Đề kiểm tra chất lượng ôn thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Năm học 2017-2018 - Đề số 212

 SỞ GD&ĐT VĨNH PHÚC
TRƯỜNG THPT LIấ̃N SƠN
(Đề thi gồm: 05 trang)
ĐỀ KTCL ễN THI THPT QUỐC GIA NĂM 2017-2018
Mụn: TIẾNG ANH – Đấ̀ SỐ 212
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phỳt, khụng kể thời gian phỏt đề
Họ và tờn thí sinh:. SBD:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 01: A. mice	B. slice	C. accomplice	D. spice
Question 02: A. speak	B. steak	C. beak	D. leak
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 03: A. inference	B. inferior	C. redundance	D. reference
Question 04: A. competent	B. compliance	C. computer	D. commuter
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 05: It's not very interesting work, but at least it's a_______ job.
A. regular	B. continuous	C. firm	D. steady
Question 06: There's no danger in using this machinery as long as you______ to the safety regulations. 
A. abide	B. adhere	C. comply	D. observe
Question 07: There is no_______ for hard work and perseverance if you want to succeed.
A. substitute	B. equivalent	C. imitation	D. alternative
Question 08: The witness's account was not_______ with the facts.
A. reliable	B. consistent	C. matched	D. confirmed
Question 09: Do you think that_______ will ever be able to live another planets.
A. human races	B. human beings	C. population	D. masses
Question 10: Burglar alarms on cars and houses may act as a_______ to the casual thief.
A. prevention	B. stopper	C. precaution	D. deterrent
Question 11: I can't understand Juan's Spanish, because he speaks a regional_______.
A. accent	B. slang	C. dialect	D. jargon
Question 12: It is sdvisable to_______ any contact with potentially rabid animals.
A. evade	B. escape	C. prevent	D. avoid
Question 13: When you are an old age pensioner, you have to learn to_______ a very small income.
A. live on	B. live out	C. live down	D. live up to
Question 14: The barman began to_______ his fists in a threatening manner so I left.
A. gather	B. fold	C. clench	D. bundle
Question 15: Stop looking at yourself in the mirror! You're so_______.
A. proud	B. vain	C. conceited	D. self-centred
Question 16: As a_______ prime minister, his views are reacted with respect when he is interviewed.
A. late	B. prior	C. previous	D. former
Question 17: Did you read_______ book I lent you_______ last week.
	A. a/ the	B. the/ the	C. the/ ặ	D. ặ/ ặ
Question 18: This subject_______ going to discuss, is very important.
 A. which we are B. which are we 	C. that we are D. A and C are correct
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 23.
DUBAI, THE CITY OF GOLD
 	Situated on the coast of the Persian Gulf, Dubai is one of the seven countries that today make up the United Arab Emirates. The capital, also named Dubai, was founded at the beginning of the 19th century, and, because of its (19)_______ location, it rapidly became popular with foreign tradesmen.
 	Today, Dubai is a modern, thriving city attracting an increasing number of tourists. If you come here in the summer, however, be warned. The temperature can (20)_______ a high of over 47 degrees Celsius, so remember to drink plenty of water.
 	Dubai City is where everyone will want to start their sightseeing. Of course, you can visit one of the modern shopping malls, but for a completely different (21)_______, go to a souk - a traditional market that you can find in many parts of Dubai, selling clothes, jewellery, food and sculptures. One thing you will be expected to do is to haggle with the shopkeeper before agreeing on a price. It is not just about (22)_______ a bargain, it is part of the culture.
 	There is no doubt that Dubai is an exciting place. It has been said that it is the fastest growing city in the world, with 800 people setting up home here every day! It really is a futuristic city that will (23)_______ your breath away.
Question 19: A. first	B. major	C. super	D. prime
Question 20: A. make	B. achieve	C. realise	D. reach
Question 21: A. event	B. experience	C. incident	D. occurrence
Question 22: A. selling	B. striking	C. dealing	D. trading
Question 23: A. snatch	B. take	C. grasp	D. pull
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 24 to 30.
 	Most of us associate robots with films such as Star Wars, I, Robot or Al, but in reality they have more to do with social issues and politics rather than science fiction. The term 'robot' first made its appearance in a play entitled Rossum’s Universal Robots written almost a century ago by a Czechoslovakian playwright by the name of Karel Capek. Capek got the name robot from the Slavic word ‘robota’ which means forced labour. In his play, he portrays a society where robots, which look human, are mass produced to work in the place of people.
