Bộ 4 mã đề đề thi Trung học Phổ thông Quốc gia Năm 2018 môn Tiếng Anh

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO KỲ THI TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA NĂM 2018
 ĐỀ THI CHÍNH THỨC Bải thi: NGOẠI NGỮ; Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
 (Đề thi có 05 trang) Thời gian làm hài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Mã đề thi 401
 Họ, tên thí sinh:................................ 
 Số báo danh:...................................... 
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges.
Question 1: Silas is talking to his roommate, Salah, about the Olympic Games.
Silas: “Do you think our country can host the Olympic Games some day in the future?”
Salah: “______. We can't afford such a big event.”
	A. You can say that again 	B. I can't agree with you more
	C. Yes, you're right 	D. No, I don't think so
Question 2: Laura is telling Bob about her exam results.
Laura: “______” 
Bob: “That's great. Congratulations!”
	A. I hope I'll pass the exam tomorrow. 	B. I've passed the exam with an A.
	C. I'll get the exam results tomorrow. 	D. I didn't do well in the exam.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 3: Thanks to highly technology, scientists have made many important sophisticated discoveries in different fields.
	A. accessible 	B. confusing 	C. effective 	D. advanced
Question 4: It is firmly believed that books are a primary means for disseminating knowledge and information. 
	A. classifying 	B. distributing 	C. adopting 	D. inventing
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 5: With price increases on most necessities, many people have to tighten their belt for fear of getting into financial difficulties.
	A. dress in loose clothes 	B. spend money freely 	C. save on daily expenses 	D. put on tighter belts
Question 6: Today the number of start-ups in Vietnam is mounting as the government has created favourable conditions for them to develop their business.
	A. peaking 	B. varying 	C. decreasing 	D. rising
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 7: 	A. delays 	B. begins 	C. attracts 	D. believes
Question 8: 	A. head 	B. bean 	C. meal 	D. team
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 9: 	A. sympathy 	B. poverty 	C. equipment 	D. character
Question 10: 	A. intend 	B. install 	C. follow 	D. decide
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 11: It ______ to reason that Jason passed the exam with flying colours on account of his working hard during the term.
	A. comes 	B. gets 	C. stands 	D. lays
Question 12: Our father suggested ______ to Da Nang for this summer holiday.
	A. to going 	B. going 	C. go 	D. to go
Question 13: The patients ______ with the new drug showed better signs of recovery than those receiving conventional medicine.
	A. treated 	B. having treated 	C. treating 	D. who treated
Question 14: Only after she ______ from a severe illness did she realise the importance of good health.
	A. would recover 	B. has recovered 	C. had recovered 	D. was recovering
Question 15: Several measures have been proposed to ______ the problem of unemployment among university graduates.
	A. pose 	B. admit 	C. address 	D. create
Question 16: There is no excuse for your late submission! You ______ the report by last Friday.
	A. mightn't have finished 	B. should have finished 	C. needn't have finished 	D. must have finished
Question 17: The presenter started his speech with a few ______ jokes to build rapport with the audience.
	A. whole-hearted 	B. light-hearted 	C. soft-hearted 	D. kind-hearted
Question 18: It is advisable that the apprentice should be ______ to learn the ins and outs of the new job.
	A. permissive 	B. noticeable 	C. acceptable 	D. observant
Question 19: Mary rarely uses social networks, ______?
	A. isn't she 	B. does she 	C. doesn't she 	D. is she
Question 20: Candidates are advised to dress formally to make a good ______ on job interviewers.
	A. impress 	B. impressively 	C. impression 	D. impressive
Question 21: If Martin were here now, he ______ us to solve this difficult problem.
	A. would help 	B. helps 	C. will help 	D. has helped
Question 22: You shouldn't lose heart; success often comes to those who are not ______ by failures.
	A. left out 	B. put off 	C. switched off 	D. turned on
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 23: It concerns many sociologists that inadequate parents skills may lead to an increase in the 
 A B
number of incidents of juvenile delinquency.
