Chuyên đề tự học môn Tiếng Anh - Chuyên đề I: Ngữ âm Phonetics - Bài 1: Bản phiên âm quốc tế - Đỗ Bình

CHUYấN ĐỀ I – PHONETICS - CHUYấN ĐỀ VỀ NGỮ ÂM
BÀI 1. PHONETIC SYMBOLS - BẢNG PHIấN ÂM QUỐC TẾ
1. The symbols vowel sounds (Cỏc kớ hiệu phiờn õm của cỏc nguyờn õm):
1.1. The symbols of pure vowel sounds (Cỏc kớ hiệu phiờn õm của cỏc nguyờn õm đơn):
Symbols of the sounds
(Kớ hiệu)
In
letters 
(Chữ cỏi 
thể hiện)
Examples in words
(Vớ dụ cụ thể trờn cỏc từ)
/ І /
or
/ i /
a
village /’vilidʒ/
package /’pổkidʒ/
assemblage /ә’semblidʒ/
e
pretty /’priti/
represent
deliver /di’livә(r)/
i
sit /sit/
little /’litl/
simple /’simpl/
y
happy /’hổpi/
easy /’i:zi/
usually /’ju:ʊli/
/ i: /
ea
lead /li:d/
seaside /’si:said/
meaningful /’mi:niŋfʊl/
ee
meet /mi:t/
sheep /ʃi:p/
steel /sti:l/
/ e /
a
many /’meni/
any/eni/
manifold /’menifәʊld/
e
send /send/
recommend
comprehend /kәmpri’hend/
ea
head /hed/
spread /spred/
headache /‘hedeik/
/ ổ /
a
land /lổnd/
brandy /’brổndi/
sandy /’sổndi/
/ ɔ /
o
pot /pɔt /
spot /spɔt /
slot /slɔt /
a
wash /wɔʃ /
what /wɔt /
watch /wɔtʃ/
/ ɔ: /
a
talk /tɔ:k/
walk /wɔ:k/
water /’wɔ:tә(r)/
aw
saw /sɔ:/
lawn /lɔ:n/
pawn /pɔ:n/
oa
broad /brɔ:d/
broaden/’brɔ:dn/
abroad /ә’brɔ:d/
oo
door /dɔ:(r)/
floor /flɔ:(r)/
floorage /’flɔ:ridʒ/
or
fork /fɔ:k/
sport /spɔ:t/
transport /’trổnspɔ:t/
ou
fought /fɔ:t/
thought /θɔ:t/
bought /bɔ:t/
/ L /
o
some /sLm/
come /kLm/
done /dLn/
u
shut /ʃLt/
muddy /’mLdi/
budget /’bLdʒit/
oo
blood /blLd/
flood /flLd/
bloodless /blLdlis/
ou
tough /tLf/
enough /i’nLf/
rough /rLf/
/ ɑ: /
a
task /ta:sk/
fast /fa:stk/
broadcast /br ɔ:d’ka:st/
ar
card /ka:d/
retard /ri’ta:d/
farther /’fa:dәr/
ear
heart /ha:t/
hearten /’ha:tәn/
hearth /ha:θ/
/ ʊ /
or
/ u /
u
pull /pʊl/
push /pʊʃ/
pullet /’pʊlet/
oo
good /gʊd/
cook /kʊk/
look /lʊk/
ou
could /kʊld/
would /wʊld/
should /ʃʊld/
/ u: /
u
frugal /’fru:gәl/
conclude /kɔn’klu:d/
illusion /i’lu:ʃn/
oe
shoe /ʃu: /
shoebill /’ʃu:bil/
shoemaker /’ʃu:meikәr/
oo
moon /mu:n/
spoon /spu:n/
smooth /smu:θ/
ui
fruit /fru:t/
cruise /kru:s/
recruit /ri’kru:t/
/ ә /
a
await /ә’weit/
about /ә’baut/
machine /mә’ʃi:n/
o
tonight /tә’nait/
potato /pә’teitәu/
tomorrow /tә’mɔrәʊ/
er
reader /’ri:dәr/
writer /’raitәr/
cruiser /’kru:sәr/
or
actor /’ổktәr/
doctor /’dɔktәr/
translator /’trổnsleitәr/
/ з: /
er
prefer /pri’fз: r/
merchant /’mз:tʃәnt/
merciful /’mз:sifʊl/
ir
shirt /ʃз:t/
skirt /skз:t/
first /fз:st/
ur
hurt /hз:t/
further /’ʃз:dә/