 	Capek’s story was well received by the critics but never really got credit for being the source of the notion of robots. The play has significant relevance to our society today, as humanoid-type robots are being created to fulfil a wide range of tasks. Robot engineers are not only developing mindless worker drones, but are attempting to create human-like companion robots for people. Consequently, the question of what actually makes us human is the subject of lively debate.
 	In the USA, sociable robotics is developing at a relatively rapid rate and a human companion type of robot could soon be a reality. Japanese researchers see a very bright future for these robots who will serve as friends or family to the lonely. Nevertheless, one needs to ask if a human being can have a relationship with a machine in the same way as they do with other people or animals, and if so, what effect this could have on our society. The success of robot toys or virtual pets suggests that this type of relationship is possible. Research shows that children tend to have similar relationships with humans as with non-humans whereas the same is true for adults only with pets or when the robot is designed to look like a child. This is probably because robots display superficial emotions and cannot as yet replace human touch. But will these machines one day succeed in replacing humans? 
 	Some paint a very dark picture of a robot society and predict that artificially intelligent machines will take control of the entire planet and dominate the human race. However, robot technology is still in its Infancy and the idea of them taking over the world is pure fantasy to most of us, including scientists. In fact, most robots can only perform very basic tasks and even the most advanced robot that is capable of expressing over forty different emotions seems to do so in a totally random manner, regardless of what is going on around it.
 	In spite of the simplicity of today’s robots, robotic technology is impacting our everyday lives in a dramatic way. Nowadays, our robots are becoming more and more like those portrayed in Capeks work. In a society where human relationships are so often strained, it is no surprise that the possibility for human-robot relationships is increasing. 
[Source: STARLIGHT 10, Module 5, Virginia Evans, 2010]
Question 24: Adults tend to have good relationships with________.
A. virtual pets	B. childlike robots	C. non-humans	D. robot toys
Question 25: There is a lot of discussion about________.
A. what a human really is.	B. the nature of a humanoid robot
C. how a robot is made up	D. the truth about companionship.
Question 26: In line 6,‘was well received by the critics’ means________.
A. the story was sent to a lot of critics	B. the author was criticised by other writers
C. they praised the writer for his linguistic skills	D. reviewers thought the story was good
Question 27: Most critics ignored the fact that________.
A. robots can do a lot of tasks 	B. Capek came up with the idea of robots 
C. humanoid robots are being created	D. robots are important in our society
Question 28: Japanese researchers think that robots could________.
A. be of use to families	B. be put to use as servants
C. be useful to engineers	D. be of use to people who live alone
Question 29: When most people think of robots, they tend to think of________.
A. literature	B. social issues	C. politics	D. films
Question 30: Advanced robots still only________.
A. perform basic tasks	B. express emotions randomly
C. react to emotions just like humans.	D. express over forty emotions 
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges.
Question 31: ~ Andy: “Do you think we could walk to school?” ~ Bob: ”_____________”
A. No way! I’m wearing high heels.	B. On foot. That’s exercise to keep fit too.
C. No. Taxi is not available at this time of the day.
D. I hope so. You musy have been exhausted after the walk.
Question 32: ~ Ann: ”Have you ever seen an avalanche?” ~ Baker: ”_____________”
A. Oh, no. That only happens in winter.	B. Yes. In a video clip from Switzerland.
C. Very often. The atmosphere there is wonderful. D. Once. I met her in an anniversary party.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 33: I realize we shouldn't speak ill of the deceased.
A. poke nose into	B. pay esteem to	C. blame for	D. speak highly of
Question 34: Another defeat in parliament would seriously weaken the president's ability to govern. A. strengthen	B. diminish	C. eliminate	D. lessen
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 41.
 In recent years many countries of the world have been with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers' life more enjoyable," it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.
 Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important, and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used very little that can be done to create it.
 Another very important consideration is how each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one part of the. product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line, it would seem that not only is degree of the worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about. 
 To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this js important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.
Question 35: For a worker on an assembly line in a car factory, the job is not enjoyable because_______.