 C D 
Question 24: It is the ASEAN Para Games that disabled athletes have an opportunity to have their talents and 
 A B C
efforts recognised.
 D
Question 25: Teenagers is greatly influenced by not only their parents but also their peers.
 A B C D 
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 26: I find it useful to join the sports club.
	A. Joining the sports club is not useful for me. 	B. It is useful for me to join the sports club.
	C. I used to join the sports club. 	D. I never like joining the sports club.
Question 27: It is believed that modern farming methods have greatly improved farmers' lives.
	A. Farmers are believed to have enjoyed a much better life thanks to modern farming methods.
	B. Modern farming methods were believed to have greatly improved farmers' lives.
	C. Modern farming methods are believed to have had negative effects on farmers' lives.
	D. People believe that there is little improvement in farmers' lives thanks to modern farming methods.
Question 28: "Would you like to go to the show with me?" Anna said to Bella.
	A. Anna reminded Bella to go to the show with her. 	B. Anna persuaded Bella to go to the show with her.
	C. Anna encouraged Bella to go to the show with her. D. Anna invited Bella to go to the show with her. 
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 29: Mary left home to start an independent life. She realised how much her family meant to her.
	A. Only when Mary realised how much her family meant to her did she leave home to start an independent life.
	B. To realise how much her family meant to her, Mary decided to leave home to start an independent life.
	C. Not until Mary had left home to start an independent life did she realise how much her family meant to her.
	D. Mary left home to start an independent life with a view to realising how much her family meant to her.
Question 30: Kate completed her higher education. She then decided to travel the world before getting a job.
	A. Without completing her higher education, Kate decided to travel the world before getting a job.
	B. Given that Kate decided to travel the world before getting a job, she completed her higher education.
	C. Having completed her higher education, Kate decided to travel the world before getting a job.
	D. Kate had scarcely travelled the world before getting a job when she completed her higher education.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
 Urban development is having a direct impact on the weather in many cities worldwide. It has been noticed that the difference (31) ______ temperature is usually greater at night and the phenomenon occurs in both winter and summer. Experts agree that this is due to urban development, when open green spaces are replaced with asphalt roads and tall brick or concrete buildings. These materials retain heat generated by the Sun and release it through the night. In Atlanta, in the US, this has even led to thunderstorms (32) ______ occur in the morning rather than, as is more common, in the afternoon.
 Large cities around the world are adopting strategies to combat this issue (33) ______ it is not uncommon to find plants growing on top of roofs or down the walls of large buildings. In Singapore, the government has (34) ______ to transform it into a "city within a garden" and, in 2006, they held an international competition calling for entries to develop a master plan to help bring this about. One outcome was the creation of 18 "Supertrees” - metal constructions resembling very tall trees. Each one is a vertical freestanding garden and is (35) ______ to exotic plants and ferns. They also contain solar panels used to light the trees at night and also containers to collect rainwater, making them truly self-sufficient.
(Adapted from "The Official Cambridge Guide to IELTS" by Pauline Cullen, Amanda French and Vanessa Jakeman)
Question 31: 	A. on 	B. with 	C. in 	D. out
Question 32: 	A. when 	B. which 	C. what 	D. where
Question 33: 	A. or 	B. for 	C. and 	D. but
Question 34: 	A. pledged 	B. committed 	C. confessed 	D. required
Question 35: 	A. home 	B. house 	C. land 	D. place
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
 A letter of application is a sales letter in which you are both salesperson and product, for the purpose of an application is to attract an employer's attention and persuade him or her to grant you an interview. To do this, the letter presents what you can offer the employer, rather than what you want from the job.
 Like a résumé, the letter of application is a sample of your work and an opportunity to demonstrate your skills and personality. If it is written with flair and understanding and prepared with professional care, it is likely to be very effective. While the résumé must be factual, objective, and brief, the letter is your chance to interpret and expand. It should state explicitly how your background relates to the specific job, and it should emphasise your strongest and most relevant characteristics. The letter should demonstrate that you know both yourself and the company.
