Đề kiểm tra chất lượng ôn thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Năm học 2018-2019 - Đề số 058

 SỞ GD&ĐT VĨNH PHÚC
TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN
(Đề thi gồm: 05 trang)
ĐỀ KTCL ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA NĂM 2017-2018
Môn: TIẾNG ANH – ĐỀ SỐ 358
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Họ và tên thí sinh:. SBD:
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 01. A. find	B. bite	C. since	D. drive
Question 02. A. contain	B. feature	C. picture	D. culture
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 03. A. blackboard	B. listen	C. between	D. student
Question 04. A. company	B. atmosphere	C. customer	D. employment
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 05. Your trip to Da Lat sounds absolutely fascinated. I’d love to go there.
A. to 	B. sounds 	C. fascinated	D. there
Question 06. There are very large rooms with beautiful decorated walls in her new house.
A. very large 	B. with 	C. beautiful 	D. decorated walls 
Question 07. John has learnt English for five years ago.
A. John 	B. has learnt 	C. English 	D. ago
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 08. When Carol called last night, I________ my favorite show on television.
	A. watched	B. am watching	C. was watching	D. have watched
Question 09. The more you practise your English, _______.
	A. you will learn faster	B. the faster you will learn
	C. faster you will learn	D. the faster will you learn
Question 10. Let's go out for dinner, ________?
	A. don't we	B. shall we	C. will you	D. won't you
Question 11. ________ the light rain, the baseball game will not be cancelled unless the other team concedes.
	A. Despite	B. However	C. In spite	D. Although
Question 12. It's so long since I saw him that I almost failed to________ him.
	A. receive	B. accept	C. recognise	D. approve
Question 13. It gets________ to understand what the professor has explained.
	A. the more difficult	B. more difficult than
	C. difficult more and more	D. more and more difficult
Question 14. Remember to appreciate what your friends do for you. You shouldn't take them________.
	A. as a rule	B. as usual	C. out of habit	D. for granted
Question 15. The twins look so much alike that almost no one can________ them	
	A. take/apart	B. tell/away	C. tell/apart	D. take/on
Question 16. The players' protests________ no difference to the referee's decision at all
	A. did	B. made	C. caused	D. created
Question 17. Books are a wonderful________ of knowledge and pleasure.
	A. way	B. information	C. source	D. type
Question 18. Western women are more________ than Asian women
	A. depend	B. independent	C. independently	D. dependent
Question 19. Unfortunately, the company closed down because it couldn't keep________ with rapidly changing technology
	A. speed	B. time	C. fast	D. pace
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 20. David: "You've got a beautiful dress!'' - Helen: "__________."
	A. Never mind	B. You, too
	C. Thanks for your compliment	D. Don't mention it
Question 21. - Maria: "I'm taking my end term examination tomorrow". - Sarah: "__________."
	A. Good luck!	B. Good day!	C. Good time!	D. Good chance!
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 22. The famous racehorse Secretariat had to be destroyed because of a painful, incurable hoof disease.
	A. irreparable	B. vexatious	C. dangerous	D. disabling
Question 23. In most countries, compulsory military service does not apply to women.
	A. superior	B. mandatory	C. beneficial	D. constructive
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 24. The relationship between structure, process and outcome is very unclear.
	A. disappear	B. external	C. apparent	D. uncertain
Question 25. The situation in the country has remained relatively stable for a few months now.
	A. constant	B. changeable	C. objective	D. ignorant
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 26. You should have persuaded him to change his mind.
	A. You should persuade him to change his mind.
	B. You didn't persuade him to change because of his mind.
	C. It was essential to persuade him to change his mind but you didn't.
	D. You persuaded him to change his mind but he didn't listen
Question 27. We planned to walk round the lake but the heavy rain made this impossible.
	A. The heavy rain nearly prevented us from walking right round the lake.
	B. In spite of the heavy rain we managed to walk half way round the lake as planned.
	C. If it hadn't rained so heavily we would have walked right round the lake.
	D. We would have walked round the lake even if it had rained heavily.
Question 28. I can't remember when I last saw him, but it's certainly a long time ago.
