Bài thi thử kỳ thi tốt nghiệp Trung học Phổ thông môn Tiếng Anh - Năm học 2018-2019 - Mã đề 427

SỞ GIÁO DỤC ĐÀO TẠO BÀI THI THỬ KỲ THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG 
 ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC NĂM HỌC 2018- 2019
 (Đề gồm có 04 trang) MÔN TIẾNG ANH ~ MÃ ĐỀ 427
 Thời gian: 60 phút - không tính thời gian giao đề
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
 The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust.
 There are two kinds of crust, a lower and denser oceanic dust and an upper, lighter continental crust found over only about 40 percent of the Earth's surface. The rocks of the crust are of very different ages. Some continental rocks are over 3,000 million years old, while those of the ocean floor are less than 200 million years old. The crusts and the top, solid part of the mantle, totaling about 70 to 100 kilometres in thickness, at present appear to consist of about 15 rigid plates, 7 of which are very large. These plates move over the semimolten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.
 There are three main types of zones of contact: spreading contacts where plates move apart, converging contacts where plates move towards each other, and transforming contacts where plates slide past each other. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at mid-ocean ridges. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents, a rift is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates moved in opposite directions. At the same time a: margins of converging plates, the oceanic crust is icing reabsorbed by being subducted into the mantle and remelted beneath the ocean trenches. When two plates carrying continents collide, the continental blocks, too light to be drawn down, continue to float and therefore buckle to form a mountain chain along the length of the margin of the plates.
Question 1: The word "spreading" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to.......
A. diverging	B. covering	C. moving	D. converging
Question 2: What does the second paragraph of the passage mainly discuss?
A. Processes that create the Earth's surface features.	B. The rates at which continents move.
C. The composition of the ocean floors.	D. The major mountain chains of the Earth.
Question 3: We can infer from the passage that.........
A. continental rocks are far older than the oceanic ones
B. the Atlantic Ocean was formed by converging contacts
C. a rift is formed by transforming contacts
D. the Earth’s crust comprises three principal layers
Question 4: Where in the passage does the author describe how oceans are formed?
A. The second half of paragraph 2.	B. The second half of paragraph 1.
C. The middle of paragraph 2.	D. The first half of paragraph 1.
Question 5: According to the passage, mountain ranges are formed when.........
A. two plates separate	B. a rift is flooded
C. the crust is remelted	D. continental plates collide
Question 6: The word "buckle" in the last line is closest in meaning to.........
A. break off	B. get closer	C. rise up	D. bend
Question 7: According to the passage, on approximately what percent of the Earth's surface is the continental crust found?
A. 100	B. 40	C. 70	D. 15
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 8: She was trying to unlock the door. She was using the wrong key.
A. She was trying to unlock the door because she was using the wrong key.
B. Using the wrong key, she was trying to unlock the door.
C. She was trying to unlock the door by using the wrong key.
D. She was trying to unlock the door but she was using the wrong key.
Question 9: We thought we would never find help. We saw a little house in the distance.
A. We thought we would never find help as we saw a little house in the distance
B. We thought we would never find help until we saw a little house in the distance.
C. Not until we thought we would never find help, we saw a little house in the distance.	 
D. Only when we thought we would never find help, we saw a little house in the distance
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
 Modern farming methods allow farmers to produce large ...(10)... of cheap food. There is a cost to the environment, though, because intensive farming uses a lot of chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers ...(11)... damage ecosystems and destroy wildlife. It also uses a lot of energy because of the amount of machinery used. Not only does the soil ...(12)... from these methods, but the quality of the food is reduced, too.
 Organic farming, on the other hand, aims to protect the environment while producing high quality food. Natural fertilisers such as manure and compost are used ...(13)... of man-made or chemical fertilisers. Organic farmers also use natural methods of pest control. They use ladybirds to combat greenfly and burn weeds or pull them out by hand instead of using pesticides. They also use traditional farming methods such as rotating crops to different fields ...(14)... year to maintain the nutrients in the soil.
 Organic food may be a bit expensive. However, it is healthy, tasty and better for the environment.
 Question 10:A. numbers	B. lots	C. mass	D. amounts
 Question 11:A. to	B. of	C. in	D. which
 Question 12:A. draw	B. prevent	C. suffer	D. come
 Question 13:A. in spite	B. instead	C. regardless	D. because
 Question 14:A. over	B. by	C. each	D. all
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 15: I said "Good morning" but he just cut me dead.
