Bài tập thực hành chuyên sâu môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 8 - Unit 7: Pollution

UNIT 7: POLLUTION
A. TỪ VỰNG:
1. affect (v) /əˈfekt/: làm ảnh hưởng
2. algea (n) /ˈỉldʒiː/: tảo
3. aquatic (adj) /əˈkwỉtɪk/: dưới nước
4. billboard (n) /ˈbɪlbɔːd/: biển quảng cáo ngồi trời
5. blood pressure (n) /blʌd ˈpreʃə/: huyết áp
6. cause (n,v) /kɔːz/: nguyên nhân, gây ra
7. cholera (n) /ˈkɒlərə/: bệnh tả
8. come up with (v) /kʌm ʌp wɪð/: nghĩ ra
9. contaminate (v) /kənˈtỉmɪneɪt/: làm bẩn
10. contaminant (n) /kənˈtỉmɪnənt/: chất gây bẩn
11. dump (v) /dʌmp/: vứt, bỏ
12. earplug (n) /ˈɪəplʌɡ/: cái nút tai
13. effect (n) /ɪˈfekt/: kết quả
14. fine (v) /faɪn/: phạt tiền
15. float (v) /f əʊt/: nổi
16. groundwater (n) /ˈɡraʊndwɔːtə/: nước ngầm
17. hearing loss (n) /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/: mất thính lực
18. illustrate (v) /ˈɪləstreɪt/: minh họa
19. litter (n, v) /ˈlɪtə/: rác vụn (mẩu giấy, vỏ lon), vứt rác
20. measure (v) /ˈmeʒə/: đo
21. non-point source pollution (n) /nɒn-pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/: ơ nhiễm khơng nguồn (nguồn phân tán)
22. permanent (adj) /ˈpɜːmənənt/: vĩnh viễn
23. point source pollution (n) /pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/: ơ nhiễm cĩ nguồn
24. poison (n, v) /ˈpɔɪzn/: chất độc, làm nhiễm độc
25. pollutant (n) /pəˈluːtənt/: chất gây ơ nhiễm
26. radioactive (adj) /ˌreɪdiəʊˈỉktɪv/: thuộc về phĩng xạ
27. radiation (n) /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/: phĩng xạ
28. thermal (adj) /ˈθɜːml/: thuộc về nhiệt
29. untreated (adj) /ˌʌnˈtriːtɪd/: khơng được xử lý
30. visual (adj) /ˈvɪʒuəl/: thuộc về thị giác
B. NGỮ PHÁP:
I. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES - TYPE 1 (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1)
1. Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại I.
Câu điều kiện loại I cịn được gọi là câu điều kiện cĩ thực ở hiện tại. Điều kiện cĩ thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
2. Cấu trúc – Cơng thức của câu điều kiện
If clause
Main clause
If + S + V s(es)...
S + will / can/ may + V1 (won't/can't + VI)
Hiểu cách khác trong câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng thì tương lai đơn.
IF + Chủ ngữ 1 + Động từ chia ở thì hiện tại đơn + Bổ ngữ, Chủ ngữ 2 + WILL + Động từ nguyên mẫu + Bổ ngữ (nếu cĩ).
Chủ ngữ 1 và chủ ngữ 2 cĩ thể trùng nhau. Bổ ngữ cĩ thể khơng cĩ, tùy ý nghĩa của câu. Mệnh đề IF và mệnh đề chính cĩ thể đứng trước hay sau đều được.
Trong câu điều kiện loại I, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở thì hiện tại đơn, cịn động từ trong mệnh đề chính chia ở thì tương lai đơn.
3. Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 1:
Câu điều kiện loại 1 cịn cĩ thể được gọi là câu điều kiện hiện tại cĩ thể cĩ thật. Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1 để đặt ra một điều kiện cĩ thể thực hiện được trong hiện tại và nêu kết quả cĩ thể xảy ra.
Ví dụ:
 If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. ( Nếu tơi tìm được địa chỉ của cơ ấy, tơi sẽ gửi lời mời tới cơ ấy) => Đổi vị trí 2 mệnh đề quan hệ:  I will send her an invitation if I find her address.)