	A. I'd like to forget how many years have passed since I last saw him.
	B. We've only met once and that was too long ago for me to remember him.
	C. I shall never forget meeting him even though it's a long time ago.
	D. I only know it is ages since I saw him and 1 can't remember when it was.
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 29. I’d suggest that we avoid telling any scary stories with Janet around. She’s a bit unstable and could get hysterical.
A. Janet has trouble keeping her emotions under control, especially when she is told frightening stories.
B. Since Janet is somewhat unbalanced, the only way to make her laugh is by telling stories, but we should avoid scary ones as they might cause her to panic.
C. It is no fun to tell frightening stories to Janet, Who is not very stable mentally, because she only laughs instead of getting scared.
D. Janet is somewhat mentally unbalanced and might easily become uncontrollably emotional, so let's not tell frightening stories in her presence.
Question 30. We chose to find a place for the night. We found the bad weather very inconvenient.
	A. Bad weather was approaching, so we started to look for a place to stay.
	B. The bad weather prevented us from driving any further.
	C. Seeing that the bad weather had set in, we decided to find somewhere to spend the night.
	D. Because the climate was so severe, we were worried about what we'd do at night.
Ø Read the following passage and Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
The UK Government ensures that all schools in the UK (31)___________ certain standards, and this includes independent schools as well as those that are (32)___________ by the Government. All qualifications	are awarded by national agencies accredited by the Qualification and Curriculum Authority (QCA), (33)___________ the quality of the qualifications you will gain is guaranteed.
At many independent schools in England, you will be encouraged to take part (34)___________ extracurricular activities to develop your hobbies and learn new skills, and you may be encouraged	to take graded music exams (35)___________ by the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music. The exam grades gained from these are widely accepted toward university entry requirements.
Question 31.	A. meet	B. notice	C. see	D. look
Question 32.	A. worked	B. indicated	C. run	D. shown
Question 33.	A. although	B. so	C. if	D. because
Question 34.	A. for	B. in	C. on	D. into
Question 35.	A. offered	B. to offer	C. offering	D. offer
Ø Read the following passage and Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.
Most Americans still get married at some point in their lives, but even that group is shrinking. Among current generations of adult American - starting with those born in 1920s - more than 90 percent have married or will marry at some point in their lives. However, based on recent patterns of marriage and mortality, demographers calculate that a growing share of the younger generations are postponing marriage for so long that an unprecedented number will never marry at all.
More Americans are living together outside of marriage. Divorced and widowed people are waiting longer to remarry. An increasing number of single women are raising children. Put these trends together with our increasing life expectancy, and the result is inevitable. Americans are spending a record low proportion of their adult lives married.
Married rates for unmarried men and women have dropped from their post-195Os high to record lows. Part of this fall is due to the change in the age at which people first marry. The median age at first marriage is the age by which half the men or women who will ever marry have done so. It fell almost continuously from the time it was first measured, in 1890, at 22.0 years for women and 26.1 for men, to a low of 20.3 for women and 22.6 for men between 1947 and 1962. Since then, it has risen at a rapid pace, to a record high for 23.8 for women and 26.2 for men in 1994.
The length of time between marriages is also increasing, and more divorced people are choosing not to remarry. In 1990, divorced men had waited an average of 3.8 years before remarrying, and divorced women had waited an average of 3.5 years, an increase of more than one year over the average interval in 1970.
Data on cohabitation and unmarried childbearing suggest that marriage is becoming less relevant to Americans. 2.8 million of the nation's households are unmarried couples, and one-third of them are caring for children, according to the Census Bureau.
Question 36. The passage supports all of the following statements EXCEPT_________. 
	A. Americans are spending fewer years married than they did in the past.
	B. Most Americans get married at least once.
	C. Americans are having fewer children than they did in the past
	B. Divorced Americans are waiting longer to marry.
Question 37. The word “those" in paragraph 1 refers to_________. 
	A. married Americans B. younger generations 	C. adult Americans	D. American men
Question 38. The word "unprecedented" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_________. 
	A. unbelievable	B. impossible to count	C. never before seen	D. decreasing
Question 39. According to the passage, recent demographic patterns suggest that	
	A. 90 percent of younger generations will marry.
	B. young people prefer to marry in order to have children,
	C. most young people delay marriage for personal reasons.
	D. an increasing number of young people will never marry.
Question 40. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to paragraph 2?