A. let down	B. looked away	C. stopped short	D. pretended not to hear
Question 16: She's going to have to face up to the fact that he's not going to marry her.
A. try to understand	B. stand against	C. object to	D. confront
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 17: House prices have plummeted in recent months.
A. deceased	B. raised	C. soared	D. declined
Question 18: You've just got to get off your tail and start looking for a job.
A. sprite up	B. make up yourself	C. be at a loose end	D. be down in the mouth
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.
Question 19: ~ A: "What sort of things do you like doing in your free time?" ~ B: "............."
A. I love checking out the shops for new clothes. B. None. Been starved since 9 yesterday.
C. I hate shopping.	 D. Nothing special. Just some photos I took on the trip to Nepal.
Question 20: ~ A: "............." ~ B: "Well actually, I’m not too keen on either."
A. Do you often use a pen or a pencil?
B. Rain or shine, I'd rather stay at home and read.
C. Is an iPhone X or a Galaxy S9 more accessible?
D. Would you rather go fishing or white-water rafting?
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 21: People who take on a second job inevitably.......themselves to greater stress.
A. offer	B. place	C. subject	D. field
Question 22: She says that unfortunately, in the........circumstances, she cannot afford to help us.
A. present	B. ongoing	C. contemporary	D. actual
Question 23: .......from being embarrassed by his mistake, the lecturer went on confidently with his talk.
A. Distant	B. A long way	C. Miles	D. Far
Question 24: Sarah’s friends all had brothers and sisters but she was a(n).......child.
A. individual	B. single	C. singular	D. only
Question 25: By the time we got home, we were.......frozen and starveing hungry.
A. absolutely	B. extremely	C. very	D. exceedingly
Question 26: Do you expect there will be a lot of.......to the project from the local community?
A. disapproval	B. disagreement	C. rejections	D. objections
Question 27: The building work must be finished by the end of the month.......of cost.
A. ignorant	B. regardless	C. thoughtless	D. uncaring
Question 28: The old lady’s savings were considerable as she had.......a little money each week.
A. put in	B. put apart	C. put down	D. put by
Question 29: His poor handling of the business........on negligence.
A. bordered	B. edged	C. neared	D. approached
Question 30: To begin studying chemistry at this level, you must already have proved your ability in a related........
A. line	B. rule	C. discipline	D. region
Question 31: The increased pay offer was accepted although it......short of what the employees wanted.
A. fell	B. ended	C. arrived	D. came
Question 32: Price increases are now running at a(n)........level of thirty per cent.
A. highest	B. top	C. uppermost	D. record
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 33: You really must be more careful when you do your exercises because you did six elementary mistakes in this one.
A. more careful	B. one	C. do	D. did
Question 34: No matter what happens, he will not let me to borrow his computer.
A. borrow	B. his	C. will not	D. No
Question 35: I am trying since I was at school to learn another foreign language but it's very difficult for me.
A. for	B. to learn	C. am trying	D. but
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
THE PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT
 Since ancient times, the pyramids at Giza in Egypt have been one of the world's most popular tourist destinations. The largest of these, the Great Pyramid of Giza, or Khufu’s Pyramid, is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that still survives today. It was the tallest building in the world for almost 5,000 years - that is, until the Eiffel Tower was built in 1889. Pharaohs, the first rulers of Egypt, built pyramids to show their power to the people. The first Pharaohs built much simpler tombs called mastabas. These mastabas were square buildings with a room inside big enough for the coffin, the mummy of the pharaoh’s body and his treasures. Ancient Egyptians believed that dead people still needed their bodies and treasures, such as paintings, gold and jewels, for their life after death.
 Many of the pyramids were decorated inside, especially in the room where the dead pharaoh was laid. Archaeologists discovered many pictures in the tombs and mysterious writing on the walls called hieroglyphics.
 Invented about 5,000 years ago, hieroglyphics are the oldest form of writing. They were just simple drawings of everyday things we see and hear. The Egyptians believed that both the hieroglyphics and the tomb pictures were magical, which is why they painted them inside the pyramids.
 When we look at the pyramids today, it is easy to see that they were built to last for a very long time. Have you ever wondered how these great monuments were built? Many archaeologists believe that the builders first studied the stars to decide which direction the pyramid would face, as Egyptians believed the pharaohs would join the stars after death.