If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari. (Nếu John cĩ nhiều tiền, anh ấy sẽ mua chiếc Ferrari)
Các ví dụ khác cho câu điều kiện loại 1:
1. If Caroline and Sue prepare the salad, Phil will decorate the house.
2. If Sue cuts the onions for the salad, Caroline will peel the mushrooms.
3. Jane will hoover the sitting room if Aaron and Tim move the furniture.
4. If Bob tidies up the kitchen, Anita will clean the toilet.
5. Elaine will buy the drinks if somebody helps her carry the bottles.
II. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES - TYPE 2 (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2)
Câu điều kiện loại II là câu điều kiện khơng cĩ thực ở hiện tại.
1. Cấu trúc:
If + S + V (QKĐ), S + would/ could (not) + V.
2. Cách dùng:
Câu điều kiện loại 2 Chỉ sự việc khơng thể hoặc khĩ cĩ thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ví dụ:
            If I were you, I would go abroad.
            (Nếu tơi là bạn, tơi sẽ đi nước ngồi)
Diễn tả hành động “khơng cĩ thật” ở “hiện tại” hoặc “tương lai”
Ví dụ:
            It isn't cold now so I switch on the fans
       => If it were cold now, we wouldn't switch on the fans.
            (Nếu trời lạnh, chúng tơi sẽ khơng bật quạt)
       => Hiện tại trời khơng lạnh nên chúng tơi bật quạt hoặc nếu tương lai xảy ra thì cũng vậy.
* Note: Chúng ta dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngơi, khơng dùng “was”
            If I were a bird, I would fly
            (Nếu tơi là 1 con chim, tơi sẽ bay được)
 “Sự tiếc nuối” ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Ví dụ:
            If he helped me, I could do something
            (Nếu anh ấy giúp tơi, tơi đã cĩ thể làm điều gì đĩ)
       => Hiện tai thì tơi đang tiếc nuối vì anh ấy khơng giúp tơi
Câu điều kiện loại 2 chỉ khả năng
Ví dụ:
- If he tried, he might succeed
         (Nếu anh ấy cố gắng, anh ấy sẽ thành cơng)
- If I lived in France, I could speak French well
         (Nếu tơi sống ở Pháp, tơi sẽ nĩi tiếng Pháp giỏi)
B. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG:
❶.	PHONETICS
I. Choose the words whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group.
1.	A. measure	B. leather	C. mean	D. feather
2.	A. treatment	B. earplug	C. hearing	D. fear
3.	A. poison	B. visual	C. measure	D. pleasure
4.	A. thermal	B. litter	C. permanent	D. service
5.	A. affect	B. cholera	C. pollutant	D. radiation
6. A. artistic	B. academic	C. catholic	D. dramatic
7. A. energetic	B. majestic	C. emphatic	D. pathetic
8. A. critical	B. logical	C. medical	D. biological
9. A. chemical	B. brochure	C. mechanical	D. orchid
10. A. initial	B. tactical	C. topical	D. critical
11. A. heroic	B. government	C. poetic	D. radio
12. A. atmosphere	B. national	C. aquatic	D. apartment
13. A. resident	B. medical	C. illustrate	D. electric
14. A. symbolize	B. continent	C. introduce	D. Japanese
15. A. paradise	B. iconic	C. official	D. scientist
16. A. sharpen 	B. battery 	C. landline 	D. transmit
17. A. pollution	B. earplug	C. dump	D. dust	
18. A. untreated	B. measure	C. pleasure	D. bread
19. A. physical	B. visual	C. music	D. because
20. A. thermal	B. thankful	C. there	D. thorough
21. A. plates	B. cakes	C. mates	D. places
22. A. changed	B. learned	C. laughed	D. arrived
23. A. emergency	B. resident	C. deposit	D. prefer
24. A. wanted	B. decided	C. visited	D. looked
25. A. prison	B. limestone	C. kind	D. tribe
26. A. which	B. who	C. when	D. where
27. A. carry	B. hard	C. card	D. yard
28. A. twice	B. flight	C. piece	D. mind
29. A. about	B. around	C. sound	D. young
30. A. cover	B. oven	C. coffee	D. company
II. Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the other in each group.
