Đề cương ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh 9 - Unit 9: Natural disasters

Unit
9
	NATURAL DISASTERS
	 A GRAMMAR REVIEW	
1. Các bước chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động. 
• Xác định S, V, O trong câu chủ động
• Xác định thì của động từ
• Đem O trong câu chủ động làm S trong câu bị động, đem S trong câu chủ động làm O trong câu bị động
• Lấy V chính trong câu chủ động đổi thành V3 rồi thêm be thích hợp trước V3. (Chú ý động từ be được chia theo thời của câu chủ động.)
• Đặt BY trước O trong câu bị động 
Eg: (A) The cat ate the mouse.
	(P) The mouse was eaten by the cat.
	Trong câu (A), The cat là S, ate là V chính, the mouse là O. Đem the mouse làm S và the cat làm O trong (P). Lấy V chính đổi thành V3 là eaten. Do V chính trong (A) ở thì quá khứ đơn và The mouse trong (P) số ít nên be phải là was. Đặt by trước the cat.
2. Động từ trong câu chủ động và bị động:
Tenses
Active
Passive
Simple Present
S + V/V(s,es) + O
Eg: Mary cleans the house.
S + be + V3 + by +O
Eg: The house is cleaned by Mary.
Present Continuous
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
Eg: Mary is cleaning the house.
S + am/is/are + being + V3 + by + O
Eg: The house is being cleaned by Mary
Present Perfect
S + has/have + V3 + O
Eg: Mary has cleaned the house.
S + has/have + been + V3 + by + O
Eg: The house has been cleaned by Mary.
Simple Past
S + V-ed + O
Eg: Mary cleaned the house.
S + was/were + V3 + by + O
Eg: The house was cleaned by Mary.
Past Continuous
S + was/were + V-ing + O
Eg: Mary was cleaning the house.
S + was/were + being + V3 + by + O
Eg: The house was being cleaned by Mary.
Past Perfect
S + had + V3 + O
Eg: Mary had cleaned the house.
S + had + been + V3 + by + O
Eg: The house had been cleaned by Mary.
Simple Future
S + will/shall + V + O
Eg: Mary will clean the house.
S + will + be + V3 + by + O
Eg: The house will be cleaned by Mary.
Future Perfect
S + will/shall + have + V3 + O
Eg: Mary will have cleaned the house by tomorrow.
S + will + have + been + V3 + by + O
Eg: The house will have been cleaned by Mary by tomorrow.
Be + going to
S + am/is/are + going to + V + O
Eg: Mary is going to clean the house.
S + am/is/are + going to + be + V3 + by + O
Eg: The house is going to be cleaned by Mary.
Modal Verbs
S + modal verb + V + O
Eg: Mary can clean the house.
S + model verb + be + V3 + by + O
Eg: The house can be cleaned by Mary.
- Một số dạng bị động khác:
	Cấu trúc: They/ People say/ think/ believe that... 
- (A) People say that Henry eats ten eggs a day.
- (P1) It is said that Henry eats ten eggs a day.
- (P2) Henry is said to eat ten eggs a day.
- (A) They thought that Mary had gone away.
- (P1) It was thought that Mary had gone away.
- (P2) Mary was thought to have gone away.
Chú ý: Lược bỏ túc từ trong câu bị động:
	Nếu chủ từ trong câu chủ động không chỉ rõ là ngưòi hay vật cu thể, rõ ràng (people, someone, everyone, no one, any one, I, we you, they, s/he, it) thì khi đổi sang câu bị động (by people/ someone/ everyone/ no one/ anyone/ me / us/ you/ the / her/ him/ it) có thể được bỏ đi.
Eg:
(A) People built that bridge in 1998.
(P) That bridge was built in 1998.
	 B PAST PERFECT	
1. Cấu trúc
Khẳng định 	S + had + V3
Phủ định 	S + had + not (hadn’t) +V3
Nghi vấn	Had + S + V3?
