Đề kiểm tra chất lượng ôn thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Năm học 2017-2018 - Đề số 334

 SỞ GD&ĐT VĨNH PHÚC
TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN
(Đề thi gồm: 05 trang)
ĐỀ KTCL ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA NĂM 2017-2018
Môn: TIẾNG ANH – ĐỀ SỐ 334
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Họ và tên thí sinh:. SBD:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 01. A. crashed	B. waived	C. gained	D. seemed
Question 02. A. keep	B. know	C. knife	D. knee
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 03. A. purpose	B. propose	C. improve	D. escape
Question 04. A. challenging	B. relation	C. arrangement	D. preparing
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 05. Overpopulation is a short way to lead to poor, illiteracy, and social evils.
A. poor	B. Overpopulation	C. a short way	D. illiteracy 
Question 06. In its early days, films were just a little much more than moving photographs.
A. its	B. just a little	C. much more than	D. moving
Question 07. After the social science lecture, all students were invited to take part in a discussion on the issues which raised in the talk.
A. raised	B. social science lecture	C. to take part	D. on the issues 
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 08. Jane is very modest, always________ her success.
A. playing down	B. turning around	C. keeping down	D. pushing back
Question 09. Although________ solar energy is cheaper than________ oil, both of them have advantages as well as disadvantages.
A. Ø/ Ø	B. a/ Ø	C. Ø/ an	D. the/ an
Question 10. An eccentric is by definition someone whose behavior is________, someone who refuses to conform to the accepted norms of his society.
A. abnormal	B. abnormally	C. abnormality	D. abnormalities
Question 11. My music teacher suggested________ for an hour before breakfast.
A. practising	B. to practise	C. practise	D. to practising
Question 12. Each of the four types of human teeth________ suited for a specific purpose.
A. is	B. are	C. have been	D. was
Question 13. 	Tom: “Have you decided when you’ll leave?”	
	John: “Not exactly, but I think the sooner, ________”.
A. the better	B. is better	C. is the better	D. the best
Question 14. Can I________ your brain for a moment? I can’t do this crossword by myself.
A. pick	B. use	C. have	 D. mind
Question 15. Life is a diary________ each line contains a story of experience.
A. in which	B. who	C. which	D. that
Question 16. The authorities recommend that the meeting________ next Wednesday.
A. be held	B. is held	C. will be held	D. held 
Question 17. Nobody says a word about the incident, ________?
A. do they	B. don’t they 	C. does he	D. doesn’t he
Question 18. Out________ for a walk after she finished doing her homework.
A. went Mary	B. did Mary go	C. Mary went	D. Mary did go
Question 19. By the end of next month we________ this assignment.
A. will have finished	B. will finish	C. will be finishing	D. have finished
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 20. 	– Customer: “Can I have a look at that pullover, please?	”	
– Salesgirl: “______________”
A. Which one? This one?	B. It’s much cheaper.	
C. Sorry, it’s out of stock.	D. Can I help you?
Question 21. 	– Mike: “Good morning. Could I speak to Mr. Brown, please?”	
– Carter: “_______________”
A. He’s in a meeting. Can I take a message?	
B. Propably by Monday next week.
C. I’ll have to ask the person you want to ring first.	
D. Certainly. Would two o’clock be OK?
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 22. I see John boasting again. I’ve heard him telling everyone he’s the best tennis player in the County.
A. blowing his own trumpet	B. holding his tongue	
C. speaking too much	D. pulling my leg 
Question 23. In order to enjoy fine wine, one should drink it slowly, a little at a time.
A. sip it 	B. smell it	C. spill it	D. stir it
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 24. Perhaps the customer has overlooked his monthly statement and not paid the bill.
A. perused	B. confused	C. neglected	D. received
Question 25. He usually stays in peace in stressful situations but this time he really lost his head.
A. kept calm	B. excited	C. took leave of his sense	D. lost touch
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 26. My goal was to train myself to learn as much as possible to prepare for the future.