1.	A. repetitive	B. electrical	C. priority	D. energetic
2.	A. national	B. physical	C. arrival	D. natural	
3.	A. medical	B. national	C. chemical	D. informal	
4.	A. dramatic	B. tornado	C. historic	D. injury
5.	A. aquatic	B. problematic	C. influential	D. degradable
6. A. conical	B. practical	C. musical	D. mechanic
7. A. electric	B. historic	C. classical	D. botanic
8. A. botanical	B. dialectical	C. economic	D. alphabetic
9. A. chemical	B. artistic	C. medical	D. physical
10. A. scientific	B. fantastic	C. majestic	D. domestic
11. A. improve	B. realize	C. comfort	D. influence
12. A. replace	B. abroad	C. surprise	D. nation
13. A. prepare	B. collect	C. practise	D. advice
14. A. pioneer	B. difficult	C. interesting	D. hospital
15. A. expect	B. happen	C. local	D. wander
❷. MULTIPLE CHOICE
I. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. If I were you, I _____________ for a new car to buy.
A. would look	B. will look	C. look	D. looking
2. If Jenny _____________ ill, she would go out with us.
A. isn't	B. aren't	C. wasn't	D. not been
3. If there _____________ fewer cars on the road, there would be less accident.
A. is	B. were	C. are	D. be
4. If people really cared about environment, they _____________ waste into rivers.
A. didn't dump	B. don't dump	C. shan't dump	D. wouldn't dump
5. You _____________ so tired if you went to bed earlier.
A. won't be	B shan't be	C. couldn't be	D. wouldn't be
6. If you really _____________ me, you would buy me a diamond ring.
A. loved	B. love	C. loves	D. loving
7. If I knew where she lived, I _____________ and see her.
A. will go	B. would go	C. should go	D. went
8. If I _____________ taller, I would buy this dress.
A. am	B. are	C. were	D. being
9. Filters do not remove all _____________ from water.	
A. contaminate	B. contaminants	C. contaminating	D. contamination
10. _____________ is found under the ground in soil, rocks, etc.
A. sea water	B. salt water	C. groundwater	D. hot water
11. If I won a lottery, I _____________ a lot on charity.
A. spend	B. spent	C. will spend	D. would spend
12. If the supermarket is open, I _____________ some food there.
A. will buy	B. would buy	C. bought	D. has bought
13. I will talk to her if you _____________ to do it.
A. won't want	B. didn't want	C. don't want	D. doesn't want
14. If I _____________ more money, I would buy a better car.
A. have	B. had	C. will have	D. would have
15. The farmer had put down some rat _____________.
A. poisoning	B. poisoner	C. poisoned	D. poison
16. _____________ loss can be caused by noise pollution.