furnish /’ʃз:niʃ/
or
word /wз:d/
work /wз:k/
worm /wз:m/
ear
heard /hз:d/
earth /з:θ/
earthen /’з:θәn/
1. 2. The diphthongs and triphthongs (Cỏc kớ hiệu phiờn õm của cỏc nguyờn đụi, ba):
Symbols of the sounds
(Kớ hiệu)
In
letters
(Chữ cỏi 
thể hiện)
Examples in words
(Vớ dụ cụ thể trờn cỏc từ)
/ ei /
a
case /keis/
baby /beibi/
lazy /leizi/
ai
maid /meid/
maiden /’meidn/
maidenly /’meidnli/
ay
say /sei/
clay /klei/
play /plei/
ei
eight /eit/
eighthly /’eiθli/
eiranic /ei’rổnik/
/ ai /
i
kite /kait/
night /nait/
mine /main/
y
sky /skai/
fly /flai/
satisfy /’sổtisfai/
/ ɔi /
oi
soil /sɔil/
coin /kɔin/
spoil /spɔil/
oy
employ /im’plɔi/
enjoy /ii’dʒɔi/
employment /im’plɔimnt/
/ aʊ /
ou
mouse /maʊs/
mouth /maʊθ/
surround /sз:’raʊnd/
ow
now /naʊ/
power /’paʊ әr/
cowboy /’kaʊ bɔi/
/ әʊ /
o
cold /kәʊld/
scold /skәʊld/
fold /fәʊld/
ow
slow /slәʊ/
flow /flәʊ/
show /ʃәʊ/
ew
sew /sәʊ/
sewing /sәʊiŋ/
sewn /sәʊn/
/ iә /
ear
hear /hiә(r)/
fear /fiә(r)/
near /niә(r)/
ere
here /hiә(r)/
merely /’miәli/
atmosphere /’ổtmɔsfiә(r)/
/ eә /
ere
there /deә(r)/
therapy /’θeәrәpi/
thereabout /’deәrәbaʊt/
are
fare /feә(r)/
share /ʃeә(r)/
stare /steә(r)/
air
hair /heә(r)/
fair /feә(r)/
stairs /steә(r)s/
/ ʊә /
our
tour /tʊә(r)/
tourer /tʊәrә/
tourism /’tʊәrizm/
/ aiә /
ire
tire /taiә/
fire /faiә/
firemen /’faiәmen/
yre
tyre /taiә/
tyreles /’taiәlis/
tyre-pump /’taiә pLmp /
yer
buyer /baiә/
flyer /flaiә/
buyer /baiә/
/ әʊә /
ower
slower /slәʊә/
slower /slәʊә/
slower /slәʊә/
/ aʊә /
ower
shower /ʃaʊә/
power /paʊә/
flower /flaʊә/
our
flour /flaʊә/
sour /saʊә/
flour /flaʊә/
/ eiә /
ayer
prayer /preiә/
player /pleiә/
sprayer /spreiә/
eyer
greyer /greiә/
greyer /greiә/
greyer /greiә/
/ ɔiә /
oyer
enjoyer /in’dʒɔiә/
enjoyer /in’dʒɔiә/
employer /im’plɔiә/
oyal
loyal /’lɔiәl/
loyalty /’lɔiәlti/
loyal /’lɔiәl/
2. The symbols of the consonant sounds (Cỏc kớ hiệu phiờn õm của cỏc phụ õm):
2.1. The symbols of voiceless consonants (Kớ hiệu phiờn õm của cỏc phụ õm vụ thanh):
Symbols of the sounds
(Kớ hiệu)
In
letters 
(Chữ cỏi 
thể hiện)
Examples in words
(Vớ dụ cụ thể trờn cỏc từ)
/ p /
p
pen /pen/
paint /peint/
people /’pi:pәl/
/ f /
f
five /faiv/
formal /’fɔ:mәl/
family /’fổmili/
ph
physics /’fiziks/
physician /fi’ziʃn/
physical /fi’zikәl/
gh
laugh /la:f/
enough /i’nLf/
rough /rLf/
/ q /
th
throw /θrәʊ/
thunder /’θLndә(r)/
sixth /siksθ/
/ t /
t
teach /ti:tʃ/
temple /’tempәl/
tittle /’taitәl/
ed
looked /lʊkt/
laughed /la:ft/
