Đề kiểm tra chất lượng ôn thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Năm học 2018-2019 - Đề số 064

 SỞ GD&ĐT VĨNH PHÚC
TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN
(Đề thi gồm: 05 trang)
ĐỀ KTCL ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA NĂM 2017-2018
Môn: TIẾNG ANH – ĐỀ SỐ 364
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Họ và tên thí sinh:. SBD:
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 01: A. stomach	B. watch	C. change	D. church
Question 02: A. attacks	B. repeats	C. roofs	D. trays
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 03: A. desert	B. common	C. hotel	D. temple
Question 04: A. obedient	B. candidate	C. attendance	D. security
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 05: Today the most popular method of pasteurization, called ‘flash pasteurization’, involves several step, which include heating milk for 15 seconds and then immediately cooling it.
A. of 	B. step	C. which include 	D. and then 
Question 06: Those people say that it is such polluted air that they can’t breath, don’t they?
A. that 	B. such polluted air	C. can’t breath	D. don’t they
Question 07: It is noisy enough in this room, so I would rather you stop shouting like that.
A. noisy enough 	B. so 	C. would 	D. stop 
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 08. Alan________ loud rock music for three hours when her friends arrived.
	A. was listening	B. had been listening	C. has been listening	D. listened
Question 09. Pop music has become________ in our country in the last few decades. Most young people like it.
	A. favorable	B. interesting	C. popular	D. enjoyable
Question 10. Tuan painted his bedroom black. It looks dark and dreary. He________ a different color.
	A. had to choose	B. should have chosen C. must have chosen D. could have chosen
Question 11. Many students found it very difficult to keep________ all the recent developments in the subject.
	A. touch with	B. in touch with	C. touch of	D. in touch of
Question 12. Unlike most birds, __________,
	A. the heads and necks of vultures lack feathers
	B. vultures do not have feathers on their heads and necks
	C. feathers are not found on the heads and necks of vultures
	D. there are no feathers on vultures' heads and necks.
Question 13. In order to grow vegetable properly, gardeners must know________.
	A. what the requirements for each vegetable are
	B. That the requirements for each vegetable
	C. what are each vegetable’s requirements
	D. that is required by each vegetable
Question 14. The African killer bees could not be handled safely, nor________.
	A. their honey could be harvested	B. harvested could their honey be
	C. could not their honey be harvested	D. could their honey be harvested
Question 15. It is strongly recommended that the machines________ every year.
	A. be checked	B. check	C. to be checked	D. is checked
Question 16.	________ further rioting to occur, the government would be forced to use its emergency powers.
	A. Should	B. Did	C. Were	D. Had
Question 17. David is a captain of the school basketball team, ________ his father before him.
	A. similar to	B. just like	C. such as	D. as well as
Question 18. This house________ a non-profit organization.
	A. belongs in	B. belongs to	C. belongs for	D. belongs at
Question 19. My father is very talented and kind-hearted. I always________ him.
	A. look for	B. look like	C. look after	D. look up to
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 20. Wife: “The cupboard in our living room is broken." Husband: "__________"
	A. But it's big	B. We have to pay extra money.
	C. But it’s small.	D. We'll get it fixed
Question 21. Linda: "What a lovely house you have!" 	Janet: "__________"
	A. No problem!	B. Thank you. Hope you'll drop in.
	C. Of course not. It's not costly	D. I think so.
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 22. Childbearing is the women's most wonderful role.
	A. bringing up a child	B. giving birth to a baby
	C. having no child	D. educating a child
Question 23. The company lures workers with high salaries and good working conditions.
	A. organizes	B. fires	C. attracts	D. angers
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 24. Some vegetables are grown without soil and artificial light.
	A. real	B. natural	C. true	D. genuine
Question 25. Mutualism is a type of symbiosis that occurs when two unlike organisms live together in a state that is mutually beneficial.
	A. alike	B. likely	C. similar	D. dislike
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 26. He likes people to let him have his own way.
	A. He doesn't like it when people tell him what to do.
	B. He doesn't accept help from people he dislikes.
	C. He likes people to think all good ideas are his own.
	B. He often needs the help of other people in his work.
Question 27. What particularly impressed me was her excellent command of English.
	A. That I liked her excellent command of English was that it impressed me at first.
	B. I was particularly impressed by her excellent command of English.
	C. Her excellent command of English particularly impresses me.
	D. I pratically liked her excellent command of English.
Question 28. She should know better than to lend the money to him.