2. Cách sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Usage)
	Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc một thời điểm khác trong quá khứ:
- We had had lunch when she arrived. (Khi cô ấy đến chúng tôi đã ăn trưa xong.)
- I went out for a walk with them after I had finished my essay. (Tôi đi dạo với họ sau khi tôi đã hoàn thành bài luận của mình.)
3. Dấu hiện nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành
	Trong câu thường có các từ: before, after, when, by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past 
	 C PRACTICE
TEST 1
2	PRONUNCIATION
Exercise 1: Mark the primary stress in each word. Number 1 is an example for you.
1. 	A. the'ology	B. bi'ology	C. metho'dology	D. a'nalogy
2. 	A. holography	B. ideography	C. telegraphy	D. tomography
3. 	A. technology	B. psychology	C. ideology	D. sociology
4. 	A. calligraphy	B. cartography	C. photography	D. chorography
5. 	A. cosmography	B. discography	C. lexicography	D. oceanography
Exercise 2: Choose the word that has different stress from the others.
1.	A. ecology 	B. environment 	C. cartography 	D. residential
2.	A. physiography 	B. alternatively 	C. criminology 	D. unsuccessfully
3.	A. temporary 	B. geology 	C. emergency 	D. geography
4.	A. astrology 	B. unnatural 	C. medication 	D. demography
5.	A. voluntary 	B. apology 	C. television 	D. nationalize
2	GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
Exercise 1: Match the descriptions (1-8) with the words (A-H).
No.
Description
Opt.
Word
1.
It is created when the surface layer of the ground collapses. It varies in size and is found all over the world. It is an area of ground that has no natural external surface drainage. When it rains, all of the water stays inside it and typically drains into the subsurface. It can vary from a few feet to hundreds of acres and from less than 1 to more than 100 feet deep.
A.
A thunderstorm
2.
The Earth has a crust under the oceans and the land that we live on. This crust made of massive areas of flat rock called tectonic plates, which float on the Earth’s mantle, the inside layer of the Earth. When the plates move slowly together, this movement forces energy through the crusts to the Earth’s surface. The energy causes the Earth to tremble and shake.
B.
A tornado
3.
It is a very bright flash of electricity that happens in a thunderstorm. It is actually a spark that crosses the gap between two clouds or between a cloud and the Earth. It carries an enormous charge of electricity. Trees are burned, metal can be melted and people can be killed.
C.
A hurricane
4.
It is caused by earthquakes at sea. It forms when energy from an earthquake displace hundreds of cubic kilometers of water from the seabed. Large waves begin moving through the ocean from their epicenters. When it reaches shallow water near coastal areas, it increases in height. The sign comes before it strikes when the waterline suddenly retreats, exposing hundreds of meters of beach and seabed.
D.
An earthquake
5.
It is a very violent windstorm. The air is concentrated and whirls up rapidly. It is grey in colour and looks like an elephant’s trunk swaying down from the clouds to touch the ground with its tip.
E.
A volcano
6.
It is a hill or mountain formed when molten material or lava from the inside of the Earth is forced through the Earth’s crust by gases. It can produce vast clouds of very fine volcanic dust which looks like smoke.
F.
A tsunami
7.
It is a storm where you hear thunder and see lightning. There is usually heavy rain. It is an electric storm.
G.
A sinkhole
8.
It is the most violent storm known on Earth. It is a tropical storm. It forms at sea and causes dangerous, stormy seas. It can reach the land and destroy buildings and trees. It can blow high waves onto the land and cause flooding.
H.
Lightning
Your answer:
	1. ..........................	 2. ..........................	 3. ..........................	4. ..........................
	5. ..........................	 6. ..........................	 7. ..........................	8. ..........................
Exercise 2: Choose the best option to complete each sentence.