stopped /stɔpt/
/ s /
s
site /sait/
sandy /’sổndi/
sample /’sổmpәl/
c
centre /’sentә/
century /’sentʃʊri/
cell /sel/
/ ʃ /
sh
sheep /ʃi:p/
sheet /ʃi:t/
English /’iŋliʃ/
ch
machine
chaise /ʃeiz/
champagne /ʃổm’pein/
s
sugar /’ʃʊgә/
sugary /’ʃʊgәri/
sure /’ʃʊә(r)/
/ t∫ /
ch
choice /tʃɔis/
church /tʃз:tʃ/
chimney /’tʃimni/
t
fixture /'fikst∫ә/
future / 'fju:t∫ә/
question / 'kwest∫n/
/ k /
k
kitchen /’kit∫n/
kiss /kis/
king /kiŋ/
c
concert /kɔn’sз:t/
cancel /’kổnsәl/
comedy /’kLmedi/
ch
chemist /’kemist/
chemistry /’kemistri/
chemical /’kemikәl/
q
quite /kwait/
question / 'kwest∫n/
conquest /’kɔŋkwest/
/ h /
h
hike /haik/
hunger /’hLŋgә(r)/
homeless /’hәʊmlis/
wh
whoop /hu:p/
whose /hu:z/
wholesale /’hɔʊlseil/
2.2. The symbols of voiced consonants (Kớ hiệu phiờn õm của cỏc phụ õm hữu thanh):
Symbols of the sounds
(Kớ hiệu)
In
letters 
(Chữ cỏi 
thể hiện)
Examples in words
(Vớ dụ cụ thể trờn cỏc từ)
/ b /
b
boy /bɔi/
bamboo /bổm’bu:/
band /bổnd/
/ v /
v
visit /vizit/
van /vổn/
victory /vlktәri/
f
of /әv/
of /әv/
of /әv/
/ d /
th
them /dәm/
with /wid/
though /dәʊ/
/ d /
d
done /dLn/
doctor /’dɔktә(r)/
dancer /dổnsә(r)/
ed
lived /livd/
earned /з:nd/
cancelled /’kổnsәld/
/ z /
z
zebra /zi:brә/
zip /zip/
zealot /’zelәt/
s
visit /’vizit/
visual /’vizjʊәl/
teachers /ti:tʃәz/
/ ʒ /
s
vision /’viʒn/
usual /’jʊʒʊәl/
usually /’jʊʒʊәli/
/ dʒ /
g
germ /dʒз:m/
gene /dʒi:n/
age /eidʒ/
j
jam /dʒổm/
jam /dʒổz/
joyful /dʒɔifʊl/
/ g /
g
gift /gift/
gain /gein/
girl /gз:l/
/ l /
l
little /’litәl/
lamp /lổmp/
light /lait/
 / m /
m
monk /mɔŋk/
mammal /’mổmәl/
Monday /’mLndei/
/ n /
n
name /neim/
number /nLmbә/
noise /nɔis/
/ ŋ /
n
think /θiŋk/
thank /θổŋk/
sink /siŋk/
ng
sing /siŋ/
thing /θiŋ/
ceiling /’si:liŋ/
/ r /
r
rural /’rʊәrәl/
ring /riŋ/
reader /’ri:dә/
/ w /
w
with /wid/
wine /wain/
wing /wiŋ/
wh
when /wen/
whistle /’wisәl/
whisper /’wispә/
/ j /
y
young /jLŋ/
yearly /’jiәli/
youth /ju:θ/
u
music /’mju:sik/
unit /’ju:nit/
university /ju:ni’v з:siti/
/ ф /
mute
cases
h
honest /’ɔ:nist/
hour /aʊә/
heir /aiә/
k
knight /nait/
knit /nit/
known /nɔʊn/
b
comb /kɔʊm/
climb /klaim/
debt /det/
p
pneumonia
/njʊ’mɔ:niә/
psychology
/sai’kɔ:lɔdʒi/
psychiatrist
/sai’kiәtrist/
2.3. The clusters of consonants (Kớ hiệu phiờn õm của cỏc chựm phụ õm):
Symbols of the sounds
(Kớ hiệu)
In
letters 
(Chữ cỏi 
thể hiện)
Examples in words
(Vớ dụ cụ thể trờn cỏc từ)
/ s+ /
/ sp /
speak /spi:k/
spoil /spɔil/
speaker /’spri:kә/
/ st /