 The letter of application must communicate your ambition and enthusiasm. Yet it must be modest. It should be neither aggressive nor compliant: neither pat yourself on the back nor ask for sympathy. It should never express dissatisfaction with the present or former job or employer. And you should avoid discussing your reasons for leaving your last job.
 Finally, it is best that you not broach the subject on salary. Indeed, even if a job advertisement requires that you mention your salary requirements, it is advisable simply to call them "negotiable."
 However, when you go on an interview, you should be prepared to mention a salary range. For this reason, you should investigate both your field and, if possible, the particular company. You don't want to ask for less than you deserve or more than is reasonable.
(Adapted from "Select Readings - Intermediate” by Linda Lee and Erik Gundersen) 
Question 36: What is the passage mainly about?
	A. Advice on how to find a good job 	B. Things to avoid during a job interview
	C. Tips for writing an effective letter of application 	D. Differences between a résumé and a letter of application
Question 37: According to paragraph 1, in a letter of application, the applicant tries to ______. 
	A. persuade the employer to grant him/her an interview
	B. get further information about the company
	C. advertise a product to attract more customers
	D. present what he/she wants from the job
Question 38: The word "it" in paragraph 2 refers to ______. 
	A. the letter of application 	B. an opportunity 	
	C. your work 	D. the résumé
Question 39: The word "explicitly" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. 
	A. clearly 	B. shortly 	C. slightly 	D. quickly
Question 40: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about a letter of application?
	A. It should express the applicant's dissatisfaction with his/her former employer.
	B. It should refer to the applicant's reasons for leaving his/her previous job.
	C. It should be written very briefly, but in a formal style.
	D. It should expand upon the information contained in the applicant's résumé.
Question 41: The word "broach" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. 
	A. avoid 	B. investigate 	C. introduce 	D. understand
Question 42: According to paragraph 4, in a job interview, the applicant should be ready to ______. 
	A. accept any salary offered 	B. negotiate working conditions
	C. mention their expected salary range 	D. talk about the company's budget
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
 Henry is the undisputed star of Dronfield School near Sheffield. Whatever the achievements of other members of the comprehensive school, it is Henry, with his soulful eyes and glossy hair, who has hogged the limelight, appearing on television in Britain and abroad. Yet despite all the public adulation, Henry stirs up no envy or resentment among the 2000 students – in fact, they all adore him.
 The dog, who first arrived six months ago, is a super dog, who has improved students' behaviour and encouraged more students to focus on their academic achievement.
 It was Andrew's teacher, Wendy Brown and the school counsellor, Julie Smart, who first proposed buying a school dog. "Julie and I were talking one day about how looking after dogs can positively affect children's conduct," says Brown. "We did some research and discovered that the presence of pets has been shown to be therapeutic. A number of studies have shown that animals improve recovery after surgery or illness and have a calming influence on people in a lot of settings. Some of my kids can be a handful and some of the children Julie counsels have terrible problems."
 Could the school dog become a craze? Other schools such as the Mulberry Bush, a primary school for children with behavioural problems, have stepped forward to point out they already have one. Rosie Johnston, a Mulberry staff member has been bringing her golden retriever, Muskoka, into school for three years. Apart from being a calming influence, Muskoka even plays his part in literacy lessons. Children at the school can be too shy to read to adults so they read to Muskoka. "Their anxiety about mispronouncing something or getting the words in the wrong order is reduced when they read to him," says Johnston.
 Psychologist Dr Deborah Wells from Queen's University Belfast specialises in animal-human interaction. She believes that the underlying key to the Henry effect is that dogs offer unconditional love and that cheers up adults and children and helps with self-esteem. But traditionalist Chris Woodhead, the former chief inspector of schools says, "I don't see why a teacher cannot create a positive learning environment through the subject they teach and their personality. Dogs strike me as a bit of a publicity stunt. It's the kind of sentimental story journalists love." Despite this sentiment, Henry remains as popular as ever.