1. 	A . is sudden flooding that occurs when water rises quickly within several hours of a heavy rain.
	A. quick flood	B. rapid flood	C. flash flood	D. hot flood
2.	Monsoon rains across Thailand . millions of people in 61 of its provinces.
	A. has affected	B. have affected	C. have effect	D. have influenced
3.	Typhoon Haiyan made the damage, and . of life became great in the Philippines.
	A. lose	B. loses	C. losing	D. loss
4.	Thanks to the extensive . measures taken, loss of life in Typhoon Xangsane in Da Nang and other provinces seemed to be relatively low.
	A. prevent	B. preventive	C. prevention	D. preventing
5. 	A number of other provinces will declare drought . in the coming weeks.
	A. accident	B. emergency	C. event	D. situation
6.	In some areas, human . can be a contributing factor in causing landslides.
	A. acts	B. actions	C. acting	D. activities
7.	The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area of frequent . and volcanic ., encircling the basin of the Pacific Ocean.
	A. floods-eruptions	B. earthquake-flood
	C. flood-eruption	D. earthquakes-eruptions
8.	Magma is the liquid rock inside a volcano, but lava is magma that . a volcano.
	A. flows	B. flows into	C. flows out	D. flows out of
9.	A soft, loose soil may . more intensely than hard rock at the same distance from the same earthquake.
	A. erupt	B. rage	C. shake	D. collapse 
10.	During the next 24 hours, the storm will be moving north, around 10 km per hour and is expected to . the southeastern part of China’s Guangdong Province.
	A. strike	B. scatter	C. bury	D. struck 
Exercise3: Choose the best option to complete each sentence.
1.	I was sure that I . the woman before.
	A. seen 	B. had seen 	C. have seen 	D. has see
2.	Tim wanted to know what . to his backpack.
	A. have happened	B. happened	C. had happened	D. happens
3.	Marcia . by the time we got there.
	A. left	B. leaves	C. have left	D. had left
4. 	I realized that I . the wrong book from the library.
	A. had taken	B. took	C. have taken	D. take
5.	Melissa ate the cake that I .	
	A. baked	B. have bake	C. bake	D. had baked
6.	The teacher asked why I . class early.
	A. have left	B. left	C. had left	D. leave
7.	What did Andrew say that he . with my CD? 
	A. had done 	B. did 	C. have done	D. has done
8. 	At the party yesterday Susan . some cake.
	A. have ate	B. have eaten	C. eat	D. ate
5. 	The teacher corrected the composition I .	
	A. have wrote	B. have written	C. had written	D. has written
10. The last time I was there it . a very good restaurant.
	A. had been	B. have been	C. been	D. was
Exercise 4: Choose the best option to complete each sentence.
l. 	She . the ocean before she moved to Vancouver.
	A. had never seen	B. never seen	C. have never seen	D. had never saw
2.	The teacher . out when I arrived in the classroom.
	A. goes	B. have gone	C. has gone	D. had gone
3.	I . my document before the power went out in the computer lab.
	A. had save	B. have saved	C. had saved	D. saved
4.	When they arrived we . the test.
	A. had already started	B. have already started
	C. starts	D. already starting
5.	George . his furniture before he moved to Japan.
	A. have sold	B. had sold	C. had sell	D. sells
6.	Larry . his homework already by the time Roy came over.
	A. have finish	B. finishes	C. had finish	D. had finished
7.	I . a little Spanish before I went to Mexico.
	A. study	B. had studied	C. had study	D. have studied
8.	Ruth . an Australian until she met John.
	A. had never met	B. have never met	C. never met	D. never have met
9.	I . such majestic mountains before I went to Banff.
	A. never seen	B. had never seen	C. never have seen	D. never saw
10.	. visited Toronto before your trip last summer?
	A. Have you ever	B. You had	C. Had ever you	D. Had you ever
Exercise 5: Choose the best option to complete each sentence.