start /sta:t/
stand /stổnd/
stay /stei/
/ sk /
school /skʊl/
skill /skil/
scan /skổn/
/ sf /
sphere /sfiә/
spheral /sfiәrәl/
biosphere /baiә’sfiә/
/ sm /
small /smɔl/
smash /smổʃ/
smell /smel/
/ sn /
snow /snәʊ/
sneeze /sni:z/
sneaky /’sni:ki/
/ sw /
sweet /swi:t/
swim /swim/
swan /swɔn/
/ sj /
super /sjʊpә/
superadd /’sjʊpәrổd/
superably /’sjʊpәreibli/
/ p+ /
/ pl /
plump /plLmp/
apply /ә’plai/
please /pli:s/
/ pr /
proud /praʊd/
propose /’prɔpәʊs/
produce /prә’djʊs/
/ pj /
pure /pjʊә/
purely /’pjʊәli/
purify /’pjʊrәfai/
/ t+ /
/ tr /
train /trein/
treat /tri:t/
treatment /tri:tmәnt/
 / tw /
twice /twais/
twerp /twз:p/
twicer /’twaisә/
/ tj /
tube /tjʊb/
tubal /’tjʊ:bәl/
tuber /’tjʊ:bә/
/ k+ /
/ kl /
class /kla:s/
clean /kli:ns/
clame /kleim/
/ kr /
cream /kri:m/
cry /krai/
creative /kri:’eitiv/
/ kw /
quite /kwait/
quit /kwit/
quest /kwest/
/ kj /
cure /kjʊә/
cute /kjʊt/
cutely /kjʊtli/
/ b+ /
/ bl /
blow /blәʊ/
blame /bleim/
bleach /bli:tʃ/
/ br /
bring /briŋ/
bride /braid/
bridge /bridʒ/
/ bj /
beauty /’bjʊti/
beautify /’bjʊtifai/
beautiful /’bjʊtifʊl/
/ g+ /
 / gl /
glass /gla:s/
glim /glim/
glance /gla:ns/
/ gr /
grow /grәʊ/
great /greit/
groom /gru:m/
/ d+ /
/ dr /
dream /dri:m/
dread /dred /
dreadful /’dredfʊl/
/ dw /
dwell /dwel/
dweller /dwelә/
dwelt /dwel/
/ dj /
duty /djʊti/
dutiful /djʊtifʊl/
dutifully /djʊtifʊli/
/ f+ /
/ fl /
flow /flәʊ/
fly /flai/
flame /fleim/
/ fr /
fry /frai/
fright /frait/
fridge /fridʒ/
/ fj /
furious /’fjʊriәs/
few /fjʊ/
furiously /’fjʊriәsli/
/ q+ /
/ qr /
throw /θrәʊ/
through /θru:/
threat /θret/
 / qw /
thwart /qwổt/
thwack /qwổk/
thwack /qwổk/
Cỏc kết hợp khỏc
/ vj /
view /vjʊ/
interview /’intәvjʊ/
preview /pri’vjʊ/
/ mj /
mute /mjʊt/
mutual /mjʊtʊәl/
music /mjʊzik/
/ ∫r /
shrimp /∫rimp/
shriek /∫ri:k/
shrill /∫ril/
/ nj /
nude /njʊd/
nudist /’njʊdist/
nudism /’njʊdizm/
/ spr /
spread /spred/
sprawl /sprɔ:l/
spray /sprei/
/ spl /
splash /splổʃ/
splat /splổt/
splashy /splổʃi/
/ skr /
scream /scri:m/
scree /scri: /
screen /scri:n/
/ str /
stream /stri:m/
strawy /strɔ:i/
streak /stri:k/
/ skj /
scuba /’skjʊbә/
scuba /’skjʊbә/
scuba /’skjʊbә/
/ stj /
student /’stjʊdnt/
stupid /’stjʊpid/
studio /’stjʊdiәʊ/
/ spj /
spume /spjʊ:m/
spue /spjʊ:/
spumous /spjʊ:mәs/
/ skw /
square /skweә/
squarer /’skweәrә/
squander /’skwɔdә/
BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Exercise 1: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the same group.