 Andrew Wainwright, a student at Dronfield School, says there is something magical and calming about being able to interact with Henry during his time at the school's catch-up classes, and that if he falls behind, that opportunity will be denied. Even doubting staff have finally been won round. Perhaps that is because Henry, who lies on the floor during staff meetings, has also had a calming effect on them.
(Adapted from “Ready for Advanced" by Roy Norris and Amanda French with Miles Hordern) 
Question 43: Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage?
	A. Having School Dogs: Pros and Cons 	B. Henry – a Super Dog in Dronfield School
	C. School Dogs: Useful Classroom Assistants 	D. Keeping School Dogs – a Prevalent Trend
Question 44: The word "adulation" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. 
	A. excessive admiration 	B. deserved attention	
	C. considerable controversy 	D. unrealistic expectation 
Question 45: The phrase "a handful" in paragraph 3 is probably descriptive of a child who is ______.
	A. difficult to control 	B. reluctant to explore
	C. inclined to disagree 	D. impossible to understand
Question 46: Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 3 as a potential impact of keeping a pet?
	A. A stronger tendency to misbehave 	B. Better recovery from illness
	C. A greater desire to influence others 	D. Long-term changes in conduct
Question 47: The word "one" in paragraph 4 refers to ______. 
	A. a school dog 	B. a craze 	C. a Mulberry staff member D. a primary school
Question 48: According to paragraph 4, which of the following is one of the roles played by Muskoka at the Mulberry Bush?
	A. Minimising the number of words mispronounced by its students
	B. Helping its students to reduce their fear of making mistakes
	C. Relieving its teaching staff of unnecessary workload
	D. Encouraging a more proactive approach to teaching literacy
Question 49: Which of the following best summarises Chris Woodhead's viewpoint in paragraph 5?
	A. Teachers underestimate the role of dogs in literacy lessons.
	B. Schools have dogs just to attract media attention.
	C. Students and dogs are inseparable companions in the classroom setting.
	D. Dogs are capable of enlivening classroom atmosphere.
Question 50: Which of the following is implied in the passage?
	A. Rosie Johnston is more experienced than Wendy Brown in working with animals.
	B. Interaction with Henry is used to boost students' learning motivation at Dronfield School.
	C. Administrators at Dronfield School are sceptical as to whether Henry's companion will benefit their students.
	D. Wendy Brown and Julie Smart are dedicated animal rights activists who wish to get their message across to young people.
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BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO KỲ THI TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA NĂM 2018
 ĐỀ THI CHÍNH THỨC Bải thi: NGOẠI NGỮ; Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
 (Đề thi có 05 trang) Thời gian làm hài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Mã đề thi 402
 Họ, tên thí sinh:................................ 
 Số báo danh:...................................... 
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges.
Question 1: Nancy and James are talking about their school days.
 Nancy: "I think school days are the best time of our lives."
 James: "______. We had sweet memories together then."
	A. I'm afraid so 	B. Absolutely. 	C.That's nonsense 	D. I doubt it
Question 2: John and Mike are talking about Mike’s new car.
 John: "______"
 Mike: "Thanks. I'm glad to hear that." 
	A. Where did you buy your car? 	B. What a nice car!
	C. Your car is new, isn't it? 	D. My car is very expensive.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: 	A. apartment 	B. benefit 	C. argument 	D. vacancy
Question 4: 	A. explain 	B. involve 	C. borrow 	D. discuss
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. 
Question 5: 	A. great 	B. cheap 	C. clean 	D. mean
Question 6: 	A. improves 	B. destroys 	C. suggests 	D. reminds
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 7: The research findings were reliable since modem technology was used to increase the precision of the sampling procedure.