1.	The manager insisted . me a position in the company.
	A. for offering	B. on offering	C. in offer	D. on offer
2.	The flight attendant reminded the man that smoking . there.
	A. was not allowed	B. is not allowed	C. not to allow	D. not allow
3.	The little boy begged the lady . some soup.
	A. give	B. gives	C. giving	D. to give
4. 	They invited me . the weekend with them.
	A. spends 	B. spend 	C. to spend 	D. spending
5. 	He reminded me . the letter.
	A. post 	B. to post	C. posting 	D. to posting
6.	I warned Jim . playing with the snakes.
	A. for 	B. in	C. of 	D. against
7. 	Mary apologized for . him earlier.
	A. not phoning	B. not phone	C. not to phone	D. not to phoning
8. 	She advised him . harder. 
	A. to study	B. to studying	C. study	D. studying
9. 	My mother asked me . the window.
	A. open	B. opening 	C. to opening	D. to open
10. Susan insisted on . Mary to the beach.	
	A. drive	B. driving	C. to drive	D. to driving
Exercise 6: Choose the best option to complete each sentence.
1. 	My wedding ring . of yellow and white gold.
	A. is made	B. is making	C. made	D. maked
2. 	If your brother ., he would come.
	A. invited	B. were invited	C. were inviting	D. invite
3.	References	. in the examination room.
	A. not are used	B. is not used	C. didn’t used	D. are not used
4.	Mary . in Boston.
	A. are born	B. were born	C. was born	B. born
5.	My mother is going . this house.
	A. sold	B. to be sold	C. to sold	D. to sell
6.	There’s somebody behind us. I think we are .
	A. being followed	B. are followed	C. follow	D. following
7.	Have you . by a dog?
	A. bite	B. ever been bit	C. ever been bitten	D. bit
8.	The room is being . at the moment.
	A. was cleaned	B. cleaned	C. cleaning	D. clean
9.	The road to our village . widened next year. 
	A. is	B. will	C. can	D. will be
10.	The old lady was . exhausted after the long walk.
	A. very	B. absolutely	C. pretty	D. fairly
Exercise 7: Choose the best option to complete each sentence.
1. 	The old man is said . all his money to an old people’s home when he died.	
	A. to leave 	B. to leaving	C. have left	D. to have left.	
2. 	Nobody was injured in the accident, .?
	A. was there	B. was he	C. were they 	D. weren’t they
3. 	Renoir’s paintings . masterpieces all over the world.	
	A. had considered 	B. are considered 	C. are considering	D. consider.
4.	He was advised . singing lessons.
	A. take 	B. taken 	C. taking 	D. to take
5.	You’d better get someone . your living room.
	 A. redecorate	B. redecorated 	C. to redecorate	D. redecorating.
6.	When .? In 1928.
	A. penicillin was discovered	B. did penicillin discovered.
	C. was penicillin discovered	D. did penicillin discover.
7.	I don’t remember .	of the decision to change the company policy on vacations. 
	A. telling	B. being told	C. to tell	D. to be told
8.	The children . to the zoo.
	A. were enjoyed taken 	B. enjoyed being taken
	C. were enjoyed taking 	D. enjoyed taking
9.	A new bike was bought . him on his birthday.
	A. to 	B. for 	C. with 	D. on
10.	His car needs .	
	A. be fixed 	B. fixing	C. to be fixing	D. fixed
Exercise 8: Choose the letter A, B, c or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each sentence.
1. 	I discovered that many strange things were happened last night. 
	A	B	C	D
2. 	He was seen go to the beach with some other people. 
	A 	B	C	D
3.	He is believed to work for the CIA in the 1970s.
	A	B	C	D
4.	We are not let to cycle in the park, are we?
	A	B	C	D
5.	You should get your car to service every two years.
	A	B	C	D
6.	Only coffee and dessert been severed at the reception yesterday.
	A	B	C	D
7.	When I have been finished my work, I’m going to take a walk.
	A	B	C	D
8.	Because we have a writing agreement, our landlord won’t be able to raise our rent for two 
	A	B 	C 	D
	years.