A. I aimed at training myself to learn as much as possible to prepare for the future.
B. Self-training to learn as much as possible to prepare for the future is my desire.
C. I try to attain the goal of learning as much as possible to prepare for the future.
D. I train myself as much as possible with the aim of preparing for the future.
Question 27. Jack bought that second-hand car and he then recognized that he shouldn’t have done that.
A. Jack wished he had not bought that second-hand car.
B. Jack wished he did not buy that second-hand car.
C. Jack regretted to buy that second-hand car.
D. Jack regretted not buying that second-hand car.
Question 28. “John shouldn’t have behaved so badly,” said Janet.
A. Janet objected to John’s bad behavior.	B. Janet doesn’t like John’s behavior.
C. Janet dislikes John.	D. Janet was angry with John.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 29. He was very powerful. Nevertheless, he failed to do anything to save his son’s life.
A. Powerful as he might be, he could do nothing to save his son’s life.
B. He failed to do anything to save his son’s life in spite of the fact that he had no power.
C. In order to save his son’s life, he had great power to do anything he could.
D. The failure in saving his son’s life was due to his being very powerful.
Question 30. The buses began to pull out. Most of them were full of passengers.
A. The buses, most of which were full of passengers, began to pull out.
B. The buses, most of them were full of passengers, began to pull out.
C. The passengers, most of them were full of, began to pull out the buses.
D. The passengers, most of whom were full of the buses, began to pull out.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
It is one of the oldest complaints that the young, at least the male, are (31)________ to crime, disorder and every kind of delinquency, and whereas some argue that criminality is attributable to childish impulsiveness, others claim that it has come because of the role adopted (32)________ the young in society. This role has changed from (33)________ it was in the past, since the young now tend to form a group apart from the rest of society, with spending power far beyond what was available to earlier generations of youth. On the other hand, and this is particularly the case in the United States, their prospects of employment are much lower than  those of adults (34)________ numerous government training schemes, these prospects have been getting worse, and the trend is towards greater youth unemployment. This, combined with the fact that parents are more uncertain and less (35)________ to exercise authority, has resulted in more crimes than ever being committed by young people.
Question 31. A. prone 	B. relate	C. due	 	D. linked
Question 32. A. by	B. of	C. in 	D. off
Question 33. A. what 	B. all	 	C. which 	D. that
Question 34. A. despite	B. however	C. whereas	D. yet
Question 35. A. prepared	B. used	C. honored 	D. pleased
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. 
 	There are more than two hundred varieties of sausage that differ according to the meat, the fineness of the chopping or grinding, the seasonings used, and the processing method (smoking, cooking, drying) employed. Per capita sausage consumption in the United States is now an astounding eleven kilograms a year, with the ubiquitous frankfurter, or wiener, accounting for about thirty percent of the total.
	The frankfurter (after the German city) is better known in the United States as the “hot dog,” especially when in its traditional presentation in a long bread bun, and so popular is it that fourteen billion are eaten every year in the United States, equivalent to sixty for every man, woman, and child in the country – including vegetarians. The contents are strictly governed by law, with the USDA requiring manufacturers to use muscle meat. In fact, heart, liver, and kidney may also be used but only if this is openly stated. Contents must be eighty-five percent meat, ten percent water, and 2.5 percent salt, with the remainder comprising spices and preservatives. Casings were traditionally made from animal intestines, but now ninety percent of the hot dogs consumed are skinless.
	And how did the American culinary delight originate? As with so many brilliant inventions, the answer is “almost by accident”. At the St. Loius Exposition of 1904 customers wanted to be able to eat while walking about, and vendors provided them with white cotton gloves to eat with. After the sausages had been eaten, they expected the gloves to be returned, but the customers did not oblige. So the vendors began serving the frankfurters in special bread buns.
