Chuyển đổi từ hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn (và ngược lại ) trong Tiếng Anh 8

CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH SANG QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN ( VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI )
1. This is the first time I have seen him (đây là lần đầu tơi thấy anh ta )
=>I have never seen him before. ( tơi chưa bao giờ thấy anh ta trước đây )
Mẫu này cĩ dạng :
Đây là lần đầu tiên ... làm chuyện đĩ => ...chưa bao giờ làm chuyện đĩ trước đây.
 	The first time + S + have/has + V3 / ed + 
	à S + have / has + never + V3 / ed ...before
2.I started / began studying English 3 years ago. (tơi bắt đầu học TA cách đây 3 năm )
=> I have studied English for 3 years. ( tơi học TA được 3 năm )
Mẫu này cĩ dạng :
...bắt đầu làm gì đĩ cách đây + khoảng thời gian  => .. đã làm chuyện đĩ for + khoảng thời gian
Nếu khơng cĩ ago mà cĩ when + mệnh đề thì giữ nguyên mệnh đề chỉ đổi when thành since 
S + started / began + V ( ing)/ To + V(inf) + thời gian trong quá khứ 
à S + have / has + V(ed/c3) + for / since + thời gian
3. I last saw him when I was a student.( lần cuồi cùng tơi thấy anh ta là khi tơi là SV ) 
=> I haven't seen him since I was a student.( tơi đã khơng thấy anh ta từ khi tơi là SV ) 
Mẫu này cĩ dạng :
Lần cuối cùng làm chuyện đĩ là khi .... => ..khơng làm chuyện đĩ từ khi ....
Last : lần cuối. 	Since : từ khi 
 S1 + last + V2 / ed + when + S2 + V2 / ed .. 
à S1 + have / has + V3 / ed + since + S2 + V2 / ed ..
4. The last time she went out with him was two years ago
(Lần cuối cơ ta đi chơi với anh ta cách đây 2 năm )
She hasn't gone out with him for two years.( cơ ta đã khơng đi chơi với anh ta đã 2 năm nay )
 The last time + S + V2 / ed +  + was + thời gian trong quá khứ
à S + haven’t/ hasn’t + V3 / ed +  + for / since + thời gian
5. It's ten years since I last met him.(đã 10 năm từ khi tơi gặp anh ta lần cuối )
=> I haven't met him for ten years . ( tơi đã khơng gặp anh ta 10 năm rồi )
Mẫu này cĩ dạng :
Đã ..khoảng thời gian từ khi làm gì đĩ lần cuối => ..khơng làm việc đĩ được + khoảng thời gian
It's + thời gian + since + S + last + V2 / ed +  
à S + haven't / hasn’t + V3 / ed + + for / since + thời gian
6. When did you buy it ? ( bạn đã mua nĩ khi nào ?
=> How long have you bought ? ( bạn đã mua nĩ được bao lâu ? )
Mẫu này cĩ dạng :when : thì dùng quá khứ đơn 	à How long : thì dùng hiện tại hồn thành
When + did + S + V0 / Vs / es .. ? / How long ago + did + S + V0?
=> How long + have / has + S + V3 / ed ?
	BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
I. Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from others: 
1. A. wanted 	B. washed 	C. worked 	 D. stopped
2. A. cycled	B. stayed	C. decided	 D. played
3. A. who	B. when	C. where	 D. what 
4. A. watched	B. danced	C. walked	 D. bored
5. A. needed	 B. decided	 C. played D. wanted
6. A. provided 	B. started 	 C. worked 	 D. decided
7. A. closed	 B. played	C. stopped	 D. stayed
8. A. whole	 B. why	C. what	 D. when 
9. A. looked B. lived	 C. laughed D. watched
10. A. started 	B. decided 	 C. worked 	 D. waited
II. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others.
1.A. silent	 B. noisy	C. pretty	D. polite
2. A. station	 B. season	C. sandal	D. police
3.A. agree 	B. hurry 	 C. enter 	D. visit
4.A. describe	B. fasten	C. listen	D. hover
5.A. degree B. student	C. funny	D. widen
6.A. traffic	 B. dancer	C. cycling	D. balloon
7. A. central	 B. gripping	C. complete	D. boring
8.A. answer B. listen 	C. enter 	 D. obey
9.A. station 	 B. healthy	 C. safety	D. alone
10.A. tidy	 B. complete	 C. extend	D. mistake 
III. Put the correct form of the verb in brackets. 
1.Nam often ( play) ________________________ soccer in the afternoon.
2.My father used to (go) _____________________swimming when he was a child.
3.What about ( go) ____________________ to the zoo on Sunday evening ?
4. Tien Dung goalkeeper ( live ) _____________________ Thanh Hoa city since 1997. 
5.I used to ( go) ____________________ to the zoo on Sundays when I was a child.
6.Xuan Truong footballer ( play) ________________________ soccer beautifully last Saturday.
7.Nam used to (go) _____________________fishing when he was a child.