	A. She knew it would be better not to lend him the money.
	B. She oughtn't to lend him the money.
	C. She was just being helpful when she lent him the money.
	D. It would be kind of her to lend him the money.
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 29. My weakest student passed the exam with flying colours. This surprised everyone in the school.
A. My weakest student passed the exam with flying colours, but surprised everyone in the school.
B. My weakest student passed the exam with flying colours, which surprised everyone in the school.
C. Despite my weakest student passed the exam with flying colours, surprised everyone in the school.
D. My weakest student, who surprised everyone in the school, passed the exam with flying colours.
Question 30. The room is not large. The room is not comfortable.
	A. The room is neither large nor comfortable. B. The room is neither large or comfortable.
	C. The room is both large and comfortable. D. The room is not large but comfortable.
Ø Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
It is relatively easy for computers to speak. A computer that says 'please' and 'thank you' in the right places is (31)________ miracle of science ,but recognizing the words that make up normal, human speech is another (32)_________.
Not until now have computer been programmed to (33)________ to a range of spoken commands. Until recently it was thought that computers would have to be programmed to the accent and speech habits of each user, and only then would be able to respond (34)_________ to their master's or mistress's voice. Now rapid progress is being made (35)_________ systems programmed to adapt easily to each new speaker.
(From 'Heinle & Heinle TOEFL Test Assistant .Grammar' by Milada Broukal)
Question 31. A. no	B. not	C. nothing	D. none
Question 32. A. problem	B. topic	C. matter	D. theme
Question 33. A. talk	B. answer	C. communicate	D. react
Question 34. A. truly	B. completely	C. accurately	D. right
Question 35. A. with	B. for	C. within	D. as
Ø Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.
Any list of the greatest thinkers in history contains the name of the brilliant German physicist Albert Einstein. His theories of relativity led to entirely new ways of thinking about time, space, matter, energy, and gravity. Einstein's work led to such scientific advances as the control of atomic energy, even television as a practical application of Einstein's work. In 1902 Einstein became an examiner in the Swiss patent office at Bern. In 1905, at age 26, he published the first of five major research papers. The first one provided a theory explaining Brownian movement, the zig-zag motion of microscopic particles in suspension. The second paper laid the foundation for the photon, or quantum, theory of light. In it he proposed that light is composed of separate packets of energy, called quanta or photons, that have some of the properties of particles and some of the properties of waves. A third paper contained the "special theory of relativity" which showed that time and motion are relative to the observer, if the speed of light is constant and the natural laws are the same everywhere in the universe. The fourth paper was a mathematical addition to the special theory of relativity. Here Einstein presented his famous formula, E = m(cc), known as the energy mass equivalence. In 1916, Einstein published his general theory of relativity. In it he proposed that gravity is not a force, but a curve in the space-time continuum, created by the presence of mass. Einstein spoke out frequently against nationalism, the exalting of one nation above all others. He opposed war and violence and supported Zionism, the movement to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. When the Nazis came to power in 1933, they denounced his ideas. He then moved to the United States. In 1939 Einstein learned that two German chemists had split the uranium atom. Einstein wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt warning him that this scientific knowledge could lead to Germany developing an atomic bomb. He suggested the United States begin its own atomic bomb research.
Question 36. Einstein's primary work was in the area of _________.
	A. chemistry	B. biology	C. physics	D. engineering
Question 37. Which of the following inventions is mentioned in the passage as a practical application of Einstein's discoveries?
	A. Radio	B. Automobiles	C. Computers	D. Television
Question 38. According to the passage, Einstein supported all of the following except_________.
	A. the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine 	B. nationalism
	C. atomic bomb research in the United States.	D. the defeat of the Nazis.
Question 39. In which country was Einstein born?
	A. Switzerland	B. United States	C. Germany	D. Israel
Question 40. What is "Brownian movement"?
	A. The zig-zag motion of microscopic particles in suspension
	B. The emission of electrons from solids when struck by light
	C. The motion of photons in light
	D. The basis of the theory of relativity
Question 41. Einstein was a citizen of all of the following countries EXCEPT_________. 
	A. Belgium	B. Germany	C. Switzerland	D. United States
Question 42. It is clear from the tone of the passage that the author feels_________.	
	A. Einstein's work in physics was somewhat tarnished by his conservative political views.
	B. Albert Einstein was one of the most brilliant thinkers in history.
C. Einstein's work in physics, though theoretically impressive, led to few practical applications.
	D. Einstein's theories have been consistently proven incorrect.
Question 43. According to Einstein's special theory of relativity, _________.	