A. the importance of his job is not clear to him B. his life in spare time is more interesting
C. he can only make a part of a car	D. he does not know what he is doing
Question 36: The word "argument" is closest in meaning to_______.
A. speech	B. talk	C. lecture	D. discussion
Question 37: The best title for this passage may be_______.
A. Making Jobs More Interesting	B. Problems of Modern Workers
C. How to Improve Labour Productivity	D. Pushing Workers to Produce More
Question 38: In the article, the word "productivity" means_______.
A. the activity of producing something	B. the plan and the method of production
C. both the quantity and quality of a product 	D. the production volume in a time unit
Question 39: The reason why a worker cannot have freedom in doing the job in his own way is that_______. A. the bosses can create very little freedom of chửicesfor workers
B. the machinery is so complex that it should be fixed
C. the production lines are too large in modern factories
D. the machines must be operated strictly according to instructions and rules
Question 40: Which of the following is the best way to make workers work harder according to the author? A. Replacing large production lines with small ones.	B. Giving them more spare time. 
C. Increasing their pay.	D. Making the work itself meaningful.
Question 41: The word “this” refers to_______.
A. making him work harder	B. the modern factory with its complicated machinery 
C. giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way 
D. the doubt about how productive the worker is with freedom to work
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 42: The twins resemble each other so much that I can never tell which is which.
A. I can never tell the twins anything as they like each other so much. 
B. It is impossible for me to identify the twins because they look very much like one another.
C. Although the twins do not look like each other I cannot name them easily.
D. I cannot tell the twins apart because I don’t know them well enough.
Question 43: I can't stand his talking foolishly when everybody talks about something in a serious way.
A. I can't understand him when he talks foolishly.
B. I don't mind his talking foolishly when everybody talks seriously.
C. Everybody talks seriously when he talks foolishly.
D. I hate him talking foolishly when people talk seriously.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 44: This is an argument that seems to fly in the face of common sense.
A. look down on	B. completely oppose C. be at the core D. defy
Question 45: Mr. Davis' speech was packed with high-flown language.
 	A. encouraging 	B. plausible	 C. extolling D. impressive but nonsensical
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 46: Soon after Mike has finished his thesis, he will leave for Boston, where he has a job waiting on him.
A. has finished	B. on him	C. leave	D. where
Question 47: John always arrives lately for his chemistry class even though he leaves his dormitory in plenty of time.
A. leaves	B. lately	C. always	D. in plenty of time
Question 48: The Nelsons asked us to look for their plants for them while they were away on vacation. A. look for	B. us	C. while	D. away on vacation
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 49: They made plans to go. They ended up not being able to make it.
 	A. They made plans to go; as a result, they ended up not being able to make it.
B. They made plans to go; however, they ended up not being able to make it.
C. They made plans to go; therefore, they ended up not being able to make it.
D. because they made plans to go, they ended up not being able to make it.
Question 50: We don’t believe the way you do. Our culture is very different from yours.
A. We don’t believe the way you do because our culture is very different from yours.
B. We don’t believe the way you do although our culture is very different from yours.
C. We don’t believe the way you do; therefore, our culture is very different from yours.
D. We don’t believe the way you do, so our culture is very different from yours.
______THE END______
 SỞ GD&ĐT VĨNH PHÚC
TRƯỜNG THPT LIấ̃N SƠN
(Đề thi gồm: 05 trang)
ĐỀ KTCL ễN THI THPT QUỐC GIA NĂM 2017-2018
Mụn: TIẾNG ANH – Đấ̀ SỐ 212
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phỳt, khụng kể thời gian phỏt đề
Họ và tờn thí sinh:. SBD:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 01: A. mice	B. slice	C. accomplice	D. spice
Question 02: A. speak	B. steak	C. beak	D. leak
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 03: A. inference	B. inferior	C. redundance	D. reference
Question 04: A. competent	B. compliance	C. computer	D. commuter
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 05: It's not very interesting work, but at least it's a_______ job.
A. regular	B. continuous	C. firm	D. steady
Question 06: There's no danger in using this machinery as long as you______ to the safety regulations. 
A. abide	B. adhere	C. comply	D. observe
Question 07: There is no_______ for hard work and perseverance if you want to succeed.
A. substitute	B. equivalent	C. imitation	D. alternative
Question 08: The witness's account was not_______ with the facts.
