Đề cương ôn tập học kì II môn Tiếng Anh 8

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ƠN TẬP MƠN TIẾNG ANH 8 HỌC KÌ II
The Basic Tenses
Tenses
Form
Trạng từ 
Cách dùng và ví dụ
1.The Simple present
(Hiện tại đơn))
S + Vs/es
S+do/does not+ V
Do/Does+ S+ V? 
always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes =occasionally, rarely
=seldom, once or twice a week, never..
* Chỉ 1 thĩi quen ở hiện tại.
 - ex: He usually (go) goes to school in the morning
* 1 sự thật khơng thay đổi.
 - ex: The sun (rise) rises in the East.
2. The Present Continuous
(Hiện tại tiếp diễn)
 S+ am/is/ are+ V-ing
 S +am/is/are + not+V-ing
 Am/is/are+ S+ V-ing?
at the moment, at the time, Verb! (look!, listen!, be quiet)
at present = now
* Cho hành động đang xảy ra ở thời điểm đang nĩi.
- It (rain) is raining now.
- Lan (eat) is eating at preent
- Listen! She (sing) is singing
3. The Present
Perfect 
(Hiện Tại Hồn Thành) 
S + have/has + V3/Ved
S + have/has +not+ V3/V-ed
Have/Has +S + V3/V-ed?
for + khoảng t.gian
since + Mốc t.gian
never, ever, just = recently = lately, so far = up to now = up to the present= until now, already, yet, this is the first time ...., several times.
* Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong qúa khứ nhưng t.gian khơng xác định.
ex: She (visit) has visited Ha Long Bay several times. 
* Chỉ hành động bắt đầu ở qúa khứ mà cịn tiếp tục kéo dài đến hiện tại.
- We (learn) have learnt English for 7 years.
- My mother (be) has been sick sinse yesterday
- Lan (just buy) has just bought a new shirt.
4. The Simple Past
( Qúa khứ đơn)
S + V2/V-ed
S + did + NOT + bare-V
Did +S + bare- V?
- Yessterday, last (last week /month/ year...), ago, in + year(in 2000...)
* Diễn tả hành động xảy ra ở 1 thời gian xác định trong QK.
- She (meet) met him yesterday.
- Mr Pike (stay) stayed here last nigh
5. The Past Continuous (Qúa khứ tiếp diễn)
S + was/ were + V-ing
S +was/were+ not+V-ing
Was/ were + S + V-ing?
At 5 P.m/ at 5 o’clock + Thời gian trong QK, all day yesterday.
When, as, while.
* Chỉ 1 hành động đang xảy ra ở 1 thời điểm xác định trong QK
- At this time last night, she (study) was studying lessons at home.
* Chỉ 2 hành động xảy ra song song ở QK
- My mother (cook) was cooking while my father (watch) was watching TV.
* Chỉ 1 hành động đang xảy ra thì cĩ 1 hành động khác xảy đến
-When he ( drive) was driving, he (see) saw a serious accident.
6. The simple future (Tương Lai đơn)
S + will/ shall + V
 S + will/shall + not +V
Will/Shall + S +V?
Tomorrow, next (next week/ month/ year...), someday,...
Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong tương laii.
- Tomorrow he (visit ) will visit me.
- She (stay) will stay at home next Monday.
*Drill :Chia thì đúng cho các câu sau :
1 .It started to rain while I (walk).................................... to school .
2 .She (not /finish) ....................................her homework yet .
3 Nga and Lan (do)..................................... the homework at 8 o’clock last night.
4 .Oh dear ! They always (go )........................................ to class late.
5. When Mr Tuan (arrive )................................... home ,his children (watch ) a film on TV.
6 .What you (do).................................. at this time last Sunday ?
 -We ( collect )........................... waste paper for recycling.
7 . He (be )........................... in Viet Nam for two weeks .
8 .Yesterday Ba (ask ) .................................me to go to the station with him . but I ( not/ want ) to leave the house because I (wait )............................for a call.
9 .I (already /see )............................. that film.
10 .Mrs Quyen (do ) ...................shopping while Mr Thanh ( attend )...................... a business meeting.