A. sound	B. hearing	C. listening	D. audio
17. Ships spill oil in oceans and rivers. This leads _____________ the death of many aquatic animals and plants.
A. to	B. in	C. from	D. at
18. Households pollute water sources by _____________ waste into ponds, lakes, and rivers.
A. damaging	B. dumping	C. losing	D. leading
19. This month’s electricity bill is too high _____________the air conditioner is turned on all the time.
A. since	B. due to	C. although	D. because of
20. The government has come _____________ a solution to the water problems of the city.
A. up to	B. up with	C. to with	 	D. on to
21. All the aquatic plants and animals will die if the factory_____________ dumping poison into the lake.
A. will keep	B. to keep	C. kept	D. keeps
22. A lot of fish has died recently because of the _____________ water in this lake.
A. contaminating	B. contaminated	C. contaminate	D. contaminant
23. If the air was clean, we _____________ have to wear masks when going out.
A. wouldn’t	B. won’t	C. would	D. will
24. If I _____________ you, I _____________ water from that dirty tap.
A. am - will drink	B. am - won’t drink
C. were - would drink	D. were - wouldn’t drink
25. If he _____________ trash around his garden, the garden would look very nice now.
A. will throw	B. would throw	C. didn’t throw	D. doesn’t throw
26. Price and availability are the _____________ factors that will determine product success.
A. critical	B. musical	C. physical	D. medical
27. If it rains, we _____________ the match.	
A. cancel	B. will cancel	C. cancelled	D. cancelling
28. If I were a tree, I _____________ the rain.	
A. love	B. loved	C. will love	D. would love
29. The decor inside the house was very_____________.	
A. fantastic	B. electric	C. mechanic	D. artistic
30. If she _____________ late, we will go without her.	
A. am	B. is	C. was	D. were
31. If I _____________ where she lived, I would go and see her.
A. know	B. knows	C. to know	D. knew
32. We need to be more _____________ about this problem.
A. scientific	B. majestic	C. domestic	D. alphabetic
33. The election campaign has been focused mainly on _____________ issues.
A. dialectical	B. energetic	C. domestic	D. conical
34. If I _____________ the lottery, I would be a millionaire.
A. win	B. wins	C. winning	D. won
35. I will discuss that problem with him if I _____________ him tomorrow.
A. see	B. sees	C. to see	D. seeing
36. If I knew Chinese, I _____________ for job in China.
A. will apply	B. would apply	C. will be applied	D. would be applied
37. She was unable to find a	 _____________ job.
A. important	B. importantly	C. permanent	D. permanently
38. Any company found to be breaking these rules will be heavily _____________.
A. fined	B. done	C. made	D. got
39. These figures are for _____________ purposes only.
A. illustrate	B. illustrating	C. illustrative	D. illustration
40. I would go jogging with Mark if he _____________ here today.
A. is	B. will be	C. were	D. would be
41. Many species of wildlife are becoming extinct, _____________ the rainforests are being destroyed.
A. therefore	B. since	C. consequently	D. so
42. Hemp can be used to make paper, _____________ it could reduce the need for logging.
 A. consequently	B. due to	C. so	D. since
43. _____________ logging provides jobs and profits, the government is reluctant to control it.
A . So	B. Consequently	C. Since	D. Due to
44. Hemp was grown throughout history_____________ its versatility; it can be used to make many different things.
A. due to	B. because	C. since	D. as a result
45. Hemp is related to the marijuana plant; _____________ it is illegal in many countries.
A. so	B. due to	C. as a result	D. because
46. The polluted chemical waste was dumped into the ocean; _____________,the mass of fish died.
A. because	B. as	C. because of	D. consequently
47. It was guessed that the fish died_____________ a powerful toxin in the sea water.
A. because of	B. because	C. since	D. as a result
48. Many species in BC are threatened _____________ logging.
A. so	B. because	C. since	D. due to
49. Smoking can_____________ heart disease.
A. lead to	B. create	C. causes	D. due to
50. Radioactive pollution is increasing	_____________ the increased use of radioactivity.
A. as	B. since	C. because of	D. because
❸. WORD FORMS
I. Give the correct form of the word given to complete the sentence.
1. The company must reduce costs to compete _____________. 	(EFFECT)
2. The small blood vessels in the nose _____________ easily. 	(BLOOD)
3. The barriers gave way under the _____________ of the crowd. 	(PRESS)
4. Filters do not remove all _____________ from water. 	(CONTAMINATE)
5. I will use one recent example as an _____________ . 	(ILLUSTRATE)
6. I’ll need to take your waist _____________. 	(MEASURE)
7. We no longer talk of the _____________ of marriage. 	(PERMANENT)
8. There are various _____________ available for this condition. 	(TREAT)
9. They emit 90% less _____________ than standard models. 	(POLLUTE)
10. It is important to take precise _____________ of the structure. 	(MEASURE)
11. The college is close to Edinburgh's _____________ castle. 	(MAJESTY)
12. The centre offers activities for everyone, whatever your age or _____________ condition. (PHYSICS)
13. _____________treatment with chlorine provides some protection against contamination. (CHEMISTRY)
14. It was a _____________ conclusion from the child's point of view. (LOGIC)
15. They met to discuss matters of _____________ interest. 	(TOPIC)
16. I think I'd prefer something a little less _____________. 	(ENERGY)
17. The students return in October for the start of the new _____________ year. (ACADEMY)
18. Events could have developed in a _____________ different way. (DRAMA)
19. The breakdown was due to a _____________ failure. 	(MECHANIC)
20. I suspect that he was dismissed for _____________ reasons. 	(POLITICS)
❹. VERB FORMS
I. Put the verbs into the correct forms.
1. If people (be) _____________ fully aware of the dangers of air pollution, they (damage) _____________ the atmosphere this way.