A. reliable	B. consistent	C. matched	D. confirmed
Question 09: Do you think that_______ will ever be able to live another planets.
A. human races	B. human beings	C. population	D. masses
Question 10: Burglar alarms on cars and houses may act as a_______ to the casual thief.
A. prevention	B. stopper	C. precaution	D. deterrent
Question 11: I can't understand Juan's Spanish, because he speaks a regional_______.
A. accent	B. slang	C. dialect	D. jargon
Question 12: It is sdvisable to_______ any contact with potentially rabid animals.
A. evade	B. escape	C. prevent	D. avoid
Question 13: When you are an old age pensioner, you have to learn to_______ a very small income.
A. live on	B. live out	C. live down	D. live up to
Question 14: The barman began to_______ his fists in a threatening manner so I left.
A. gather	B. fold	C. clench	D. bundle
Question 15: Stop looking at yourself in the mirror! You're so_______.
A. proud	B. vain	C. conceited	D. self-centred
Question 16: As a_______ prime minister, his views are reacted with respect when he is interviewed.
A. late	B. prior	C. previous	D. former
Question 17: Did you read_______ book I lent you_______ last week.
	A. a/ the	B. the/ the	C. the/ ặ	D. ặ/ ặ
Question 18: This subject_______ going to discuss, is very important.
 A. which we are B. which are we 	C. that we are D. A and C are correct
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 23.
DUBAI, THE CITY OF GOLD
 	Situated on the coast of the Persian Gulf, Dubai is one of the seven countries that today make up the United Arab Emirates. The capital, also named Dubai, was founded at the beginning of the 19th century, and, because of its (19)_______ location, it rapidly became popular with foreign tradesmen.
 	Today, Dubai is a modern, thriving city attracting an increasing number of tourists. If you come here in the summer, however, be warned. The temperature can (20)_______ a high of over 47 degrees Celsius, so remember to drink plenty of water.
 	Dubai City is where everyone will want to start their sightseeing. Of course, you can visit one of the modern shopping malls, but for a completely different (21)_______, go to a souk - a traditional market that you can find in many parts of Dubai, selling clothes, jewellery, food and sculptures. One thing you will be expected to do is to haggle with the shopkeeper before agreeing on a price. It is not just about (22)_______ a bargain, it is part of the culture.
 	There is no doubt that Dubai is an exciting place. It has been said that it is the fastest growing city in the world, with 800 people setting up home here every day! It really is a futuristic city that will (23)_______ your breath away.
Question 19: A. first	B. major	C. super	D. prime
Question 20: A. make	B. achieve	C. realise	D. reach
Question 21: A. event	B. experience	C. incident	D. occurrence
Question 22: A. selling	B. striking	C. dealing	D. trading
Question 23: A. snatch	B. take	C. grasp	D. pull
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 24 to 30.
 	Most of us associate robots with films such as Star Wars, I, Robot or Al, but in reality they have more to do with social issues and politics rather than science fiction. The term 'robot' first made its appearance in a play entitled Rossum’s Universal Robots written almost a century ago by a Czechoslovakian playwright by the name of Karel Capek. Capek got the name robot from the Slavic word ‘robota’ which means forced labour. In his play, he portrays a society where robots, which look human, are mass produced to work in the place of people.
 	Capek’s story was well received by the critics but never really got credit for being the source of the notion of robots. The play has significant relevance to our society today, as humanoid-type robots are being created to fulfil a wide range of tasks. Robot engineers are not only developing mindless worker drones, but are attempting to create human-like companion robots for people. Consequently, the question of what actually makes us human is the subject of lively debate.
 	In the USA, sociable robotics is developing at a relatively rapid rate and a human companion type of robot could soon be a reality. Japanese researchers see a very bright future for these robots who will serve as friends or family to the lonely. Nevertheless, one needs to ask if a human being can have a relationship with a machine in the same way as they do with other people or animals, and if so, what effect this could have on our society. The success of robot toys or virtual pets suggests that this type of relationship is possible. Research shows that children tend to have similar relationships with humans as with non-humans whereas the same is true for adults only with pets or when the robot is designed to look like a child. This is probably because robots display superficial emotions and cannot as yet replace human touch. But will these machines one day succeed in replacing humans? 