11. Last night when we came to visit him, he (do)............................ an experiment on the upstairs.
12. Mr Ba (not go).............................. out since he has bought a new color television.
13. They often go to school by bike, but yesterday they (walk)......................... to school.
14. We can't (go)................................ out because it is raining now.
2. PHRASE OF PURPOSE AND ADJECTIVES
A-Adjective Followed By An Infinitive : 
 Form: It’s + adjective + to-V(nt)
Ex: It’s difficult to do that exercise.	 ( Làm bài tập đĩ rất khĩ.)
Những Adjectives thường gặp:
Easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, important, necessary, lovely, interesting, nice, great
 => It’s + adj + to V
B- Adjective Followed By A Noun Clause: 
 Form: S+ V+ adj + clause
Ex: I’m sure that they will come.	 (Tơi chắc chắn họ sẽ đến.)
 Adjectives thương gặp trong cấu trúc::
happy, delighted, sad, sure, certain, relieved, afraid, sorry
3. PHRASE OF PURPOSE
Ta : so as (not) to + Vo hoặc in order (not) to + Vo :nhằm diễn tả mục đích
Ex: - I study hard in order to pass the exam.
I study hard so as to pass the exam
4/PASSIVE VOICE ( Câu bị động )
 a/ Simple present tense 
 ( A ) S + V 1 /V –es /s + O + (M )
 (P ) S + is /am are + p.p(V-ed / V3)+ (M ) + by + O
b/ Simple past tense :
 (A ) S+ V-ed /V2 + O + ( M )
 (P ) S +was /were + p.p (V-ed / V3) + ( M ) + by + O
c / Modal verbs : Will / Shall /Could /Must/ Should 
 (A ) S + Modal verb +V1 + O + (M )
 (P ) S + Modal verb +be +p.p + ( M ) + by + O
 d / Present perfect tense :
 ( A ) S + have /has +p.p + O + ( M )
 ( P ) S + have / has + been + p.p + (M ) + by + O
e/present progressive:
S+ is/am/are + V-ing + O
(P)	S+ is/am/are+ being+ Ved/p.p + by O
*Drill : Chuyển những câu sau sang bị động :
1.My father bought this house two years ago 
2 .We have done these exercises carefully.
3 .People recycle car tires to make pipes.
4. The workers will build a new school in my town.
5 .Franz Gruber wrote the Christmas carol in the 19th century 
6. People can reuse milk bottles for thirty times .
7. People speak English in the world .
8 .The boy has broken the classroom window.
9 .I got his letter this morning.
10. They make these cars in Japan
5.Indirect speech (Câu gián tiếp)
 Cách chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp:
 a. Thay đổi về thì Is/am/are	was/ were
	 V1/ V-es/s	V2/V-ed
	 Don’t /doesn’t	Didn’t
 Will Would
	 Can	Could
 Must Had to
b. Thay đổi đại từ : Phụ thuộc vào chủ ngữ của mệnh đề chính
 I He /she
 We They
 He /She /they He /She /They 
c. Thay đổi từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian
 This That
 Here There
 Now Then
 Today That day
 Tomorrow The next day/ the following day 
 Cách chuyển câu hỏi Yes /No sang câu gián tiếp
 S+ V + O + If /Whether + S + V 
 Said asked /wanted to know
*Drill : Chuyển những câu sau sang câu gián tiếp 
Mai said “We are going to have an English –speaking club “
“I will come here tomorrow “ said Tim
She aksed me “Do you know him? “
My friend told me “ I can repair the bike myself “
My friend said “ after Tet every thing is expensive “
“ Is Phong Nha Cave far from HaNoi , Lan ? “ Peter aksed 
The teacher said to Nam “ You must study harder in English “
 “ Do many tourists visit Ha Long Bay every year , Nga ? “ Mary aksed 
Nam said “ My sister likes cooking “
 My mother said “ I want our house to look clean and nice at Tet “
6/Present participle and past participle used as Adjectives
a. Present participle : V-ing (active meaning ) đang
b. Past participle : V –ed /V3 (passive meaning ) bị ,được
Cĩ 2 loại Participle Phrases : Present Participle Phrases và Past Participle Phrases.
a. Present Participle Phrases: hiện tại phân từ diễn tả ý chủ động (Active), hoặc đang làm gì Thường dùng với người.