2. If I (be) _____________ you, I (turn) _____________ the volume down for him to sleep.
3. We (not be) _____________ able to drink that water if it is not refined.
4. If you (reduce) _____________ the number of bulbs in your house, you (pay) _____________ less money for the electricity bill next month.
5. If many animals and plants die, it (unbalance) _____________ our ecosystem.
6. I’ll only stay if you (offer) _____________ me more money.
7. If anyone (call) _____________, tell them I'm not at home.
8. If he (improve) _____________ his IT skills, he'd easily get a job.
9. If I was in charge, I (do) _____________ things differently.
10. She (glare) _____________ at me if I go near her desk.
11. If I were you, I (not do) _____________ that.
12. If I (have) _____________ more time, I would do more on my websites.
13. If I were a rich man, I (buy) _____________ a home like palace.
14. If I (speak) _____________ English very well, I would look for a job in foreign companies.
15. If I (understand) _____________ what the teacher said, I could tell you.
16. If I (have) _____________ time, I (finish) _____________ that letter.
17. What you (do) _____________ if you (miss) _____________ the plane?
18. Nobody (notice) _____________ if you (make)_____________ a mistake.
19. If you (drop) _____________ that glass, it (break) _____________.
20. If you (not leave) _____________, I (call) _____________ the police.
❺. CORRECTION
I. Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it.
1. When it stopped raining. I would go to see him.
	A B C D
2. You would miss the bus if you wouldn't hurry up.
 A B C D
3. How much would it be if I pay by cheque?
	 A B C D
4. If I were you, I will go jogging every morning.
 A B C D
5. He should go to the concert if you gave him your ticket.
 A B C D
6. We might buy a larger house when we had more money.
 A B C D
7. Education has been severely effected by the war.
 A B C D
8. Unemployment is a major cause poverty.
 A B C D
9. They were accused of contaminate the minds of our young people.
 A B C D
10. He is showing these silent films to help illustrating his story of survival.
 A B C D
11. The photographs she takes are a vision record of her travels.
 A B C D
12.	 Constant exposure to noise pollution will lead in the loss of hearing.
 A	 B	 C	 D
13.	 Because of we turned on a lot of bulbs, our eyes got strained.	
	 A	 B	 C	 D
14.	 If he reads this article, I guess that he would never do any harms to environment any more. A	 B	 C	
15.	 The local citizens would be very happy if they were supplied with a clean water
	A B	 C	 D
16.	 If the environment were not polluted, birds wouldn’t leave their habitats and plants would die. A B	 C
	 D	
17.	The door will be unlock if you press the green button.
	A	B	C	D
9.	We’ll have a long way to walking if we run out to petrol here.
 A	 B 	C	 D
19. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you would you choosing? A	 B C D	
20.	The flight may to be cancelled if the fog gets thick. 
 A	 B	C	 D
❻. READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).
	There are three main (1)  of pollution: air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. Air, which is the most important element of our environment for our (2), can be polluted in many ways. Smoke in the air from mills, factories and industry (3)  carbon, monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane, which are all poisonous gases. This leads (4)  health problems like asthma and lung diseases, and the thinning of the ozone layer, which (5) us from harmful UV ray. China, the USA, Russia, India, Mexico and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution (6) Water is also polluted by the discharge of commercial and industrial waste. Sewage in drinking water is another (7) of water pollution as it contains germs and viruses. The noise of vehicles, mills, and factories can be really unbearable. This kind of constant sound also (8) headaches, tension, (9) .. stress and migraines. People living next to a building site where there is too much noise can become sick, as they cannot sleep or relax. This is (10)noise pollution.