	A. Americans are spending less years in their adult lives married.
	B. More Americans are living together without marrying.
C. It takes divorced and widowed people less years before they get married again than in the past.
	D. There are more and more single mothers in America.
Question 41. Between 1890 and the 1950s, the age at which men first married_________. 	
	A. decreased by more than 3 years.	B. increased by almost 2 years,
	C. remained about the same.	D. decreased by less than 2 years.
Question 42. In paragraph 3, the author shows that the median age at first marriage_________. 
	A. reached a record high for women in the early 1960s.
	B. fell continuously between 1947 and 1962.
	C. rose then fell between 1890 and 1962.
	D. rose between the 1960s and 1990s.
Question 43. The word "rapid" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by_________. 
	A. predictable	B. fast	C. increasing	D. unbelievable
Question 44. Which of the following is TRUE about divorced people in America?
	A. More divorced people want to remarry.
	B. Divorced people waited longer to remarry in the past than today.
	C. Divorced women had waited longer before remarrying than divorced men.
	D. Less divorced people want to remarry.
Question 45. The word "them" in the last paragraph refers to________.
	A. Americans	B. unmarried couples	C. divorced women	D. single women
Ø Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 46 to 50.
In the mid - nineteenth century, the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry. Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready to be worked into wealth. Iron, coal, and oil - the basic ingredients of industrial growth - were plentiful and needed only the application of technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor.
One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads. The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spider's web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution. The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal.
Many factors influenced emerging modes of production. For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century - always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs. The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and the distributors. The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery. American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of Europe.
The labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in part from American farm areas where people were being displaced by farm machinery, in part from Asia, and in part from Europe. Europe now began to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe - most of whom were originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial cities. The money to finance this tremendous expansion of the American economy still came from European financiers for the most part, but the American were approaching the day when their expansion could be financed in their own "money market".
Question 46. What does the passage mainly discuss?
	A. The history of railroads in the United States
	B. The major United States industrial centers
	C. Factors that affected industrialization in the United States
	D. The role of agriculture in the nineteenth century
Question 47. The word "themselves" in the paragraph 2 refers to_________. 
	A. sources	B. centers	C. railroads	D. places
Question 48. According to the passage, all of the following were true of railroads in the United States in the nineteenth century EXCEPT that
	A. they connected important industrial cities
	B. they were necessary to the industrialization process
	C. they were expanded in a short time
	D. they used relatively small quantities of natural resources
Question 49. Which of the following in NOT true of United States farmers in the nineteenth century?
A. They lost some jobs because of mechanization
B. They were unable to produce sufficient food for urban areas
C. They raised their productivity by using new machinery
D. They sold food to European countries
Question 50. The word "ran" in the paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to_________. 
	A. operated	B. hurried	C. constructed	D. owned
_________THE END_________
 SỞ GD&ĐT VĨNH PHÚC
TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN
(Đề thi gồm: 05 trang)
ĐỀ KTCL ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA NĂM 2017-2018
Môn: TIẾNG ANH – ĐỀ SỐ 358
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Họ và tên thí sinh:. SBD:
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 01. A. find	B. bite	C. since	D. drive
Question 02. A. contain	B. feature	C. picture	D. culture
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 03. A. blackboard	B. listen	C. between	D. student
Question 04. A. company	B. atmosphere	C. customer	D. employment
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 05. Your trip to Da Lat sounds absolutely fascinated. I’d love to go there.
A. to 	B. sounds 	C. fascinated	D. there
Question 06. There are very large rooms with beautiful decorated walls in her new house.
A. very large 	B. with 	C. beautiful 	D. decorated walls 
Question 07. John has learnt English for five years ago.
A. John 	B. has learnt 	C. English 	D. ago
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 08. When Carol called last night, I________ my favorite show on television.
	A. watched	B. am watching	C. was watching	D. have watched
Question 09. The more you practise your English, _______.
	A. you will learn faster	B. the faster you will learn
	C. faster you will learn	D. the faster will you learn
Question 10. Let's go out for dinner, ________?
	A. don't we	B. shall we	C. will you	D. won't you
Question 11. ________ the light rain, the baseball game will not be cancelled unless the other team concedes.