9.	The heel of my shoe broke off, then my dress got tore in the elevator door.
	A	B	C	D
10.	When I crossed the road I saw two men whose car was broken down.
	A	B	C	D
2	READING
Exercise 1: Choose the best option to answer each question.
EARTHQUAKES
	How can scientists predict earthquakes? Earthquakes are not scattered anywhere but happen in certain areas. They happen in places where pieces of the earth’s surface meet. For example, earthquakes often occur on the west-coast of North and South America, around the Mediterranean Sea, and along the Pacific coast of Asia.
	Another way to predict earthquakes is to look for changes in the earth’s surface, like a sudden drop of water level in the ground. Some people say animals can predict earthquakes. Before earthquakes people have seen chickens sitting in trees, fish jumping out of the water, snake leaving their holes and other animals acting strangely.
	After an earthquake happens, people can die from lack of food, water and medical supplies. The amount of destruction caused by an earthquake depend on types of building, soil conditions and population. Of the 6000 earthquakes on the earth each year, only about fifteen cause great damage and many deaths.
1.	Earthquakes happen in certain areas where .	
	A. the population is large	B. pieces of the earth’s surface meet
	C. the soil conditions are stable	D. many buildings are built
2.	Earthquakes often happen along .	 
	A. the east-coast of North America	B. the east-coast of South America
	C. the Pacific coast of Asia	D. the coast of Australia
3. 	Looking for . can help predict earthquakes.
	A. changes in the earth’s surface	B. water beneath the earth’s surface 
	C. drops of water	D. water currents
4.	After an earthquake, as a result of . people may die.
	A. lack of food	B. lack of corn	C. lack of money	D. lack of potatoes
5.	The passage mainly discusses .	
	A. the damage caused by earthquakes	B. how strong earthquakes are
	C. strange animal behaviors	D. how to predict earthquakes
Exercise 2: Choose the best option to complete the passage.
EL NINO
	El Nino is a weather phenomenon of the Pacific Ocean which is (l) . by an abnormal (2) . of water on the surface of the ocean. It has the (3) . to influence global weather patterns as it brings drought to some continents and (4) . rain to others. It was first (5) . by fishermen coming from Spanish ports in the Pacific in the 17th century. It got its name (Spanish for ‘boy child’) because it usually takes (6) . near Christmas time. It can cause catastrophic (7) . The 1982 El Nino (8) . in 1,500 deaths, but it can be a lot worse than that. Sea animals, (9) . fish and birds, also die in large numbers. It is (10) . that sailors in the Pacific can smell the dead sea- life during El Nino.
1. 	A. happened	B. caused	C. origin	D. done
2. 	A. increase	B. extra	C. heater	D. warming
3. 	A. proficiency 	B. power	C. practice	D. performance
4. 	A. wet	B. shower	C. plenty	D. heavy 
5. 	A. saw	B. noticed	C. caught	D. time 
6. 	A. away	B. care	C. part	D. place
7. 	A. damage	B. difficulty	C. hurt	D. problem 
8.	A. resulted 	B. led	C. caused	D. gave
9.	A. containing 	B. holding	C. including	D. involving
10.	A. said 	B. felt	C. told	D. mistaken
2	WRITING
Exercise 1: There is only one correct sentence among the four given ones. Choose the correct one.