A. all properties of matter and energy can be explained in a single mathematical formula.
	B. light is composed of separate packets of energy.
	C. time and motion are relative to the observer.
	D. some solids emit electrons when struck by light.
Question 44. In line 15, the word "exalting” most nearly means_________.	
	A. elevation	B. criticism	C. support	D. elimination
Question 45. According to Einstein, light is composed of separate packets of energy called ________.
	A. electrons	B. photoelectrons	C. quanta	D. gamma rays
Ø Read the following passage and Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 46 to 50.
Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452, in the small Tuscan town of Vinci, near Florence. He was the son of a wealthy Florentine public official and a peasant woman. In the mid-1460s, the family settled in Florence, where Leonardo was given the best education that Florence could offer. He rapidly advanced socially and intellectually. He was handsome, persuasive in conversation, and a fine musician and improviser. About in 1466 he apprenticed as a studio boy to Andrea Del Verrocchio. In Verrocchio's workshop, Leonardo was introduced to many activities, from the painting of altarpieces and panel pictures to the creation of large sculptural projects. In 1472, he was entered in the painter's guild of Florence, and in 1476, he was still mentioned as Verrocchio's assistant. In Verrocchio's Baptism of Christ, the kneeling angel at the left of the painting is by Leonardo.
In 1478, Leonardo became an independent master. His first commission, to paint an altarpiece for the chapel of the Palazzo Vecchino, the Florentine town hall, was never executed. His first large painting, The Adoration of the Magi, left unfinished, was ordered in 1481 for the Monastery of San Donato a Scopeto, Florence. Other works ascribed to his youth are the so-called Benois Madonna, the portrait Ginerva de' Bend, and the unfinished Saint Jerome.
In 1482, Leonardo's career moved into high gear when he entered the service of the duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza, having written the duke an astonishing letter in which he stated that he could build portable bridges; that he knew the techniques of constructing bombardments and of making cannons; that he could build ships as well as armored vehicles, catapults, and other war machines; and that he could execute sculpture in marble, bronze, and clay. He served as a principal engineer in the duke’s numerous military enterprises and was so active also as an architect. In addition, he assisted the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli in the celebrated work Divina Proportione.
Question 46. What is NOT mentioned about the young Leonardo da Vinci?
	A. He was physically attractive.	B. He was a talented speaker
	C. He was well-connected	D. He was gifted in many fields of art.
Question 47. The word “apprenticed" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_________.	
	A. cleaned	B. painted	C. studied	D. mastered
Question 48. What can be inferred about Andrea Del Verrocchio?
	A. He was a writer	B. He was well-known	
	C. He was poor	D. He had many students
Question 49. How old was Leonardo da Vinci when he became an independent master?
	A. 23	B. 25	C.26	D. 28
Question 50. The pronoun “he” in paragraph 3 refers to_________.	
	A. Leonardo da Vinci	B. The duke	C. Sforza	D. Milan
_________THE END_________
 SỞ GD&ĐT VĨNH PHÚC
TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN
(Đề thi gồm: 05 trang)
ĐỀ KTCL ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA NĂM 2017-2018
Môn: TIẾNG ANH – ĐỀ SỐ 364
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Họ và tên thí sinh:. SBD:
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 01: A. stomach	B. watch	C. change	D. church
Question 02: A. attacks	B. repeats	C. roofs	D. trays
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 03: A. desert	B. common	C. hotel	D. temple
Question 04: A. obedient	B. candidate	C. attendance	D. security
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 05: Today the most popular method of pasteurization, called ‘flash pasteurization’, involves several step, which include heating milk for 15 seconds and then immediately cooling it.
A. of 	B. step	C. which include 	D. and then 
Question 06: Those people say that it is such polluted air that they can’t breath, don’t they?
A. that 	B. such polluted air	C. can’t breath	D. don’t they
Question 07: It is noisy enough in this room, so I would rather you stop shouting like that.
A. noisy enough 	B. so 	C. would 	D. stop 
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 08. Alan________ loud rock music for three hours when her friends arrived.
	A. was listening	B. had been listening	C. has been listening	D. listened
Question 09. Pop music has become________ in our country in the last few decades. Most young people like it.
	A. favorable	B. interesting	C. popular	D. enjoyable
Question 10. Tuan painted his bedroom black. It looks dark and dreary. He________ a different color.
	A. had to choose	B. should have chosen C. must have chosen D. could have chosen
Question 11. Many students found it very difficult to keep________ all the recent developments in the subject.
	A. touch with	B. in touch with	C. touch of	D. in touch of
Question 12. Unlike most birds, __________,
	A. the heads and necks of vultures lack feathers
	B. vultures do not have feathers on their heads and necks
	C. feathers are not found on the heads and necks of vultures
	D. there are no feathers on vultures' heads and necks.
Question 13. In order to grow vegetable properly, gardeners must know________.