 	Some paint a very dark picture of a robot society and predict that artificially intelligent machines will take control of the entire planet and dominate the human race. However, robot technology is still in its Infancy and the idea of them taking over the world is pure fantasy to most of us, including scientists. In fact, most robots can only perform very basic tasks and even the most advanced robot that is capable of expressing over forty different emotions seems to do so in a totally random manner, regardless of what is going on around it.
 	In spite of the simplicity of today’s robots, robotic technology is impacting our everyday lives in a dramatic way. Nowadays, our robots are becoming more and more like those portrayed in Capeks work. In a society where human relationships are so often strained, it is no surprise that the possibility for human-robot relationships is increasing. 
[Source: STARLIGHT 10, Module 5, Virginia Evans, 2010]
Question 24: Adults tend to have good relationships with________.
A. virtual pets	B. childlike robots	C. non-humans	D. robot toys
Question 25: There is a lot of discussion about________.
A. what a human really is.	B. the nature of a humanoid robot
C. how a robot is made up	D. the truth about companionship.
Question 26: In line 6,‘was well received by the critics’ means________.
A. the story was sent to a lot of critics	B. the author was criticised by other writers
C. they praised the writer for his linguistic skills	D. reviewers thought the story was good
Question 27: Most critics ignored the fact that________.
A. robots can do a lot of tasks 	B. Capek came up with the idea of robots 
C. humanoid robots are being created	D. robots are important in our society
Question 28: Japanese researchers think that robots could________.
A. be of use to families	B. be put to use as servants
C. be useful to engineers	D. be of use to people who live alone
Question 29: When most people think of robots, they tend to think of________.
A. literature	B. social issues	C. politics	D. films
Question 30: Advanced robots still only________.
A. perform basic tasks	B. express emotions randomly
C. react to emotions just like humans.	D. express over forty emotions 
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges.
Question 31: ~ Andy: “Do you think we could walk to school?” ~ Bob: ”_____________”
A. No way! I’m wearing high heels.	B. On foot. That’s exercise to keep fit too.
C. No. Taxi is not available at this time of the day.
D. I hope so. You musy have been exhausted after the walk.
Question 32: ~ Ann: ”Have you ever seen an avalanche?” ~ Baker: ”_____________”
A. Oh, no. That only happens in winter.	B. Yes. In a video clip from Switzerland.
C. Very often. The atmosphere there is wonderful. D. Once. I met her in an anniversary party.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 33: I realize we shouldn't speak ill of the deceased.
A. poke nose into	B. pay esteem to	C. blame for	D. speak highly of
Question 34: Another defeat in parliament would seriously weaken the president's ability to govern. A. strengthen	B. diminish	C. eliminate	D. lessen
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 41.
 In recent years many countries of the world have been with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers' life more enjoyable," it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.
 Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important, and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used very little that can be done to create it.
 Another very important consideration is how each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one part of the. product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line, it would seem that not only is degree of the worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about. 
 To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this js important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.
Question 35: For a worker on an assembly line in a car factory, the job is not enjoyable because_______.
A. the importance of his job is not clear to him B. his life in spare time is more interesting
C. he can only make a part of a car	D. he does not know what he is doing
Question 36: The word "argument" is closest in meaning to_______.
A. speech	B. talk	C. lecture	D. discussion
Question 37: The best title for this passage may be_______.
A. Making Jobs More Interesting	B. Problems of Modern Workers
C. How to Improve Labour Productivity	D. Pushing Workers to Produce More
Question 38: In the article, the word "productivity" means_______.
A. the activity of producing something	B. the plan and the method of production
C. both the quantity and quality of a product 	D. the production volume in a time unit
Question 39: The reason why a worker cannot have freedom in doing the job in his own way is that_______. A. the bosses can create very little freedom of chửicesfor workers
B. the machinery is so complex that it should be fixed
C. the production lines are too large in modern factories
D. the machines must be operated strictly according to instructions and rules
Question 40: Which of the following is the best way to make workers work harder according to the author? A. Replacing large production lines with small ones.	B. Giving them more spare time. 
C. Increasing their pay.	D. Making the work itself meaningful.
Question 41: The word “this” refers to_______.
A. making him work harder	B. the modern factory with its complicated machinery 
C. giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way 
D. the doubt