	A. Despite	B. However	C. In spite	D. Although
Question 12. It's so long since I saw him that I almost failed to________ him.
	A. receive	B. accept	C. recognise	D. approve
Question 13. It gets________ to understand what the professor has explained.
	A. the more difficult	B. more difficult than
	C. difficult more and more	D. more and more difficult
Question 14. Remember to appreciate what your friends do for you. You shouldn't take them________.
	A. as a rule	B. as usual	C. out of habit	D. for granted
Question 15. The twins look so much alike that almost no one can________ them	
	A. take/apart	B. tell/away	C. tell/apart	D. take/on
Question 16. The players' protests________ no difference to the referee's decision at all
	A. did	B. made	C. caused	D. created
Question 17. Books are a wonderful________ of knowledge and pleasure.
	A. way	B. information	C. source	D. type
Question 18. Western women are more________ than Asian women
	A. depend	B. independent	C. independently	D. dependent
Question 19. Unfortunately, the company closed down because it couldn't keep________ with rapidly changing technology
	A. speed	B. time	C. fast	D. pace
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 20. David: "You've got a beautiful dress!'' - Helen: "__________."
	A. Never mind	B. You, too
	C. Thanks for your compliment	D. Don't mention it
Question 21. - Maria: "I'm taking my end term examination tomorrow". - Sarah: "__________."
	A. Good luck!	B. Good day!	C. Good time!	D. Good chance!
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 22. The famous racehorse Secretariat had to be destroyed because of a painful, incurable hoof disease.
	A. irreparable	B. vexatious	C. dangerous	D. disabling
Question 23. In most countries, compulsory military service does not apply to women.
	A. superior	B. mandatory	C. beneficial	D. constructive
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 24. The relationship between structure, process and outcome is very unclear.
	A. disappear	B. external	C. apparent	D. uncertain
Question 25. The situation in the country has remained relatively stable for a few months now.
	A. constant	B. changeable	C. objective	D. ignorant
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 26. You should have persuaded him to change his mind.
	A. You should persuade him to change his mind.
	B. You didn't persuade him to change because of his mind.
	C. It was essential to persuade him to change his mind but you didn't.
	D. You persuaded him to change his mind but he didn't listen
Question 27. We planned to walk round the lake but the heavy rain made this impossible.
	A. The heavy rain nearly prevented us from walking right round the lake.
	B. In spite of the heavy rain we managed to walk half way round the lake as planned.
	C. If it hadn't rained so heavily we would have walked right round the lake.
	D. We would have walked round the lake even if it had rained heavily.
Question 28. I can't remember when I last saw him, but it's certainly a long time ago.
	A. I'd like to forget how many years have passed since I last saw him.
	B. We've only met once and that was too long ago for me to remember him.
	C. I shall never forget meeting him even though it's a long time ago.
	D. I only know it is ages since I saw him and 1 can't remember when it was.
Ø Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 29. I’d suggest that we avoid telling any scary stories with Janet around. She’s a bit unstable and could get hysterical.
A. Janet has trouble keeping her emotions under control, especially when she is told frightening stories.
B. Since Janet is somewhat unbalanced, the only way to make her laugh is by telling stories, but we should avoid scary ones as they might cause her to panic.
C. It is no fun to tell frightening stories to Janet, Who is not very stable mentally, because she only laughs instead of getting scared.
D. Janet is somewhat mentally unbalanced and might easily become uncontrollably emotional, so let's not tell frightening stories in her presence.
Question 30. We chose to find a place for the night. We found the bad weather very inconvenient.
	A. Bad weather was approaching, so we started to look for a place to stay.
	B. The bad weather prevented us from driving any further.
	C. Seeing that the bad weather had set in, we decided to find somewhere to spend the night.
	D. Because the climate was so severe, we were worried about what we'd do at night.
Ø Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
The UK Government ensures that all schools in the UK (31)___________ certain standards, and this includes independent schools as well as those that are (32)___________ by the Government. All qualifications	are awarded by national agencies accredited by the Qualification and Curriculum Authority (QCA), (33)___________ the quality of the qualifications you will gain is guaranteed.
