es vào động từ nguyên thể. Miss – misses, buzz – buzzes, watch – watches, push – pushes, fix – fixes. Ngoại lệ Have - has, go – goes, do - does 3. Cấu trúc của nó là gì ? - Câu khẳng định S + V(s/es) + (O) Nếu chủ ngữ là ngôi thứ 3 số ít ( He, She, it) thì thêm s/es sau động từ (V) + I use internet everyday. + She often goes to school at 7 o’ clock. - Câu phủ định + S + do not/don't + V + (O) + S + does not/doen't + V + (O) I don’t think so She does not like it - Câu nghi vấn + (Từ để hỏi +) Do/does + S + V + (O)? Vd: What does she do ? + (Từ để hỏi +) Don't/doesn't + S + V + (O)? Vd: Why don’t you study Enghlish ? + (Từ để hỏi +) Do/does S + not + V + (O)? Động từ TO BE: (Khẳng định: S+ AM/IS/ARE + (an/a/the) N(s)/ Adj Phủ định: S + AM/IS/ARE + NOT + (an/a/the) N (s)/ Adj Nghi vấn: AM/IS/ARE + S + (an/a/the) N (s)/ Adj Ví dụ: I am a student. She is not beautiful. Are you a student? – S = I + am – S = He/ She/ It + is – S = We/ You/ They + are Hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present Continuous) Công thức Khẳng định: S + is/ am/ are + V_ing + O – S = I + am – S = He/ She/ It + is – S = We/ You/ They + are They are watching TV now. She is cooking with her mother. We are studying English. Phủ định: S+ is/ am/ are + NOT + V_ing + O I am not listening to music at the moment. My sister isn’t working now. They aren’t watching the TV at present. Nghi vấn: Is/ am/ are + S+ V_ing + O - Are you doing your homework? - Yes, I am./ No, I am not. - Is he going out with you? - Yes, he is./ No, he isn’t. Are they studying English? - Yes, they are./ No, they aren't. Wh-question:who, what, where, when, how.... Wh-question + is/ am/ are + V_ing + O What are you doing? I am studying English Where is she teaching? She is teaching at T78 high school Usage: ( Cách dùng) 1/ Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ngay tại thời điểm nói. Ex: Please don’t make so much noise. I am working. Where’s Mary? – She’s having a bath. 2/ Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra và kéo dài một thời gian ở hiện tại. Ex:-What are you doing now? -I am cooking. -At present, my younger sister is teaching English and (is) studying medicine. * Thường dùng với các từ/cụm từ chỉ thời gian như: now, right now, at the moment (lúc này), at present (hiện nay) 3/ Diễn tả một tình huống tạm thời Ex: I’m living with some friends until I find a flat. The telephone isn’t working this morning. 4/ Diễn tả những tình huống đang tiến triển, đang thay đổi (dù kéo dài) Ex: That child is getting bigger every day. 5/ Diễn đạt ý tương lai: * Diễn tả những sự việc xảy ra trong khoảng thời gian gần lúc nói ( ví dụ như: hôm nay, tuần này, tối nay) Ex1: A: You’re working hard today. B: Yes, I have a lot to do. Ex2: Are you doing anything this afternoon? * Diễn tả những việc đã sắp xếp để thực hiện, có dự định trước (thường mang tính cá nhân) và trong câu có phó từ chỉ thời gian đi kèm. Ex1: A: What are you doing on Saturday evening? B: I am going to the theatre. Ex2: We are leaving tomorrow. 6/ Hiện tại tiếp diễn với những động từ chỉ sự hy vọng, mong đợi ( dùng thay cho thì hiện tại đơn trong thư tín, lời mời) Ex: We are looking forward to seeing you. I’m hoping to see you soon. 7/ Các động từ Love,Like, Dislike, Hate, Loathe(ghét), prefer (thích hơn)Believe , Detest (ghét cay ghét đắng), Fear(sợ), Respect, , Trust , Want , Wish , Desire , Know , Perceive(nhận thấy, nhận thức, lĩnh hội) ,Notice(chú ý) , Understand , Forget , Remember , Recollect (nhớ lại, nhớ ra) ,Consist( gồm có) , Contain(bao gồm,chứa đựng) , Concern(có liên quan) , Belong , have (có) Possess(sở hữu) , Own , Owe , Concern , Matter , Appear(có vẻ), Look (có vẻ), Feel (cảm thấy) Seem (dường như), Smell (có mùi), Taste (có vị), Sound (có vẻ), Mean (có nghĩa là), Signify (có nghĩa là), See (hiểu), Realize (nhận ra), Recognize (nhận thức), Hold (chứa đựng), Keep(tiếp tục), Admire (khâm phục), depend (phụ thuộc), suppose (giả sử), need, weigh (cân nặng) Không dùng ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn và bất kỳ thì tiếp diễn nào khác. EXERCISE: I. Chia các câu sau ở thì hiện tại đơn My father always ................................ Sunday dinner. (make) Ruth ................................ eggs; they ................................ her ill. (not eat; make) "Have you got a light, by any chance?" "Sorry, I ...................." (smoke) ........................... Mark ............................ to school every day? (go) ......................... your parents ......................... your girlfriend? (like) How often ........................... you .......................... swimming? (go) Where ................................ your sister ................................? (work) Ann ................................. usually ................................ lunch. (not have) Who ................................ the ironing in your house? (do) We ................................ out once a week. (go) My friend is finding life in Paris a bit difficult. He ................ (speak) French. Most students live quite close to the college, so they ................. (walk) there every day. How often ......................... you ....................... (look) in a mirror? I've got four cats and two dogs. I ........................ (love) animals. No breakfast for Mark, thanks. He ........................ ( not/eat) breakfast. What's the matter? You ................................ (not/look) very happy. Don't try to ring the bell. It ................................ (not/work). I hate telephone answering machines. I just. .................. (like) talking to them. Matthew is good at badminton. He ....................... (win) every game. We always travel by bus. We ................................ (not/own) a car She (not study) .... on Saturday. He (have) . a new haircut today. I usually (have) .... breakfast at 6.30. Peter (not/ study) ...very hard. He never gets high scores. My mother often (teach) ... me English on Saturday evenings. I like Math and she (like) .... Literature. My sister (wash) .... dishes everyday. They (not/ have) ....breakfast every morning. My cousin, Peter (have) ... a dog. It (be) ... an intelligent pet with a short tail and big black eyes. Its name (be)..Kiki and it (like) .. eating pork. However, it (never/ bite) .. anyone; sometimes it (bark) .. . when strange guests visit. To be honest, it (be) .. . very friendly. It (not/ like) ... eating fruits, but it (often/ play) ....... with them. When the weather (become) .. . bad, it (just/ sleep) .. . in his cage all day. Peter (play) .. . with Kiki everyday after school. There (be) ... many people on the road, so Peter (not/ let) .. . the dog run into the road. He (often/ take)..Kiki to a large field to enjoy the peace there. Kiki (sometimes/ be) .. . naughty, but Peter loves it very much. II. Dùng từ gợi ý , viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh ở thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn. 1. My mother __________________ (buy) some food at the grocery store. 2. Luke _________ (not study) Japanese in the library. He’s at home with his friends. 3. __________________ (she, run) down the street? 4. My cat __________________ (eat) now. 5. What __________________ (you, wait) for? 6. Her students ___________(not try) hard enough in the competition. 7. All of Andy’s friends __________ (have) fun at the party right now. 8. My neighbours __________________ (travel) around Europe now. 9. The little girl __________________ (drink) milk. 10. Listen! Our teacher __________________ (speak). III. Sắp xếp từ thành câu hoàn chỉnh 1. doing/ is/ mother /what /your? 2. An/ Hung /are/ what/ doing/ now /and? 3. that /Hanoi/ to/ going /businessman/ is 4. truck/is he/ driving/ his. 5. waiting/ is/ who/ he/ for? 6. driving/ to /Quang/ is/ Hue. 7. vegetable/ the /market /to/ taking/ is /he/ the. 8. Nha Trang/ the is /train/ to/ going. 9. the garden / the/ are/ children /playing/ in. 10. brushing/ teeth/ Mai/ her/ is. IV. Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn hoặc thì hiện tại tiếp diễn. 1. Thu (go) to school by bike everyday. 2. This house (have) a big garden. 3. What you (do) now? - I (unload) the vegetables. 4. She (live) in a small village. 5. I (play) soccer every afternoon and I (play) soccer now. 6. They (not play) video games at the moment. They (do) their Math homework. 7. His mother (work) in the hospital. 8. There(be) a park near my house. 9. The farmer (go) to his farm every morning. 10. There (be) many trees in the garden. 11. A: Where is Molly? B: She __________________ (feed) her cat downstairs. 12. __________________ (she/ need) to go and see a doctor? 13. She usually _______________ (wash) the dishes after dinner. 14. __________________ (your sister/ wear) sunglasses? 15. He frequently __________________ (do) yoga. 16. We __________________ (move) to Canada in August. 17. My son _______________ (not practice) the piano every day. 18. I __________________ (not like) to take selfies. 19. Megan ______________ (go) on holiday to Cornwall this summer. 20. When __________________ (the film/ start)? 21. I read in the news that they _______ (build) a new supermarket in town. 22. Why __________________ (she/ usually/ drive) so slowly? V. Put the verbs into Present Continuous Tense: 1. Look! He (run) 2. Please be quiet! My father (sleep) 3. He (buy) a new car now. 4. My sisters (listen).. to music at the moment. 5. They (work).now. 6. Sam (play)the piano right now. 7. She (not, clean).. the window. 8. Listen! They think the bell (ring).. 