 Then, they built a small mastaba on the ground. Next, they put dirt and stones all over it, leaving a tunnel to the outside. To raise the stones to the top of the pyramid, they probably built long ramps and then rolled the stones up them. The city of Giza is on the River Nile. The Nile was also very important in the building of the pyramids as it was used to transport the stones from far away. Granite and marble, for example, were brought from Aswan, which is over 500km away. Many ships also brought limestone, used for the outside walls of the pyramids, from the city of Tura, which was just across the river from Giza.
 Just to give you an idea of how large the Great Pyramid is - it is the height of a modern 40-storey building, or over 145 metres. It covers an area of land the size of seven city streets. Workers used 2,300,000 blocks to build it, each weighing 2,500 kilograms (2.5 tons). It took about 36,000 workers (mostly slaves and farmers) between 20 and 30 years to build it. This means that for every minute they worked, they added three blocks to the pyramid!
 In conclusion, there is still a great deal of wonder and mystery surrounding the pyramids. No one knows for certain exactly when and how they were built. So far 46 of them have been found in Egypt. However, maybe there are others lying underneath the sand just waiting to be discovered. Only time will tell!
Question 36: Khufu’s Pyramid...
A. is taller than the Eiffel Tower.
B. is the tallest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
C. was built about five thousand years ago.
D. is the world’s most popular tourist destination.
Question 37: Which of the following is NOT represented by hieroglyphics?
A. simple drawings of everyday things	B. painted inside the pyramids by Pharaohs
C. mysterious writing on the walls	D. the oldest form of writing
Question 38: The Egyptians built the pyramids...
A. a long way from the River Nile.	B. in order to study the stars,
C. next to a mastaba.	D. using long ramps.
Question 39: The Egyptians decorated the pyramids with
A. gold and jewels	B. hieroglyphics and pictures.
C. only pictures,	D. only hieroglyphics.
Question 40: The mastabas...
A. were pyramids.	B. contained the mothers of the pharaohs
C. were bigger than pyramids.	D. were simple places to bury dead pharaohs,
Question 41: Which of the following is NOT true about hieroglyphics?
A. Egyptians thought they were magical.	B. They are an ancient form of writing.
C. They showed everyday things.	D. They are painted on the outside of the pyramids.
Question 42: The limestone used came from...
A. Tura	B. the river.	C. Giza.	D. Aswan.
Question 43: The Great Pyramid of Giza...
A. was built by 2,300,000 workers	B. took many years to build.
C. has 40 storeys.	D. looks like a modern building,
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
 Question 44:A. cluster	B. clutch	C. muster	D. butcher
 Question 45:A. clown	B. frown	C. flown	D. down
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 46: If you want to save your eyesight, we must operate immediately.
A. Only by operating immediately can we save your eyesight.
B. An operation has to be saved on your eyesight immediately.
C. Your eyesight must be operated immediately to save it.
D. It is only safe to operate your eyesight immediately.
Question 47: It’s impossible for them to have found him in that crowd.
A. They are not able to find him in that crowd.
B. To find him in that crowd can’t be done by them.
C. He can't have been found in that crowd.
D. Finding him in that crowd for him is impossible.
Question 48: In the unlikely event of a fire, please do not use the lift.
A. The lift is only used in case there is a fire.
B. Should there be a fire, please do not use the lift.
C. It is impossible to use the lift even in a fire.
D. If a fire is likely to happen, the lift isn’t used.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
 Question 49:A. domestic	B. accompany	C. counterpart	D. eventually
 Question 50:A. selective	B. compulsory	C. optional	D. inhabitant
The End
SỞ GIÁO DỤC ĐÀO TẠO BÀI THI THỬ KỲ THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG 
 ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC NĂM HỌC 2018- 2019
 (Đề gồm có 04 trang) MÔN TIẾNG ANH ~ MÃ ĐỀ 268
 Thời gian: 60 phút - không tính thời gian giao đề
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
 Question 1:A. butcher	B. cluster	C. muster	D. clutch
 Question 2:A. down	B. flown	C. frown	D. clown
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.
Question 3: ~ A: "............." ~ B: "Well actually, I’m not too keen on either."
A. Do you often use a pen or a pencil?
B. Would you rather go fishing or white-water rafting?
C. Is an iPhone X or a Galaxy S9 more accessible?
D. Rain or shine, I'd rather stay at home and read.
Question 4: ~ A: "What sort of things do you like doing in your free time?" ~ B: "............."