At many independent schools in England, you will be encouraged to take part (34)___________ extracurricular activities to develop your hobbies and learn new skills, and you may be encouraged	to take graded music exams (35)___________ by the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music. The exam grades gained from these are widely accepted toward university entry requirements.
Question 31.	A. meet	B. notice	C. see	D. look
Question 32.	A. worked	B. indicated	C. run	D. shown
Question 33.	A. although	B. so	C. if	D. because
Question 34.	A. for	B. in	C. on	D. into
Question 35.	A. offered	B. to offer	C. offering	D. offer
Ø Read the following passage and Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.
Most Americans still get married at some point in their lives, but even that group is shrinking. Among current generations of adult American - starting with those born in 1920s - more than 90 percent have married or will marry at some point in their lives. However, based on recent patterns of marriage and mortality, demographers calculate that a growing share of the younger generations are postponing marriage for so long that an unprecedented number will never marry at all.
More Americans are living together outside of marriage. Divorced and widowed people are waiting longer to remarry. An increasing number of single women are raising children. Put these trends together with our increasing life expectancy, and the result is inevitable. Americans are spending a record low proportion of their adult lives married.
Married rates for unmarried men and women have dropped from their post-195Os high to record lows. Part of this fall is due to the change in the age at which people first marry. The median age at first marriage is the age by which half the men or women who will ever marry have done so. It fell almost continuously from the time it was first measured, in 1890, at 22.0 years for women and 26.1 for men, to a low of 20.3 for women and 22.6 for men between 1947 and 1962. Since then, it has risen at a rapid pace, to a record high for 23.8 for women and 26.2 for men in 1994.
The length of time between marriages is also increasing, and more divorced people are choosing not to remarry. In 1990, divorced men had waited an average of 3.8 years before remarrying, and divorced women had waited an average of 3.5 years, an increase of more than one year over the average interval in 1970.
Data on cohabitation and unmarried childbearing suggest that marriage is becoming less relevant to Americans. 2.8 million of the nation's households are unmarried couples, and one-third of them are caring for children, according to the Census Bureau.
Question 36. The passage supports all of the following statements EXCEPT_________. 
	A. Americans are spending fewer years married than they did in the past.
	B. Most Americans get married at least once.
	C. Americans are having fewer children than they did in the past
	B. Divorced Americans are waiting longer to marry.
Question 37. The word “those" in paragraph 1 refers to_________. 
	A. married Americans B. younger generations 	C. adult Americans	D. American men
Question 38. The word "unprecedented" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_________. 
	A. unbelievable	B. impossible to count	C. never before seen	D. decreasing
Question 39. According to the passage, recent demographic patterns suggest that	
	A. 90 percent of younger generations will marry.
	B. young people prefer to marry in order to have children,
	C. most young people delay marriage for personal reasons.
	D. an increasing number of young people will never marry.
Question 40. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to paragraph 2?
	A. Americans are spending less years in their adult lives married.
	B. More Americans are living together without marrying.
C. It takes divorced and widowed people less years before they get married again than in the past.
	D. There are more and more single mothers in America.
Question 41. Between 1890 and the 1950s, the age at which men first married_________. 	
	A. decreased by more than 3 years.	B. increased by almost 2 years,
	C. remained about the same.	D. decreased by less than 2 years.
Question 42. In paragraph 3, the author shows that the median age at first marriage_________. 
	A. reached a record high for women in the early 1960s.
	B. fell continuously between 1947 and 1962.
	C. rose then fell between 1890 and 1962.
	D. rose between the 1960s and 1990s.
Question 43. The word "rapid" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by_________. 
	A. predictable	B. fast	C. increasing	D. unbelievable
Question 44. Which of the following is TRUE about divorced people in America?
	A. More divorced people want to remarry.
	B. Divorced people waited longer to remarry in the past than today.
	C. Divorced women had waited longer before remarrying than divorced men.
	D. Less divorced people want to remarry.
Question 45. The word "them" in the last paragraph refers to________.
	A. Americans	B. unmarried couples	C. divorced women	D. single women
Ø Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 46 to 50.
In the mid - nineteenth century, the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry. Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready to be worked into wealth. Iron, coal, and oil - the basic ingredients of industrial growth - were plentiful and needed only the application of technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor.
One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads. The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spider's web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materi