	The idea caught on, and, ever since, the hot dog, served with all kinds of extras (mustard, ketchup, relish, onions, cheese, chili con carne, sauerkraut,), has remained particularly welcome at ourdoor events such as picnics, barbecues, and, above all, baseball games.
Question 36. According to the passage, ________.
A. not all types of sausage are cooked
B. there are over two hundred kinds of meat in sausages
C. the average American consumes eleven kilograms of frankfurters annually
D. “wiener” is the content of a frankfurter
Question 37. The word “seasonings” in line 2 is closest in meaning to________.
A. condiments	B. colors	C. ingredients	D. procedures
Question 38. The main theme of the second paragraph is________.
A. United States frankfurter facts	B. the popularity of frankfurters
C. laws governing the sale and contents of frankfurters	D. frankfurter traditions
Question 39. Why does the author add the phrase “including vegetarians” in paragraph 2?
A. To indicate that frankfurters are eaten by vegetarians.
B. To suggest that the average for others is even higher.
C. To show that some men, women, and children in the USA are vegetarians.
D. To warn vegetarians against the dangers of frankfurters.
Question 40. It may be inferred that the proportion of spices and preservatives is________.
A. 2.5%	B. 25%	C. 12.5%	D. 97.5%
Question 41. The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to________.
A. vendors	B. sausages	C. cotton gloves	D. customers
Question 42. Why did vendors introduce frankfurters in bread buns in 1904?
A. The customers did not return the vendors’ white gloves.
B. The customers asked for them in bread buns.
C. The buns could hold all of the extras plus the hot dog.
D. The buns were traditional at outdoor events.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
What geologists call the Basin and Range Province in the United States roughly coincides in its northern portions with the geographic province known as the Great Basin. The Great Basin is surrounded on the west by the Sierra Nevada and on the east by the Rocky Mountains; it has no outlet to the sea. The prevailing winds in the Great Basin are from the west. Warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocean is forced upward as it crosses the Sierra Nevada. At the higher altitudes it cools and the moisture it carries is precipitated as rain or snow on the western slopes of the mountains. That which reaches the Basin is air wrung dry of moisture. What little water falls there as rain or snow, mostly in the winter months, evaporates on the broad, flat desert floors. It is, therefore, an environment in which organism battle for survival. Along the rare watercourses, cottonwoods and willows eke out a sparse existence. In the upland ranges, pinion pines and junipers struggle to hold their own.
	But the Great Basin has not always been so arid. Many of its dry, closed depressions were once filled with water. Owens Valley, Panamint Valley, and Death Valley were once a string of interconnected lakes. The two largest of the ancient lakes of the Great Britain were Lake Lahontan and Lake Bonneville. The Great Salt Lake is all that remains of the latter, and Pyramid Lake is one of the last briny remnants of the former.
	There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years when water accumulated in these basins. The rise and fall of the lakes were undoubtedly linked to the advances and retreats of the great ice sheets that covered much of the northern part of the North American continent during those times. Climatic changes during the Ice Ages sometimes brought cooler, wetter weather to mid-latitude deserts worldwide, including those of the Great Basin. The broken valleys of the Great Basin provided ready receptacles for this moisture.
Question 43. What is the geographical relationship between the Basin and Range Province and the Great Basin?
A. The Great Basin is in the northern part of the Basin and Range Province.
B. The Great Basin is west of the Basin and Range Province.
C. The Great Basin is larger than the Basin and Range Province.
D. The Great Basin is mountainous; the Basin and Range Province is flat desert.
Question 44. According to the passage, what does the Great Basin lack?
A. Access to the ocean	B. Dry air	C. Winds from the west	D. Snow
Question 45. The word “prevailing” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________.
A. most frequent	B. occasional	C. gentle	D. most dangerous
Question 46. It can be inferred that the climate in the Great Basin is dry because________.