	1. 	A. types	B. kinds	C. models	D. both A & B
	2.	A. survival	B. survive	C. surviving	D. survived
	3. 	A. includes	B. include	C. contains	D. contain
	4. 	A. in	B. into	C. to	D. from
	5.	A. prevents	B. protects	C. avoids	D. hides
	6.	A. emissions	B. emitted	C. emission	D. emitting
	7. 	A. effect	B. cause	C. result	D. consequence
	8. 	A. causes	B. leads to	C. results in	D. all are correct
	9.	A. brain	B. mind	C. head	D. mental
	10. A. told	B. called	C. said	D. mentioned
II. Read the passage. Answer the questions below.
Scientists have discovered that the ozone layer is getting thinner. Some predict that the sun’s rays will cause a sharp increase in deaths from skin cancer over the next fifty years. These harmful rays can also damage the eyes, create wrinkles, and cause other health problems.
	The stratosphere contains a form of oxygen called ozone. Ozone is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms. The chemical formula of ozone is 03. Oxygen molecules make up about 21% of all gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. They consist of two atoms of oxygen and are labeled 02. Most ozone found in our atmosphere is formed by an interaction between oxygen molecules and ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun. When ultraviolet radiation hits an oxygen molecule, it may cause the molecule to break apart into single atoms of oxygen. These single atoms are very reactive, and a single oxygen atom can combine with a molecule of oxygen to form ozone.
1.	What do people say about the rate of deaths from skin cancer in the future?
2. 	How many oxygen atoms are there in a molecule?
3.	What elements participate in the formation process of ozone?
4. What happens when an oxygen molecule and an ultraviolet radiation hit each other?
5.	What is the feature of single atoms?
III. Read the following text and decide which answer best fits each numbered blank.
	Industrialized countries (1) _____________ worked to reduce levels of sulphur dioxide, smog, and smoke in (2) _____________ to improve people's health. But a result, not predicted until recently, is that (3) _____________ lower sulphur dioxide levels may actually (4) _____________ global warming worse. Just as sulphur dioxide (5) _____________ volcanoes can cool the planet by blocking sunlight, cutting the amount (6) _____________ the compound in the atmosphere lets more sunlight through, warming the Earth. This effect is exaggerated (7) _____________ elevated levels of other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the additional heat.
	Most people agree that to curb global warming, (8) _____________ variety of measures need to be taken. On a (9) _____________ level, driving and flying less, recycling, and conservation reduces a person's "carbon footprint" – the amount of carbon dioxide a person is responsible for (10) _____________ into the atmosphere.
1.	A. has	B. have	C. had	D. having
2.	A. direction	B. demand	C. instruction	D. order
3.	A. a	B. an	C. the	D. one
4.	A. make	B. do	C. go	D. move
5.	A. in	B. within	C. to	D. from
6.	A. on	B. of	C. with	D. under
7.	A. what	B. when	C. which	D. where
8,	A. a	B. an	C. the	D. one
9.	A. person	B. people	C. personal	D. personally
10.	A. to put	B. put	C. putting	D. puts
IV. Read the following text and use the words given in the box to fill in the blanks.
us
different
nature
due to
waste
chemicals
and
why
However
dead
	With the rise of concrete buildings and roads, one part of the Earth that we rarely see is the soil. It has many (1) _____________ names, such as dirt, mud and ground. However, it is definitely very important to (2) _____________. The plants that feed us grow in soil (3) _____________ keeping it healthy is essential to maintaining a beautiful planet. (4) _____________, like all other forms of nature, soil also suffers from pollution. The pollution of soil is a common thing these days, and it happens (5)_____________ the presence of man-made elements.
	The main reason (6) _____________ the soil becomes contaminated is due to the presence of man-made waste. The waste produced from (7) _____________ itself such as (8) _____________ plants, carcasses of animals and rotten fruits and vegetables only adds to the fertility of the soil. However, our (9) _____________ products are full of (10) _____________ that are not originally found in nature and lead to soil pollution.
V. Read the following text and answer the questions below.
	The effects of air pollution are alarming. They are known to create several respiratory and heart conditions along with Cancer, among other threats to the body. Several millions are known to have died due to direct or indirect effects of Air pollution. Children in areas exposed to air pollutants are said to commonly suffer from pneumonia and asthma.