	A. what the requirements for each vegetable are
	B. That the requirements for each vegetable
	C. what are each vegetable’s requirements
	D. that is required by each vegetable
Question 14. The African killer bees could not be handled safely, nor________.
	A. their honey could be harvested	B. harvested could their honey be
	C. could not their honey be harvested	D. could their honey be harvested
Question 15. It is strongly recommended that the machines________ every year.
	A. be checked	B. check	C. to be checked	D. is checked
Question 16.	________ further rioting to occur, the government would be forced to use its emergency powers.
	A. Should	B. Did	C. Were	D. Had
Question 17. David is a captain of the school basketball team, ________ his father before him.
	A. similar to	B. just like	C. such as	D. as well as
Question 18. This house________ a non-profit organization.
	A. belongs in	B. belongs to	C. belongs for	D. belongs at
Question 19. My father is very talented and kind-hearted. I always________ him.
	A. look for	B. look like	C. look after	D. look up to
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 20. Wife: “The cupboard in our living room is broken." Husband: "__________"
	A. But it's big	B. We have to pay extra money.
	C. But it’s small.	D. We'll get it fixed
Question 21. Linda: "What a lovely house you have!" 	Janet: "__________"
	A. No problem!	B. Thank you. Hope you'll drop in.
	C. Of course not. It's not costly	D. I think so.
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 22. Childbearing is the women's most wonderful role.
	A. bringing up a child	B. giving birth to a baby
	C. having no child	D. educating a child
Question 23. The company lures workers with high salaries and good working conditions.
	A. organizes	B. fires	C. attracts	D. angers
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 24. Some vegetables are grown without soil and artificial light.
	A. real	B. natural	C. true	D. genuine
Question 25. Mutualism is a type of symbiosis that occurs when two unlike organisms live together in a state that is mutually beneficial.
	A. alike	B. likely	C. similar	D. dislike
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 26. He likes people to let him have his own way.
	A. He doesn't like it when people tell him what to do.
	B. He doesn't accept help from people he dislikes.
	C. He likes people to think all good ideas are his own.
	B. He often needs the help of other people in his work.
Question 27. What particularly impressed me was her excellent command of English.
	A. That I liked her excellent command of English was that it impressed me at first.
	B. I was particularly impressed by her excellent command of English.
	C. Her excellent command of English particularly impresses me.
	D. I pratically liked her excellent command of English.
Question 28. She should know better than to lend the money to him.
	A. She knew it would be better not to lend him the money.
	B. She oughtn't to lend him the money.
	C. She was just being helpful when she lent him the money.
	D. It would be kind of her to lend him the money.
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 29. My weakest student passed the exam with flying colours. This surprised everyone in the school.
A. My weakest student passed the exam with flying colours, but surprised everyone in the school.
B. My weakest student passed the exam with flying colours, which surprised everyone in the school.
C. Despite my weakest student passed the exam with flying colours, surprised everyone in the school.
D. My weakest student, who surprised everyone in the school, passed the exam with flying colours.
Question 30. The room is not large. The room is not comfortable.
	A. The room is neither large nor comfortable. B. The room is neither large or comfortable.
	C. The room is both large and comfortable. D. The room is not large but comfortable.
Ø Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
It is relatively easy for computers to speak. A computer that says 'please' and 'thank you' in the right places is (31)________ miracle of science ,but recognizing the words that make up normal, human speech is another (32)_________.
Not until now have computer been programmed to (33)________ to a range of spoken commands. Until recently it was thought that computers would have to be programmed to the accent and speech habits of each user, and only then would be able to respond (34)_________ to their master's or mistress's voice. Now rapid progress is being made (35)_________ systems programmed to adapt easily to each new speaker.
(From 'Heinle & Heinle TOEFL Test Assistant .Grammar' by Milada Broukal)
Question 31. A. no	B. not	C. nothing	D. none
Question 32. A. problem	B. topic	C. matter	D. theme
Question 33. A. talk	B. answer	C. communicate	D. react
Question 34. A. truly	B. completely	C. accurately	D. right
Question 35. A. with	B. for	C. within	D. as
Ø Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.