1. 	A. When there is a flood, a lot of water covers an area.
	B. When there is an flood, a lot of water covers an area.
	C. When there is the flood, a lot of water covers an area.
	D. When there is flood, a lot of water covers an area.
2. 	A. A drought refer to a long time without rain.
	B. A drought refering to a long time without rain.
	C. A drought refered to a long time without rain.
	D. A drought refers to a long time without rain.
3. 	A. When there is landslide, a lot of rocks and earth fall up a hill.
	B. When there is landslide, a lot of rocks and earth fall down a hill.
	C. When there is landslide, a lot of rocks and earth fall over a hill.
	D. When there is landslide, a lot of rocks and earth fall behind a hill.
4.	A. A hurricane is a storm with a lot of wind that moving over water.
	B. A hurricane is a storm with a lot of wind that move over water.
	C. A hurricane is a storm with a lot of wind that moves over water.
	D. A hurricane is a storm with a lot of wind that moved over water.
5.	A. A tornado is a storm in which the air moves very quick in a circle.
	B. A tornado is a storm in which the air moves very quickly in a circle.
	C. A tornado is a storm in which the air moves very fast in a circle.
	D. A tornado is a storm in which the air moves very fastly in a circle.
6.	A. Four forest fires in 10 days destroyed 300 hectares of trees at Karnataka.
	B. Four forest fires in 10 days destroyed 300 hectares of trees on Karnataka.
	C. Four forest fires in 10 days destroyed 300 hectares of trees in Karnataka.
	D. Four forest fires in 10 days destroyed 300 hectares of trees with Karnataka.
7.	A. The heavy rain has raged for 12 hours and some streets have been completely flooded.
	B. The heavy rain has raged for 12 hours and some streets have completely flooded.
	C. The heavy rain has raged for 12 hours and some streets had been completely flooded.
	D. The heavy rain has raged for 12 hours and some streets have being completely flooded.
8.	A. In about 20 minutes, a tsunami will strike the Japanese coastline. 
	B. In about 20 minutes, a tsunami will strikes the Japanese coastline.
	C. In about 20 minutes, a tsunami will striking the Japanese coastline.
	D. In about 20 minutes, a tsunami will striked the Japanese coastline.
9.	A. Flooded residents were evacuated near their homes in boats.
	B. Flooded residents were evacuated from on homes in boats.
	C. Flooded residents were evacuated from their about in boats.
	D. Flooded residents were evacuated from their homes in boats.
10.	A. Your furniture will shake and start to moves across the floor during an earthquake.
	B. Your furniture will shake and start to moving across the floor during an earthquake.
	C. Your furniture will shake and start to move across the floor during an earthquake.
	D. Your furniture will shake and start to moved across the floor during an earthquake.
Exercise 2: Put the words and phrases in the correct order.
1.	a. some towns across Southern Africa 	b. after three years of drought,
	c. to import water.	d. have already had
	A. b-a-c-d	B. b-a-d-c	C. a-b-d-c	D. b-d-a-c
2. 	a. that burned 	b. there were forest fires 
	c. across Northern California, 	d. almost 1,200,000 acres
	A. b-a-d-c	B. b-a-c-d	C. a-b-d-c	D. b-d-a-c
3. 	a. in the months of
	b. normally, the Northeastern Pacific typhoons 
	c. June to November.
	d. may occur 
	A. b-d-c-a 	B. d-b-a-c 	C. b-a-d-c 	D. b-d-a-c 	 
4. 	a. and animals 	b. into the air
	c. tornadoes can lift cars, 	d. mobile homes
	A. c-d-b-a 	B. d-c-a-b	C. c-d-a-b 	D. c-a-d-b
5. 	a. within a very short duration of time 	b. such as a few hours 
	c. these floods mostly occur 	d. or even minutes.
 	A. c-a-d-b 	B. a-c-b-d 	C. c-b-a-d 	D. c-a-b-d
6. 	a. areas, 	b. usually occur	c. mudslides	d. in hilly
	A- c-b-d-a 	B. c-b-a-d	C. b-c-d-a 	D. c-d-b-a
7.	a. release within the	b. an earthquake is
	c. surface of the earth.	d. the result of sudden energy
	A. b-d-c-a 	B. b-d-a-c 	C. d-b-a-c 	D. b-a-d-c
8.	a. in 1960, a great tsunami generated in Chile,
	b. and killed
	c. hundreds of people.
	d. reached Japan
	A. a-d-c-b 	B. d-a-b-c 	C. a-b-d-c 	D. a-d-b-c
9.	a. occurs when hot rocks	b. and lava burst
	c. a volcanic eruption 	d. from a volcano.