A. I hate shopping.	 B. None. Been starved since 9 yesterday.
C. Nothing special. Just some photos I took on the trip to Nepal. D. I love checking out the shops for new clothes.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
 Question 5:A. selective	B. compulsory	C. optional	D. inhabitant
 Question 6:A. eventually	B. accompany	C. domestic	D. counterpart
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 7: House prices have plummeted in recent months.
A. soared	B. raised	C. declined	D. deceased
Question 8: You've just got to get off your tail and start looking for a job.
A. be down in the mouth	B. make up yourself	C. be at a loose end	D. sprite up
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 9: I said "Good morning" but he just cut me dead.
A. stopped short	B. let down	C. pretended not to hear	D. looked away
Question 10: She's going to have to face up to the fact that he's not going to marry her.
A. stand against	B. try to understand	C. confront	D. object to
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 11: The old lady’s savings were considerable as she had.......a little money each week.
A. put by	B. put apart	C. put down	D. put in
Question 12: She says that unfortunately, in the........circumstances, she cannot afford to help us.
A. contemporary	B. ongoing	C. present	D. actual
Question 13: Sarah’s friends all had brothers and sisters but she was a(n).......child.
A. only	B. singular	C. individual	D. single
Question 14: The increased pay offer was accepted although it......short of what the employees wanted.
A. arrived	B. came	C. ended	D. fell
Question 15: People who take on a second job inevitably.......themselves to greater stress.
A. place	B. field	C. subject	D. offer
Question 16: By the time we got home, we were.......frozen and starveing hungry.
A. very	B. extremely	C. exceedingly	D. absolutely
Question 17: His poor handling of the business........on negligence.
A. neared	B. edged	C. approached	D. bordered
Question 18: Price increases are now running at a(n)........level of thirty per cent.
A. record	B. uppermost	C. highest	D. top
Question 19: Do you expect there will be a lot of.......to the project from the local community?
A. objections	B. rejections	C. disapproval	D. disagreement
Question 20: The building work must be finished by the end of the month.......of cost.
A. ignorant	B. regardless	C. thoughtless	D. uncaring
Question 21: To begin studying chemistry at this level, you must already have proved your ability in a related........
A. line	B. region	C. rule	D. discipline
Question 22: .......from being embarrassed by his mistake, the lecturer went on confidently with his talk.
A. Miles	B. Far	C. A long way	D. Distant
¯ Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
 Modern farming methods allow farmers to produce large ...(23)... of cheap food. There is a cost to the environment, though, because intensive farming uses a lot of chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers ...(24)... damage ecosystems and destroy wildlife. It also uses a lot of energy because of the amount of machinery used. Not only does the soil ...(25)... from these methods, but the quality of the food is reduced, too.
 Organic farming, on the other hand, aims to protect the environment while producing high quality food. Natural fertilisers such as manure and compost are used ...(26)... of man-made or chemical fertilisers. Organic farmers also use natural methods of pest control. They use ladybirds to combat greenfly and burn weeds or pull them out by hand instead of using pesticides. They also use traditional farming methods such as rotating crops to different fields ...(27)... year to maintain the nutrients in the soil.
 Organic food may be a bit expensive. However, it is healthy, tasty and better for the environment.
 Question 23:A. mass	B. numbers	C. lots	D. amounts
 Question 24:A. to	B. of	C. which	D. in
 Question 25:A. prevent	B. suffer	C. draw	D. come
 Question 26:A. because	B. regardless	C. in spite	D. instead
 Question 27:A. over	B. each	C. all	D. by
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 28: In the unlikely event of a fire, please do not use the lift.
A. The lift is only used in case there is a fire.
B. Should there be a fire, please do not use the lift.
C. If a fire is likely to happen, the lift isn’t used.
D. It is impossible to use the lift even in a fire.
Question 29: It’s impossible for them to have found him in that crowd.
A. He can't have been found in that crowd.
B. Finding him in that crowd for him is impossible.
C. They are not able to find him in that crowd.
D. To find him in that crowd can’t be done by them.
Question 30: If you want to save your eyesight, we must operate immediately.
A. It is only safe to operate your eyesight immediately.
B. Your eyesight must be operated immediately to save it.
C. Only by operating immediately can we save your eyesight.
D. An operation has to be saved on your eyesight immediately.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 31: No matter what happens, he will not let me to borrow his computer.
A. No	B. his	C. will not	D. borrow
Question 32: I am trying since I was at school to learn another foreign language but it's very difficult for me.
A. to learn	B. am trying	C. for	D. but
Question 33: You really must be more careful when you do your exercises because you did six elementary mistakes in this one.