- The boy standing over there is Jack.
- The boys playing in the garden are his sons.
b.Past Participle Phrases: qua khứ phân từ dùng diễn tả ý thụ động (Passive). Thường dùng với đồ vật.
The car made from recycled aluminum cans is 5 dollars.
The doll dressed in blue is Mary’s.
*Drill : kết hợp những cặp câu sau dùng hiện tại phân từ hoặc quá khứ phân từ
1.The man is standing near the window . He is Nam
2 .A car was made in Japan . It was very expensive 
3 .The film was shown on TV last night .It won the first prize in the film festival last year
4. A man is working in the garden .He is my grand father 
5. A window was broken in the storm last night .It has been repaired
7/ The forms of verbs :
 S + want /aks /tell / get / advice / start /begin /decide /try /allow + To –infinitive ( V1)
 S +V + (O) + wh-question+ to-V1
 S +will /shall /can /should /could /ought to /must /might + bare-infinitive (V1)
 S + used to / have to / be going to + V1
 S + be+ Adj + to –infinitive(V1)
 S+ be+ adj +enough +for+ O + To-V1
 Too +adj
S + enjoy like/love/dislike/hate /finish /mind /spend + V –ing 
8/ Compound –Noun :
 Noun + V –ing (adj ) 
 A /an + N + V-ing + N 
 Compound -noun 
Eg :rice-cooking , fire – making , car –making 
*Drill : Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng tính từ kép :
It is a farm which raises chickens
Viet Nam is a country which exports rice 
It is a contest in which participants have to cook rice 
This is a machine which is used to wash clothes
It is a festival in which people have their cocks fight against each other
9 / Requests ,offers and promises 
a. Request : Can /Could you + V ?
 Will /Would you please + V ..?
 Sure / OK /All right /
 I’m sorry I can’t /I’m afraid not
 Would /Do you mind + V –ing.?
 Do you mind if I + V ..?
 Would you mind if I + V (simple past ) ?
 No, I don’t mind /No, of course not /Not at all /Please do 
 I ‘d rather you didn’t /I’d prefer you didn’t
b. Offers : Would you like + to – V..?
 Shall I /Can I + V .?
 Will you /Won’t you + V?
 Yes, please /That would be nice /No , thank you
c. Promises : I promise I will + V 
 I won’t + V 
 I hope so /Good / I’m glad /Don’t forget 
10- Câu Yêu Cầu, Đề Nghị, Phàn Nàn:
Chúng ta cĩ thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây để đưa ra 1 lời đề nghị hoặc yêu cầu. 
 Lưu ý động từ đứng sau mind phải ở dạng V-ing (Gerund)
Cơng thức: Do you mind 
 Would you mind	
 - Do you mind opening the window? 	 (Phiền bạn mở dùm cửa sổ.)
 - Would you mind opening the window? (Phiền bạn mở dùm cửa sổ.)
Cơng thức: Do you mind if + S + Vs/es
 Would you mind if + S + V2/ed
Do you mind if I open the window?	(Tơi mở cửa sổ cĩ phiền cho bạn khơng?)
Would you mind if I opened the window? 	(Tơi mở cửa sổ cĩ phiền cho bạn khơng?)
*-Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với “Always”: Mang ý nghĩa than phiền về điều gì:
 S + am/ is / are + always + V ing	
Ex: You are always getting up late in winter.
11. Compound words with noun V-ing / To-infinitive
A. Questions words before to-infinitives: Wh-word (What, Where, When, Why, Who)+ to-infinitive
Những động từ thường dùng trong cấu trúc này là: tell, show, point out, learn 
He told me what to do.
He showed us how to open the box.
He pointed out where to get tickets.
B. Verb + to-infinitive
Những động từ thường dùng trong cấu trúc này là:
start, begin, decide, want, try, manage, would like, agree, advice, ask
I want to buy a new shirt.
He decided to go home.
They started to run.