	A. exactness 	B. inaccuracy 	C. insecurity 	D. flexibility
Question 8: Despite the traffic hold-ups, we were able to arrive at the airport in the nick of time just before the check-in counter closed.
	A. with all our luggage 	B. in a terrible condition 
	C. at the very last moment 	D. with much time to spare 
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 9: There is an increase in the prevalence of electronic books as more people are turning to digitalised reading materials.
	A. scarcity 	B. deficiency 	C. popularity 	D. intensity
Question 10: Heavily contaminated with wastes from nearby factories, the water in this river is not suitable for daily use.
	A. polluted 	B. pure 	C. cleaned 	D. deadly
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 11: If he didn’t have to work today, he ______ his children to the zoo.
	A. will take 	B. takes 	C. would take 	D. has taken
Question 12: Only after the bus ______ for a few miles did Jane realise she was on the wrong route.
	A. was running 	B. had run 	C. has run 	D. runs
Question 13: Many people head for the countryside where the flat ______ of fields helps them escape from the hectic city life.
	A. extension 	B. expansion 	C. extent 	D. expanse
Question 14: It is believed that travelling is a good way to expand our ______ of the world
	A. knowledgeable 	B. knowledgeably 	C. knowledge 	D. know
Question 15: Maria decided ______ her education after a gap year.
	A. to continue 	B. to continuing 	C. continue 	D. continuing
Question 16: We know that we are at fault for our third consecutive defeat, so there is no need to ______ salt into the wound.
	A. spread 	B. rub 	C. apply 	D. put
Question 17: Despacito, ______ over four billion times on YouTube, is one of the most favourite songs among teenagers worldwide. 
	A. is viewed 	B. which viewed 	C. viewing 	D. viewed
Question 18: The school drama club is ______ a play for the school's anniversary, which is due to take place next month.
	A. turning up 	B. making off 	C. putting on 	D. bringing down
Question 19: The students' plan for a musical show to raise money for charity received ______ support from the school administrators.
	A. light-hearted 	B. warm-hearted 	C. big-hearted 	D. whole-hearted
Question 20: Parents often advise their children to study hard in the hope that they will ______ success in the future.
	A. gather 	B. collect 	C. master	D. achieve
Question 21: Adrian got surprisingly high grades in the final exam. He ______ his lessons very carefully.
	A. would have revised 	B. needn't have revised 	C. can't have revised 	D. must have revised
Question 22: Sue rarely misses a chance to do voluntary work, ______?
	A. doesn't she 	B. does she 	C. is she 	D. isn't she
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.
 The knock-on effect of volunteering on the lives of individuals can be profound. Voluntary work helps foster independence and imparts the ability to deal with different situations, often simultaneously, thus teaching people how to (23) ______ their way through different systems. It therefore brings people into touch with the real world; and, hence, equips them for the future.
 Initially, young adults in their late teens might not seem to have the expertise or knowledge to impart to others that say a teacher or an agriculturalist or a nurse would have, (24) ______ they do have many skills that can help others. And in the absence of any particular talent, their energy and enthusiasm can be harnessed for the benefit (25) ______ their fellow human beings, and ultimately themselves. From all this, the gain to any community no matter how many volunteers are involved is (26) ______.
 Employers will generally look favorably on people (27) ______ have shown an ability to work as part of a team. It demonstrates a willingness to learn and an independent spirit, which would be desirable qualities in any employee.
(Adapted from "IELTS Testbuilder 2" by Sam McCarter)
Question 23: 	A. take 	B. work 	C. put 	D. give
Question 24: 	A. but 	B. so 	C. or 	D. for
Question 25: 	A. under 	B. of 	C. on 	D. out
Question 26: 	A. impassable 	B. unattainable 	C. undetectable 	D. immeasurable
Question 27: 	A. which 	B. what 	C. whose 	D. who
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to Indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.