A. precipitation falls in the nearby mountains	
B. the weather patterns are so turbulent	
C. the altitude prevents precipitation	
D. the winds are not strong enough to carry moisture
Question 47. Why does the author mention Owens Valley, Panamint Valley, and Death Valley in the second paragraph?
A. To give examples of depressions that once contained water.
B. To explain their geographical formation. 
C. To compare the characteristics of the valleys with the characteristics of the lakes.
D. To explain what the Great Britain is like today.
Question 48.The word “the former” in paragraph 2 refer to________.
A. Lake Lahontan	B. Lake Bonneville	C. The Great Salt Lake	D. Pyramid Lake
Question 49. The word “accumulated” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to________.
A. collected	B. flooded	C. dried	D. evaporated
Question 50. According to the passage, the Ice Ages often brought about________.
A. wetter weather	B. warmer climates	C. broken valley	D. desert formation
_________THE END_________
 SỞ GD&ĐT VĨNH PHÚC
TRƯỜNG THPT LIỄN SƠN
(Đề thi gồm: 05 trang)
ĐỀ KTCL ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA NĂM 2017-2018
Môn: TIẾNG ANH – ĐỀ SỐ 334
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Họ và tên thí sinh:. SBD:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 01. A. crashed	B. waived	C. gained	D. seemed
Question 02. A. keep	B. know	C. knife	D. knee
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 03. A. purpose	B. propose	C. improve	D. escape
Question 04. A. challenging	B. relation	C. arrangement	D. preparing
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 05. Overpopulation is a short way to lead to poor, illiteracy, and social evils.
A. poor	B. Overpopulation	C. a short way	D. illiteracy 
Question 06. In its early days, films were just a little much more than moving photographs.
A. its	B. just a little	C. much more than	D. moving
Question 07. After the social science lecture, all students were invited to take part in a discussion on the issues which raised in the talk.
A. raised	B. social science lecture	C. to take part	D. on the issues 
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 08. Jane is very modest, always________ her success.
A. playing down	B. turning around	C. keeping down	D. pushing back
Question 09. Although________ solar energy is cheaper than________ oil, both of them have advantages as well as disadvantages.
A. Ø/ Ø	B. a/ Ø	C. Ø/ an	D. the/ an
Question 10. An eccentric is by definition someone whose behavior is________, someone who refuses to conform to the accepted norms of his society.
A. abnormal	B. abnormally	C. abnormality	D. abnormalities
Question 11. My music teacher suggested________ for an hour before breakfast.
A. practising	B. to practise	C. practise	D. to practising
Question 12. Each of the four types of human teeth________ suited for a specific purpose.
A. is	B. are	C. have been	D. was
Question 13. 	Tom: “Have you decided when you’ll leave?”	
	John: “Not exactly, but I think the sooner, ________”.
A. the better	B. is better	C. is the better	D. the best
Question 14. Can I________ your brain for a moment? I can’t do this crossword by myself.
A. pick	B. use	C. have	 D. mind
Question 15. Life is a diary________ each line contains a story of experience.
A. in which	B. who	C. which	D. that
Question 16. The authorities recommend that the meeting________ next Wednesday.
A. be held	B. is held	C. will be held	D. held 
Question 17. Nobody says a word about the incident, ________?
A. do they	B. don’t they 	C. does he	D. doesn’t he
Question 18. Out________ for a walk after she finished doing her homework.
A. went Mary	B. did Mary go	C. Mary went	D. Mary did go
Question 19. By the end of next month we________ this assignment.
A. will have finished	B. will finish	C. will be finishing	D. have finished
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 20. 	– Customer: “Can I have a look at that pullover, please?	”	
– Salesgirl: “______________”
A. Which one? This one?	B. It’s much cheaper.	
C. Sorry, it’s out of stock.	D. Can I help you?
Question 21. 	– Mike: “Good morning. Could I speak to Mr. Brown, please?”	