A. did	B. one	C. do	D. more careful
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 34: We thought we would never find help. We saw a little house in the distance.
A. We thought we would never find help as we saw a little house in the distance
B. We thought we would never find help until we saw a little house in the distance.
C. Only when we thought we would never find help, we saw a little house in the distance
D. Not until we thought we would never find help, we saw a little house in the distance.	 
Question 35: She was trying to unlock the door. She was using the wrong key.
A. She was trying to unlock the door but she was using the wrong key.
B. She was trying to unlock the door by using the wrong key.
C. She was trying to unlock the door because she was using the wrong key.
D. Using the wrong key, she was trying to unlock the door.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
 The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust.
 There are two kinds of crust, a lower and denser oceanic dust and an upper, lighter continental crust found over only about 40 percent of the Earth's surface. The rocks of the crust are of very different ages. Some continental rocks are over 3,000 million years old, while those of the ocean floor are less than 200 million years old. The crusts and the top, solid part of the mantle, totaling about 70 to 100 kilometres in thickness, at present appear to consist of about 15 rigid plates, 7 of which are very large. These plates move over the semimolten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.
 There are three main types of zones of contact: spreading contacts where plates move apart, converging contacts where plates move towards each other, and transforming contacts where plates slide past each other. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at mid-ocean ridges. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents, a rift is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates moved in opposite directions. At the same time a: margins of converging plates, the oceanic crust is icing reabsorbed by being subducted into the mantle and remelted beneath the ocean trenches. When two plates carrying continents collide, the continental blocks, too light to be drawn down, continue to float and therefore buckle to form a mountain chain along the length of the margin of the plates.
Question 36: The word "buckle" in the last line is closest in meaning to.........
A. bend	B. rise up	C. get closer	D. break off
Question 37: What does the second paragraph of the passage mainly discuss?
A. The rates at which continents move.	B. Processes that create the Earth's surface features.
C. The composition of the ocean floors.	D. The major mountain chains of the Earth.
Question 38: According to the passage, on approximately what percent of the Earth's surface is the continental crust found?
A. 70	B. 100	C. 15	D. 40
Question 39: The word "spreading" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to.......
A. converging	B. diverging	C. covering	D. moving
Question 40: Where in the passage does the author describe how oceans are formed?
A. The second half of paragraph 1.	B. The first half of paragraph 1.
C. The middle of paragraph 2.	D. The second half of paragraph 2.
Question 41: We can infer from the passage that.........
A. the Earth’s crust comprises three principal layers
B. the Atlantic Ocean was formed by converging contacts
C. a rift is formed by transforming contacts
D. continental rocks are far older than the oceanic ones
Question 42: According to the passage, mountain ranges are formed when.........
A. two plates separate	B. continental plates collide
C. a rift is flooded	D. the crust is remelted
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
THE PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT
 Since ancient times, the pyramids at Giza in Egypt have been one of the world's most popular tourist destinations. The largest of these, the Great Pyramid of Giza, or Khufu’s Pyramid, is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that still survives today. It was the tallest building in the world for almost 5,000 years - that is, until the Eiffel Tower was built in 1889. Pharaohs, the first rulers of Egypt, built pyramids to show their power to the people. The first Pharaohs built much simpler tombs called mastabas. These mastabas were square buildings with a room inside big enough for the coffin, the mummy of the pharaoh’s body and his treasures. Ancient Egyptians believed that dead people still needed their bodies and treasures, such as paintings, gold and jewels, for their life after death.
 Many of the pyramids were decorated inside, especially in the room where the dead pharaoh was laid. Archaeologists discovered many pictures in the tombs and mysterious writing on the walls called hieroglyphics.
 Invented about 5,000 years ago, hieroglyphics are the oldest form of writing. They were just simple drawings of everyday things we see and hear. The Egyptians believed that both the hieroglyphics and the tomb pictures were magical, which is why they painted them inside the pyramids.
 When we look at the pyramids today, it is easy to see that they were built to last for a very long time. Have you ever wondered how these great monuments were built? Many archaeologists believe that the builders first studied the stars to decide which direction the pyramid would face, as Egyptians believed the pharaohs would join the stars after death.
 Then, they built a small mastaba on the ground. Next, they put dirt and stones all over it, leaving a tunnel to the outside. To raise the stones to the top of the pyramid, they probably built long ramps and then rolled the stones up them. The city of Giza is on the River Nile. The Nile