A. candy
B. sandy 
C. many
D. handy
A. earning
B. learning
C. searching
D. clearing
A. pays
B. stays
C. says
D. plays
A. given
B. risen
C. ridden
D. whiten
A. cough
B. tough
C. rough
D. enough
A. accident
B. jazz
C. stamp
D. watch
A. this
B. thick
C. maths
D. thin
A. gas
B. gain
C. germ
D. good
A. bought
B. naught
C. plough
D. thought
A. forks
B. tables
C. beds
D. windows
A. handed
B. booked
C. translated
D. visited
A. car
B. coach
C. century
D. cooperate
A. within
B. without
C. clothing
D. strengthen
A. has
B. bag
C. dad
D. made
A. kites
B. catches
C. oranges
D. buzzes
A. student
B. stupid
C. study
D. studio
A. wealth
B. cloth
C. with
D. marathon
A. brilliant
B. trip
C. tripe
D. tip
A. surgeon
B. agent
C. engine
D. regard
A. feather
B. leather
C. feature
D. measure
Exercise 2: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the same group.
A. geology
B. psychology
C. classify
D. photography
A. idiom
B. ideal
C. item
D. identical
A. children
B. child
C. mild
D. wild
A. both
B. myth
C. with
D. sixth
A. helped
B. booked
C. hoped
D. waited
A. name
B. natural
C. native
D. nation
A. blood
B. food
C. moon
D. pool
A. comb
B. plumb
C. climb
D. disturb
A. thick
B. though
C. thank
D. think
A. flour
B. hour
C. pour
D. sour
A. dictation
B. repetition
C. station
D. question
A. dew
B. knew
C. sew
D. few
A. asked
B. helped
C. kissed
D. played
A. smells
B. cuts
C. opens
D. plays
A. decided
B. hatred
C. sacred
D. warned
A. head
B. break
C. bread
D. breath
A. blood
B. tool
C. moon
D. spool
A. height
B. fine
C. tidy
D. cliff
A. through
B. them
C. threaten
D. thunder
A. fought
B. country
C. bought
D. ought
Exercise 3: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the same group.
A. moon
B. pool
C. door
D. cool
A. any
B. apple
C. hat
D. cat
A. book
B. blood
C. look
D. foot
A. pan
B. woman
C. sad
D. man
A. table
B. lady
C. labor
D. captain
A. host
B. most
C. cost
D. post
A. dear
B. beard
C. beer
D. heard
A. work
B. coat
C. go
D. know
A. name
B. flame
C. man
D. fame
A. how
B. town
C. power
D. slow
A. harm
B. wash
C. call
D. talk
A. brought
B. ought 
C. thought
D. though
A. call
B. curtain
C. cell
D. contain
A. measure
B. decision
C. pleasure
D. permission
A. drought
B. fought
C. brought
D. bought
A. builds
B. destroys
C. occurs
D. prevents
A. deal
B. teach
C. break
D. clean
A. supported
B. approached
C. noticed
D. finished
A. unity   
B. suite  
C. studious  
D. volume
A. climber  
B. subtle  
C. debtor  
D. probable
Exercise 4: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the same group.
A. loved 
B. appeared 
C. agreed 
D. coughed
A. thereupon 
B. thrill 
C. threesome 
D. throne
A. chin
B. chaos
C. child
D. charge
A. wasted
B. practiced
C. laughed
D. jumped
A. coast
B. most
C. lost
D. whole
A. energy
B. gain
C. gesture
D. village
A. population
B. nation
C. question
D. station
A. meat
B. sweat
C. leaf
D. seat
A. antibiotic
B. pant
C. ant
D. want
A. height
B. myth 
C. type 
D. climb
A. bush      
B. rush     
C. pull     
D. lunar
A. bought      	
B. sought      	
C. drought      
D. fought
A. killed      	
B. cured   
C. crashed
D. waived
A. thunder
B. prefer  
C. grocer  
D. louder
A. tells 
B. talks     
C. stays 
D. steals
A. stomach	
B. watch
C. change
D. church
A. attacks	
B. repeats
C. roofs
D. trays
A. drought	
B. fought
C. brought
D. bought
A. builds	
B. destroys
C. occurs
D. prevents
A. name	
B. nation
C. native
D. natural