8.They (learn ) _____________________ English for five years.
9.How about ( go) ____________________ to the zoo on Sunday evening ?
10.Quang Hai footballer ( play) ________________________ soccer beautifully last Saturday.
11.I ( meet ) ______________________ her at the movie theater last night.
12.He ( go ) ___ to the English club every Sunday. But last Sunday he ( not go ) ________ there, he went to the City’s museum.
13.Two years ago, she ( teach ) ______________________ at a village school.
14.What __________you (do) ____________ yesterday morning?
15.We ( travel ) ______________________ to Hue next month.
16.My mother ( not like ) ______________________ riding a motorbike.
17.When my father was young, he (drink ) _____________________ a lot of beer.
18.Nam ( study ) ______________________ homework in the living room now.
19.Be careful ! The car ( come ) ______________________ .
20.My mother ( go ) ______________________ to the supermarket yesterday evening.
IV. Supply the correct form of the words in the brackets: 
 1. He is laughing ________because he has just got a bad mark.	 HAPPY
 2. Life in the countryside is more ________now. COMFORT
 3. Mai is taking part in a flower - ________contest next weekend. ARRANGE
 4. Tet holiday is one of the most important ________ for Vietnamese people. CELEBRATE
 5. I couldn’t make friends with him because he is ________ . FRIEND
 6. My house is on the top of a hill, so it is ________in the fall. 	 WIND
 7. Picasso is a famous ________. His pictures are invaluable. 	 ART
 8. Their children have quite _________ characters. DIFFERENCE
 Your answer:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
V. Read the following text carefully and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each of the gap.
When you are in Hong Kong, you can go about (1) _________taxi , by bus, or by underground. 
I myself prefer the underground (2) ______ it is fast, easy and cheap. There are (3) ______ buses and taxis in Singapore and one cannot drive along the road (4) ______ and without many stops, especially on the Monday morning. The underground is therefore usually quicker (5) _______ taxis or buses. If you do not know Singapore very well, it is difficult (6) _______ the bus you want. You can take a taxi , but it is (7) _______ expensive than the underground or a bus . On the underground, you find good maps that tell you the names of the stations and show you how to get to them, so that it is easy (8) _______ your way.
1. A. at 	B. in 	C. by
2. A. but 	B. because 	C. when
3. A. many 	B. a lot 	C. few
4. A. quick 	B. quickly 	C. quicker
5. A. so 	B. like 	 C. than
6. A. to find 	B. find 	C. finding
7. A. less 	B. more 	C. most
8. A. to find 	B. find 	 C. finding
VI. Read the following passage then choose the correct answer A,B,C or D. 
How Nam has improved his English.
 In the first year of lower secondary school, I had some difficulties in learning English. My English pronunciation was really bad and my English grammar was worse. I did not know how to improve them. I didn’t want my father and mother to know about this. One afternoon after the lesson, my teacher of English told me to wait for her outside the classroom. She took me to the school library and showed me tapes of pronunciation drills kept in a glass bookcase. She also told me how to use an English-English dictionary to improve my English grammar. “Now I think you know what you should do”; she said. I made much progress and only one year later, I won the first prize in the English -Speaking Contest held for secondary school students in my hometown.
 1. What problems did Nam have in learning English in the first year?
A. The pronunciation B. The grammar
C. Both pronunciation and grammar D. The way of improving his pronunciation
 2. Who wanted to meet him one afternoon after the lesson?
A. His form teacher B. His friends
C. His father D. His teacher of English 
 3. Where did Nam and his teacher go after that?
A. to the town library B. to the school library
C. to the teachers’ room D. to his house
 4. What did the teacher show him then?
A. A glass bookcase B. An English-English dictionary
C. An English Grammar book D. Cassettes of pronunciation drills
 5. What did he win in the English - Speaking Contest one year later?
A. The first prize B. The second prize
C. The third prize D. The fourth prize 
VII. Rewrite the following sentences with the words given: 
1. They began building this house 2 months ago
They have . 
2. My father started to work in this factory last week
My father has.
3. He started living in Ho Chi Minh city when he was 8
 He has .
4. He learnt English when he was 18
 He has .
5. They have worked in that factory for five years.
They began ..
6. We have learnt English for four years.
We started.............................................................................................................................
7.My father started to give up smoking last year.
My father has..........................................................................................................................
8.They have worked in that factory since 2001.
They started...........................................................................................................................
9. Lan hasn't written to Maryam for a month.
Lan didn't..............................................................................................................................
10. He has lived in Ha Noi since he was 12.
He started..............................................................................................................................
11. I haven't met her for a long time.
I didn't......................................................................................................................................
12. How long have you learnt French ?
How long ago........................................................................................................................?
13. How long have you bought this car ?
-->When did..........................................................................................................................?
14. When did you start to listen to classical music ?
-->How long ..........................................................................................................................?
15. I saw her 10 years ago.
I haven't..................................................................................................................................