	Another direct effect is the immediate alterations that the world is witnessing due to Global warming. With increased temperatures worldwide, increase in sea levels and melting of ice from colder regions and icebergs, displacement and loss of habitat have already signalled an impending disaster if actions for preservation and normalization aren't undertaken soon.
	Harmful gases like nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides are released into the atmosphere during the burning of fossil fuels. When it rains, the water droplets combine with these air pollutants, becomes acidic and then falls on the ground in the form of acid rain. Acid rain can cause great damage to human, animals and crops.
1. What problems does air pollution create?
____________________________________________________________________
2. How many people are known to have died due to effects of air pollution?
____________________________________________________________________
3. What is the reason for the increase in sea levels and melting of ice?
____________________________________________________________________
4. What gases can the burning of fossil fuel create?
____________________________________________________________________5. How does acid rain form?
____________________________________________________________________
❼.	WRITING
I. Rewrite the following sentences based on the given words.
1. People don’t care much about environment, so they keep making it worse.
→ If people	____________________________________________________
2. She suffered from a serious disease because of drinking contaminated water in a long time.
→ Since________________________________________________________	
3. The drainage system is damaged. There is not enough water for the crop.
→ If the drainage system_____________________________________________ 	
4. “Why don’t you turn off more lights in the house to reduce your eyestrain?”
→ If I	__________________________________________________________
5. The improvements of the public transport system will encourage more people to use it.
→ If____________________________________________________________	
II. Combine each pair of the following sentences using the words/phrases in brackets.
l. A serious road accident happened. There was a traffic chaos yesterday. (CAUSED)
____________________________________________________________________
2. I had to get the mop. I spilled my juice. (SINCE)
____________________________________________________________________
3. He walked slowly. He has a bad leg. (BECAUSE OF
____________________________________________________________________
4. A peacock will spread his feathers, he will attract a female. (SO)
____________________________________________________________________
5. The cyclone has come. Many thousands of deaths. (RESULTED IN)
____________________________________________________________________
6. Don't eat too much sugar. It creates health problems. (LEAD TO)
____________________________________________________________________
7. The weather was bad. That's why our departure delayed (BECAUSE OF)
____________________________________________________________________
8. There was damage to our property because of the fire. (RESULTED IN)
____________________________________________________________________
9. They haven't reply our invitation so far. I think they are not coming. (SINCE)
____________________________________________________________________
10. The road condition is poor. There has been several accidents. (CAUSED)
____________________________________________________________________
III. Use the given words to write the complete conditional sentences type 2.
1. If/I/ be/ you/I/ eat/ more vegetable.
____________________________________________________________________
2. More/ foreign tourist/ come/ here/ if/ environment/ clean.
____________________________________________________________________
3. What/ happen/ if/ there/ be/ no woman/ world?
____________________________________________________________________
4. If/I/ be/ his father/I/ ask/ him/ learn English/ better.
____________________________________________________________________
5. If/ there/ be/ no war/ earth/ people/ live/ peace/ forever.
____________________________________________________________________
6. Flood/ not happen/ so regularly/ if/ people/ not cut down/ so many/ tree.
____________________________________________________________________
7. If/ they/ tell/ their father/ he/ be/ very angry.
____________________________________________________________________
8. She/ spend/ a year/ USA/ if/ it/ be/ easy/ get/ green card.
____________________________________________________________________
9. If/I/ live/ lonely island/I/ be/ very sad all day.
____________________________________________________________________
10. My brother/ buy/ sport car/ if/ he/ have/ money.
____________________________________________________________________
IV. Finish each of the following sentences so that its meaning stays the same.
1. Richard is too young to see the horror film.
→ Richard is not _________________________________________________
2. Remember to turn off the fan before leaving the room.
→ Don't ________________________________________________________ 
3. That man is very intelligent.
→ What ________________________________________________________	
4. I intended to come over to pick you up.
→ I was ________________________________________________________
5. My sister's hair is long and black.
→ My sister has __________________________________________________
6. The supermarket is near Trung's house.
→ The supermarket isn't ___________________________________________
7. Alexander G. Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
→ Alexander G. Bell was __________________________________________
8. I'll phone you tomorrow morning.
→ I’ll give ______________________________________________________