Any list of the greatest thinkers in history contains the name of the brilliant German physicist Albert Einstein. His theories of relativity led to entirely new ways of thinking about time, space, matter, energy, and gravity. Einstein's work led to such scientific advances as the control of atomic energy, even television as a practical application of Einstein's work. In 1902 Einstein became an examiner in the Swiss patent office at Bern. In 1905, at age 26, he published the first of five major research papers. The first one provided a theory explaining Brownian movement, the zig-zag motion of microscopic particles in suspension. The second paper laid the foundation for the photon, or quantum, theory of light. In it he proposed that light is composed of separate packets of energy, called quanta or photons, that have some of the properties of particles and some of the properties of waves. A third paper contained the "special theory of relativity" which showed that time and motion are relative to the observer, if the speed of light is constant and the natural laws are the same everywhere in the universe. The fourth paper was a mathematical addition to the special theory of relativity. Here Einstein presented his famous formula, E = m(cc), known as the energy mass equivalence. In 1916, Einstein published his general theory of relativity. In it he proposed that gravity is not a force, but a curve in the space-time continuum, created by the presence of mass. Einstein spoke out frequently against nationalism, the exalting of one nation above all others. He opposed war and violence and supported Zionism, the movement to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. When the Nazis came to power in 1933, they denounced his ideas. He then moved to the United States. In 1939 Einstein learned that two German chemists had split the uranium atom. Einstein wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt warning him that this scientific knowledge could lead to Germany developing an atomic bomb. He suggested the United States begin its own atomic bomb research.
Question 36. Einstein's primary work was in the area of _________.
	A. chemistry	B. biology	C. physics	D. engineering
Question 37. Which of the following inventions is mentioned in the passage as a practical application of Einstein's discoveries?
	A. Radio	B. Automobiles	C. Computers	D. Television
Question 38. According to the passage, Einstein supported all of the following except_________.
	A. the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine 	B. nationalism
	C. atomic bomb research in the United States.	D. the defeat of the Nazis.
Question 39. In which country was Einstein born?
	A. Switzerland	B. United States	C. Germany	D. Israel
Question 40. What is "Brownian movement"?
	A. The zig-zag motion of microscopic particles in suspension
	B. The emission of electrons from solids when struck by light
	C. The motion of photons in light
	D. The basis of the theory of relativity
Question 41. Einstein was a citizen of all of the following countries EXCEPT_________. 
	A. Belgium	B. Germany	C. Switzerland	D. United States
Question 42. It is clear from the tone of the passage that the author feels_________.	
	A. Einstein's work in physics was somewhat tarnished by his conservative political views.
	B. Albert Einstein was one of the most brilliant thinkers in history.
C. Einstein's work in physics, though theoretically impressive, led to few practical applications.
	D. Einstein's theories have been consistently proven incorrect.
Question 43. According to Einstein's special theory of relativity, _________.	
A. all properties of matter and energy can be explained in a single mathematical formula.
	B. light is composed of separate packets of energy.
	C. time and motion are relative to the observer.
	D. some solids emit electrons when struck by light.
Question 44. In line 15, the word "exalting” most nearly means_________.	
	A. elevation	B. criticism	C. support	D. elimination
Question 45. According to Einstein, light is composed of separate packets of energy called ________.
	A. electrons	B. photoelectrons	C. quanta	D. gamma rays
Ø Read the following passage and Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 46 to 50.
Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452, in the small Tuscan town of Vinci, near Florence. He was the son of a wealthy Florentine public official and a peasant woman. In the mid-1460s, the family settled in Florence, where Leonardo was given the best education that Florence could offer. He rapidly advanced socially and intellectually. He was handsome, persuasive in conversation, and a fine musician and improviser. About in 1466 he apprenticed as a studio boy to Andrea Del Verrocchio. In Verrocchio's workshop, Leonardo was introduced to many activities, from the painting of altarpieces and panel pictures to the creation of large sculptural projects. In 1472, he was entered in the painter's guild of Florence, and in 1476, he was still mentioned as Verrocchio's assistant. In Verrocchio's Baptism of Christ, the kneeling angel at the left of the painting is by Leonardo.
In 1478, Leonardo became an independent master. His first commission, to paint an altarpiece for the chapel of the Palazzo Vecchino, the Florentine town hall, was never executed. His first large painting, The Adoration of the Magi, left unfinished, was ordered in 1481 for the Monastery of San Donato a Scopeto, Florence. Other works ascribed to his youth are the so-called Benois Madonna, the portrait Ginerva de' Bend, and the unfinished Saint Jerome.
In 1482, Leonardo's career moved into high gear when he entered the service of the duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza, having written the duke an astonishing letter in which he stated that he could build portable bridges; that he knew the techniques of constructing bombardments and of making cannons; that he could build ships as well as armored vehicles, catapults, and other war machines; and that he could execute sculpture in marble, bron