9. Nina and Sam (travel)now. 10. Tom (learn).English right now. VI. Thì hiện tại đơn và thì hiện tại tiếp diễn 1.Where ___________you(live)____________? -I (live)______________in Xuan Hoa town. 2.What _______________he (do) ______________now? -He (water)_________________flowers in his garden. 3.What _______________she (do)_____________? -She(be)______________a teacher. 4.____________you(be)in 4A? -No,I (not be)_______________________. 5.Where _________________you (be) from? 6.At the moment , my sisters (play)_________volleyball and my brother (play)_________soccer. 7.it is 9.00, my family(watch)____________tv. 8.In the summer, I usually (go)____________to park with my friends and in the spring , we (have ) ______Tet Holiday, I (be)________happy because I always (visit) ________my granparents. 9._____________your father (go)_____________to work by bus ? 10.How ___________your sister (go)___________to school? 11.What time _____________they (get up)_________________? 12.What ____________they (do)________________in the winter? 13.Today,we (have)______________English. 14.Her favourite subject (be)__________________English . 15.Now, my brother (eat)_________________a banana. 16.Look! Aman (call)_________________you. 17.Keep silent ! I (listen )____________________to radio . 18._______________you (play)_________________badminton now? 19.Everyday,my father (get up)_________at 5.00 a.m but today ,he (get up) __________at 6.00a.m 20.Every morning , I (watch)____________tv at 10.00 but today , I (Listen ) ________to music at 10.00. 21.Everyday , I(go) __________to school by bike but today I go to school by motorbike. 22.Every morning, my father (have) ________a cup of coffe but today he (drink)__________ milk. 23. At the moment, I(read)__________a book and my brother (watch)_______ TV. 24.Hoa (live)_______in Hanoi , Ha (live)____________in HCM City. 25.Hung and his friend (play)_______________badminton. 26.They usually (get up)___________________at 6.oo in the morning. 27.Ha never(go)_________fishing in the winter but she always (do)_____________.it in the summer. 28.My teacher (tell)__________________Hoa about Math. 29.There(be)____________________.animals in the circus. 30._______________he (watch)______________tv at 7.00 everymorninG? 32.What _____________she (do ) _________________at 7.00 A.m? 33.How old _________she(be)? 34.How ___________she (be)? 35.My children (Go)________________to school by bike. 36.We (go)_________ to supermarket to (buy)_______some food . 37.Mr.Hung (go)___________to Hanoi every month. 38.Ha (like)______________coffee, but I (not like)______________it. 39.She (like )_________Tea,but she (not like)__________coffee. 40.I (love)_______________ catbut I (not love)__________________dog. 41.Everyday ,I (go)____________to school on foot , but today I (go)___________to school by bike. 42.Who you _________________(wait) for,Vien? -I ____________________(wait)for Mr.Hung. 43.My sister (get)______________.dressed and (brush)_______________her teeth at 6.30 everyday. 44.Mrs.Huong (not live)___________in town .She (live)____________in a house in the country. 44. It’s 9 o’clock in the morning. Lien (be)________in her room. She (listen) __________to music. 45. We______________(play) soccer in the yard now. 46. My father (go)___________ to work by bike. Sometimes he(walk)______________. 47. _________You (live)________near a market? _ It (be)____________noisy? 48. Now I (do)________the cooking while Hoa (listen)_________to music. 49. At the moment, Nam and his friends (go)_________shopping at the mall. 50. In the autumn, I rarely (go)________sailing and (go)__________to school. 51. I (write)_______________ a letter to my friend no 52. At 12 a.m every day, I (have)_________lunch and (go)_________to bed 53. On Monday, I (have)__________ math and Art. 54. On Friday, I (have)______________English. 55. At the moment, I (eat)_________an orange, and My sisters (Play)_______ Tennis. 56. _______her bag (be)? - No, they(not be)______________. 57. What time _____________your children (go)____________ to school? 58. He (live)________________in HCM City. 59. What time___________your brother usually (get)___________up? 60. My house (be)_________in the city and it (be)_________small. 61. Every morning , we (have)__________breakfast at 7.00 am. 62. This (be)________a book and there (be)_________pens. 63. Mr. Quang (live)__________in the countryside. He (have)_________a big garden. 64. John (not have)______________Literature lesson on Friday. 65. What time _________you (start)___________your class? 66. ___________you (be) in class 12A3? 67. Mrs. Ha (learn)__________in Hanoi, but she (not live)_________ there. 68. My brother (not live )_________in London; he (live )________ in Manchester 69. Now Mr. Long (design ) ____________his dream house. 70. He (like)_______APPLES, but he (not like )___________bananas.
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