	A. c-a-b-d 	B. c-a-d-b 	C. a-c-b-d 	D. c-b-a-d
10.	a. have damaged	b. rain and winds in May
	c. hectares of crops.	d. about 3,000
	A. b-a-c-d 	B. a-b-d-c 	C. b-a-d-c 	D. b-d-a-c
TEST 2
2	PRONUNCIATION
Exercise 1: Mark the primary stress in each word. Number 1 is an example for you.	
1. 	A. chro'nology	B. pa'thology	C. mor'phology 	D. crimi'nology
2. 	A. photography	B. pictography	C. radiography	D. biography
3. 	A. apology	B. terminology	C. anthropology	D. geology
4. 	A. ecology	B. mythology	C. archaeology	D. biotechnology
5.	A. epigraphy	B. geography	C. demography	D. biography
Exercise 2: Choose the word that has different stress from the others.	
1. 	A. yesterday	B. geography	C. attitude	D. evening
2. 	A. guidance	B. awful	C. safety	D. ecology
3. 	A. photography	B. license	C. member	D. painting
4.	A. color 	B. passion	C. psychology 	D. pattern
5.	A. example 	B. exercise	C. exactly	D. exporting	
2	GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
Exercise 1: Put the correct words (A-J) in the blanks (1-10).
No.
Sentence
Opt.
Word
1.
Cardiff is the largest city and also the ......... of Wales.
A.
variety
2.
The most ......... sport in Canada is ice hockey.
B.
landscapes
3.
The capital city of New Zealand is Wellington ......... the largest city is Auckland.
C.
area
4.
The Scottish Highland are a ......... region of Scotland.
D.
development
5.
A ......... of wildlife can be found in Scotland, including seals, mountain hares, and the golden eagles.
E.
capital
6.
Rugby is the most popular spectator sport in New Zealand ......... football, cricket, netball, golf are popular among participants.
F.
but
7.
Australia is the world’s sixth largest country by ......... while Canada is the second.
G.
diverse
8.
Australia has a range of different ........., including urban areas, mountain ranges, desert and rain forests.
H.
popular
9.
The United States is a ........ country with a multicultural society.
I.
while
10.
The US was the leading force behind the ......... of the Internet.
J.
mountainous
Your answer:
	1. ......................	 2. .....................	3. .....................	4. .....................	5. ...................
	6. ......................	 7. .....................	8. .....................	9. .....................	10. .................
Exercise 2: Choose the correct preposition to complete each sentence.
1.	Cheques are useful . travellers.
	A. with	B. to	C. for	D.	on
2.	Are you successful . your experiment?
	A. on	B. in	C. at	D.	to
3.	She got back safe . her adventure.
	A. for	B. from	C. with	D. to
4.	It was very lucky . me that my bag was found.
	A. to	B. for	C. of	D.	with
5.	He seems friendly . everyone in the village.
	A. on	B. to	C. for	D.	about
6.	She was sad . my refusal.
	A. about	B. for	C. with	D. to
7.	Quang Linh is popular . folk songs.
	A. with	B. for	C. to	D. in
8.	The student is quick . understanding what the teacher explains.
	A. with 	B. at 	C. on	D. to
9.	The story is very pleasant . us.
	A. to	B. with 	C. for	D. in
10. He is very kind . me.
	A. at	B. of	C. with	D. to
Exercise 3: Choose the correct form of the verbs in brackets: Past perfect and Past perfect continuous.