– Carter: “_______________”
A. He’s in a meeting. Can I take a message?	
B. Propably by Monday next week.
C. I’ll have to ask the person you want to ring first.	
D. Certainly. Would two o’clock be OK?
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 22. I see John boasting again. I’ve heard him telling everyone he’s the best tennis player in the County.
A. blowing his own trumpet	B. holding his tongue	
C. speaking too much	D. pulling my leg 
Question 23. In order to enjoy fine wine, one should drink it slowly, a little at a time.
A. sip it 	B. smell it	C. spill it	D. stir it
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 24. Perhaps the customer has overlooked his monthly statement and not paid the bill.
A. perused	B. confused	C. neglected	D. received
Question 25. He usually stays in peace in stressful situations but this time he really lost his head.
A. kept calm	B. excited	C. took leave of his sense	D. lost touch
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 26. My goal was to train myself to learn as much as possible to prepare for the future.
A. I aimed at training myself to learn as much as possible to prepare for the future.
B. Self-training to learn as much as possible to prepare for the future is my desire.
C. I try to attain the goal of learning as much as possible to prepare for the future.
D. I train myself as much as possible with the aim of preparing for the future.
Question 27. Jack bought that second-hand car and he then recognized that he shouldn’t have done that.
A. Jack wished he had not bought that second-hand car.
B. Jack wished he did not buy that second-hand car.
C. Jack regretted to buy that second-hand car.
D. Jack regretted not buying that second-hand car.
Question 28. “John shouldn’t have behaved so badly,” said Janet.
A. Janet objected to John’s bad behavior.	B. Janet doesn’t like John’s behavior.
C. Janet dislikes John.	D. Janet was angry with John.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 29. He was very powerful. Nevertheless, he failed to do anything to save his son’s life.
A. Powerful as he might be, he could do nothing to save his son’s life.
B. He failed to do anything to save his son’s life in spite of the fact that he had no power.
C. In order to save his son’s life, he had great power to do anything he could.
D. The failure in saving his son’s life was due to his being very powerful.
Question 30. The buses began to pull out. Most of them were full of passengers.
A. The buses, most of which were full of passengers, began to pull out.
B. The buses, most of them were full of passengers, began to pull out.
C. The passengers, most of them were full of, began to pull out the buses.
D. The passengers, most of whom were full of the buses, began to pull out.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
It is one of the oldest complaints that the young, at least the male, are (31)________ to crime, disorder and every kind of delinquency, and whereas some argue that criminality is attributable to childish impulsiveness, others claim that it has come because of the role adopted (32)________ the young in society. This role has changed from (33)________ it was in the past, since the young now tend to form a group apart from the rest of society, with spending power far beyond what was available to earlier generations of youth. On the other hand, and this is particularly the case in the United States, their prospects of employment are much lower than  those of adults (34)________ numerous government training schemes, these prospects have been getting worse, and the trend is towards greater youth unemployment. This, combined with the fact that parents are more uncertain and less (35)________ to exercise authority, has resulted in more crimes than ever being committed by young people.
Question 31. A. prone 	B. relate	C. due	 	D. linked
Question 32. A. by	B. of	C. in 	D. off
Question 33. A. what 	B. all	 	C. which 	D. that
Question 34. A. despite	B. however	C. whereas	D. yet
Question 35. A. prepared	B. used	C. honored 	D. pleased
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. 
 	There are more than two hundred varieties of sausage that differ according to the meat, the fineness of the chopping or grinding, the seasonings used, and the processing method (smoking, cooking, drying) employed. Per capita sausage consumption in the United States is now an astounding eleven kilograms a year, with the ubiquitous frankfurter, or wiener, accounting for about thirty percent of the total.
	The frankfurter (after the German city) is better known in the United States as the “hot dog,” especially when in its traditional presentation in a long bread bun, and so popular is it that fourteen billion are eaten every year in the United States, equivalent to sixty for every man, woman, and child in the country – including vegetarians. The contents are strictly governed by law, with the USDA requiring manufacturers to use muscle meat. In fact, heart, liver, and kidney may also be used but only if this is openly stated. Contents must be eighty-five percent meat, ten percent water, and 2.5 percent salt, with the remainder comprising spices and preservatives. Casings were traditionally made from animal intestines, but now ninety percent of the hot dogs consumed are skinless.