 There are many African tribes but, for many people, the Maasai are the most well-known. They are famous for their bright red clothing and their ceremonies with lots of music and dancing. Probably, one of the most colorful ceremonies is the festival of "Eunoto," when the teenage boys of the Maasai become men.
 Eunoto lasts for many days and Maasai people travel across the region to get to a special place near the border between Kenya and Tanzania. The teenage boys who travel with them are called "warriors". This is a traditional name from the past when young men fought with other tribes.
 At the beginning of the ceremony, the teenagers paint their bodies while their mothers start to build a place called the "Osingira," a sacred room in the middle of the celebrations. Later, the senior elders from different tribes will sit inside this place and, at different times, the boys go inside to meet them. Later in the day, the boys run around the Osingira, going faster and faster each time.
 The teenagers also have to alter their appearance at Eunoto. Masai boys' hair is very long before the ritual but they have to cut it off. In Maasai culture, hair is an important symbol. For example, when a baby grows into an infant, the mother cuts the child’s hair and gives the child a name. At a Maasai wedding, the hair of the bride is also cut off as she becomes a woman. And so, at Eunoto, the teenage boy’s mother cuts his hair off at sunrise.
 On the final day, the teenagers meet the senior elders one more time. They get this advice: "Now you are men, use your heads and knowledge." Then, people start to travel back to their homes and lands. The teenagers are no longer warriors. They are adult men and now they will get married and have children. Later in life, they will be the leaders of their communities.
(Adapted from "Life" by John Hughes. Helen Stephenson and Paul Dummett)
Question 28: What is the passage mainly about?
	A. The ceremony that marks the beginning of Maasai boys' adulthood
	B. The journey by Maasai teenage boys to the festival of Eunoto
	C. The importance of Eunoto in African people's lives
	D. The reasons for the Masai's popularity over other African tribes
Question 29: The word "warriors" in paragraph 2 mostly means ______. 
	A. dancers 	B. fighters 	C. musicians 	D. travellers
Question 30: The word "them" in paragraph 3 refers to ______. 
	A. different tribes 	B. their mothers 	C. the boys 	D. the senior elders
Question 31: According to paragraph 3, the Osingira is built by ______. 
	A. the Maasai senior elders 	B. Maasai teenagers 	
	C. the Maasai teenage boys' mothers 	D. Maasai men
Question 32: The word "alter" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. 
	A. differ 	B. change 	C. maintain 	D. distinguish
Question 33: According to the passage, what do the teenage boys do at Eunoto?
	A. Painting their bodies 	B. Receiving new names 	
	C. Changing their clothes 	D. Fighting with other tribes
Question 34: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
	A. The Maasai teenage boys are given advice from senior elders before attending Eunoto.
	B. The Maasai teenage boys will become adults and get married after attending Eunoto.
	C. Eunoto lasts for a day, across the region between Kenya and Tanzania.
	D. Eunoto is the ceremony for both Maasai teenage boys and girls.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
 In this modern world where closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras are everywhere and smartphones in every pocket, the routine filming of everyday life is becoming pervasive. A number of countries are rolling out body cams for police officers; other public-facing agencies such as schools, councils and hospitals are also experimenting with cameras for their employees. Private citizens are getting in on the act too: cyclists increasingly wear headcams as a deterrent to aggressive drivers. As camera technology gets smaller and cheaper, it isn’t hard to envisage a future where we're all filming everything all the time, in every direction.
 Would that be a good thing? There are some obvious potential upsides. If people know they are on camera, especially when at work or using public services, they are surely less likely to misbehave. The available evidence suggests that it discourages behaviours such as vandalism. Another upside is that it would be harder to get away with crimes or to evade blame for accidents.
 But a world on camera could have subtle negative effects. The deluge of data we pour into the hands of Google, Facebook and others has already proved a mixed blessing. Those companies would no doubt be willing to upload and curate our body-cam data for free, but at what cost to privacy and freedom of choice?
 Body-cam data could also create a legal minefield. Disputes