1.	He . (marry) her two years before we met.
	A. had married	B. had been marrying
2.	James told me you . (buy) the old vicarage two years before.
	A. had bought	B. had been buying
3.	I wish we . (buy) it before.
	A. had bought	B. had been buying
4.	When I arrived at the station, the train . (leave).
	A. had left	B. had been leaving
5.	He . (play) tennis for 4 hours when he broke his leg. 
	A. had played	B. had been playing
6.	The dog came into the house once she . (finish) the housework.
	A. had finished	B. had been finishing
7. 	He . (drive) his car for 10 minutes when he realized it had a flat tyre.
	A. had driven	B. had been driving
8.	She . (throw) the letter away when she noticed it was not important.
	A. had thrown	B. had been throwing
9.	He . (swim) for 15 minutes when he understood he had lost his swimsuit.
	A. had swim	B. had been swimming
10.	It . (rain) for one hour when the wind started to blow. 
	A. had rained	B. had been raining
Exercise 4: Choose the best option to complete each sentence. 
1.	Sam washed the car after he . it with gas.
	A. had filled	B. have filles	C. fills	D. filled
2.	Frank left the table after he . eating.
	A. finishes	B. have finished	C. finish	D. had finished
3.	By the time my wife came home, I . the laundry
	A. do	B. had done	C. did	D. have done
4.	I went to work after I . dog.
	A. had walked	B. walks	C. have walked	D. walks
5. 	Susan was late. By the time she got to school the class . already.
	A. have started	B. starts	C. was starting	D. had started
6.	We watched TV after our daughter . to bed.
	A. had gone	B. go	C. have went	D. goes
7. 	We . that car for ten years before we sold it.
	A. have	B. did have	C. had	D. had had
8.	By the time Maria finished her report, she ............. working on the computer for over three hours.
	A. be	B. has	C. had been	D. have been
9.	She . Victoria once in 1993 before she moved there in 1996.
	A. visit	B. have visited	C. had visited	D. visits
10.	Minh . as a carpenter before he was laid off.
	A. works	B. have worked	C. work	D. had worked
Exercise 5: Choose the best option to complete each sentence.
1.	Huong congratulated me on . the entrance exam.
	A. to pass	B. to passing	C. passing	D. passed
2.	Mr Smith thanked Linda . inviting him to the party. 
	A. for	B. of	C. on	D. to
3.	Mary refused . me any more money.
	A. to lend	B. to lending	C. lend	D. lending
4.	The teacher told his students . all the homework before they . to class.
	A. do/ come 	B. to do/ come	C. to do/ came	D. do/ came
5. 	The supervisor apologized . 
	A. for be late 	B. for being late	C. on being late	D. on be late
6.	The father told his son . his time . games all day.
	A. not to waste/ play	B. not to waste/playing	
	C. not waste/play	D. not waste/ playing
7. 	The lecturer told the students not to hesitate to ask if they . a question.
	A. have 	B. has	C. to have 	D. had
8.	My mother advised me . hope.	
	A. not lose	B. not to lose	C. not losing	D. not to losing
9.	She said she would visit me .	.
	A. following day	B. the next day	C. tomorrow 	D. next day
10.	He said he . a busy day.
	A. had had	B. have had	C. did have	D. has had.
Exercise 6: Choose the best option to complete each sentence.
1. 	America . by Columbus in 1492.
	A. are discovered	B. were discovering	C. is discovered	D. was discovered
2. 	Parrots and crows . the most intelligent birds.
	A. were considering	B. are considered	C. considered	D. was considered
3.	I still can’t believe! My bicycle . last night.
	A. was stolen	B. was stealing	C. were stolen	D. stole
4. 	Many traffic accidents .by dangerous driving.	
	A. cause	B. caused	C. are caused	D. which are caused.
5.	Many US automobiles . in Detroit, Michigan.
	A. manufacture	B. are manufactured
	C. have manufactured	D. are manufacturing
6.	Grass . by fat cows on the green meadow.
	A. are eaten	B. was being eaten	C. were being eat	D. was been eaten
7.	So much progress . that there may be space-flights to Mars.
	A. is being made	B. are being made	C. will be made	D. will being made
8.	Many people believe we can look forward to the day wh