	And how did the American culinary delight originate? As with so many brilliant inventions, the answer is “almost by accident”. At the St. Loius Exposition of 1904 customers wanted to be able to eat while walking about, and vendors provided them with white cotton gloves to eat with. After the sausages had been eaten, they expected the gloves to be returned, but the customers did not oblige. So the vendors began serving the frankfurters in special bread buns.
	The idea caught on, and, ever since, the hot dog, served with all kinds of extras (mustard, ketchup, relish, onions, cheese, chili con carne, sauerkraut,), has remained particularly welcome at ourdoor events such as picnics, barbecues, and, above all, baseball games.
Question 36. According to the passage, ________.
A. not all types of sausage are cooked
B. there are over two hundred kinds of meat in sausages
C. the average American consumes eleven kilograms of frankfurters annually
D. “wiener” is the content of a frankfurter
Question 37. The word “seasonings” in line 2 is closest in meaning to________.
A. condiments	B. colors	C. ingredients	D. procedures
Question 38. The main theme of the second paragraph is________.
A. United States frankfurter facts	B. the popularity of frankfurters
C. laws governing the sale and contents of frankfurters	D. frankfurter traditions
Question 39. Why does the author add the phrase “including vegetarians” in paragraph 2?
A. To indicate that frankfurters are eaten by vegetarians.
B. To suggest that the average for others is even higher.
C. To show that some men, women, and children in the USA are vegetarians.
D. To warn vegetarians against the dangers of frankfurters.
Question 40. It may be inferred that the proportion of spices and preservatives is________.
A. 2.5%	B. 25%	C. 12.5%	D. 97.5%
Question 41. The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to________.
A. vendors	B. sausages	C. cotton gloves	D. customers
Question 42. Why did vendors introduce frankfurters in bread buns in 1904?
A. The customers did not return the vendors’ white gloves.
B. The customers asked for them in bread buns.
C. The buns could hold all of the extras plus the hot dog.
D. The buns were traditional at outdoor events.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
What geologists call the Basin and Range Province in the United States roughly coincides in its northern portions with the geographic province known as the Great Basin. The Great Basin is surrounded on the west by the Sierra Nevada and on the east by the Rocky Mountains; it has no outlet to the sea. The prevailing winds in the Great Basin are from the west. Warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocean is forced upward as it crosses the Sierra Nevada. At the higher altitudes it cools and the moisture it carries is precipitated as rain or snow on the western slopes of the mountains. That which reaches the Basin is air wrung dry of moisture. What little water falls there as rain or snow, mostly in the winter months, evaporates on the broad, flat desert floors. It is, therefore, an environment in which organism battle for survival. Along the rare watercourses, cottonwoods and willows eke out a sparse existence. In the upland ranges, pinion pines and junipers struggle to hold their own.
	But the Great Basin has not always been so arid. Many of its dry, closed depressions were once filled with water. Owens Valley, Panamint Valley, and Death Valley were once a string of interconnected lakes. The two largest of the ancient lakes of the Great Britain were Lake Lahontan and Lake Bonneville. The Great Salt Lake is all that remains of the latter, and Pyramid Lake is one of the last briny remnants of the former.
	There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years when water accumulated in these basins. The rise and fall of the lakes were undoubtedly linked to the advances and retreats of the great ice sheets that covered much of the northern part of the North American continent during those times. Climatic changes during the Ice Ages sometimes brought cooler, wetter weather to mid-latitude deserts worldwide, including those of the Great Basin. The broken valleys of the Great Basin provided ready receptacles for this moisture.
Question 43. What is the geographical relationship between the Basin and Rang