Bài tập môn Tiếng Anh - Luyện thi Đại Học năm học 2015-2016 - Bài số 23 - Phạm Thái Bạch Mai

LESSON 23 – May 18th, 2016
READING1. Read this article quickly, ignoring the missing headings. Why does Roland Somogyvary’s name appear twice in the Guinness Book of Records?
RUNNING THE KILLER DESERT
(0) > H <
 Roland Somogyvary is a Frenchman who relishes gruelling, record-breaking runs. He won an entry in the 1989 Guinness Book of Records for covering 600km from Las Vegas to Phoenix in only six days. On his return to France, a friend asked: "Why not do Death Valley?" Why not indeed? No one had crossed it in less than five days, but Roland knew he could do a lot better, if he didn't stop.
(1).....
 Roland began training more or less immediately, but it took a full eight years for his plans to come to fruition. Twice, the attempt was called off at the last minute, but in 1997, Roland gave up his job in a shop and devoted himselt full-time to endurance running. He was determined to see the project through and picked July 19, which was likely to be the hottest day of the year, as his target date. What was his reason? "The idea was that no one could follow and do it any better. It would just be me and my will to run it in one go." California's Death Valley has an extremely harsh climate, with temperatures soaring above 50°C. As part of his preparation, Roland consulted a nutritionist for advice on what sort of diet his body would require during such a run. The nutritionist was pessimistic about Roland's chances in the fierce heat, and predicted that he would be forced to give up within five hours.
(2)......
 But this grim warning came too late - there was no way Roland would chicken out now. Off he flew to Calitornia, accompanied by his two brothers, André and Jean-Claude, who were going to keep up with him on mountain bikes; a doctor, who would try to ensure Roland didn't keel over too early; and a logistics man, who would drive the doctor and his equipment, as well as 300 litres of water and liquid food. Together, they had planned the route meticulously. Roland would run at a speed of between 5 and 9 km/h, depending on the terrain and the temperature. He'd slow down every 15 minutes to gulp down some food, and take very brief stops every hour for a change of Tshirt or running shoes. Sun-block would be put on at 30-minute intervals, to protect him from the sun's killer rays.
(3)......
 When they reached the starting point, conditions were even worse than they had expected, with a searing ground temperature of 93°c. The Death Valley Rangers tried to persuade Roland not to go and reckoned that this mad Frenchman would collapse within three hours. Nevertheless, at five o'clock on the sweltering afternoon of 19 July, Roland set off. There would be no real rest now for 170km. He recounts: "I had truly prepared myself for sheer hell, but the reality was still a slap in the face." At least he didn't have to cope with excess sweating: it was so scorching that the beads of moisture dried on his body as soon as they appeared!
(4) .....
 During the night, Roland experienced hallucinations, but he managed to keep going and completed 60km. As a spectacular dawn bled into the sky, Roland faced a further challenge: over the next 60km he would go from 85m below sea level to an altitude of 1,500m. He had now been running for 14 hours, and the heat hadn't once dropped below 45°C. It was at this point that the back-up car broke down. Both the driver and the doctor had to stay behind to sort it out, leaving Roland and his brothers to press on for over an hour without a single drop of water. Roland remembers feeling the strain: 'I'd entered the 'danger zone', but somehow my legs kept going. With each step, though, I had the impression I was hitting a wall."
(5) ....
 It was now time to take on Strawberry Pass, where Roland would encounter the roughest terrain of the entire run and a blistering temperature of 55°C. Somehow he made it. Wild with fatigue, seriously dehydrated, and having run for a full 28 hours, Roland eventually came to a very thankful halt. "I had dreamt about that moment for eight years," he says. "There were initial set-backs, but we got through Death Valley - and survived." Roland Somogyvary now has two entries in the Guinness Book of Records.
1. Decide on the best headings for 1-5, choosing from A-H. An example is given.
 A. The back-up contingent	B. Facing up to injury
 C. The end of the line	D. Prepared for anything
 E. Long-distance loneliness	F. An uphill struggle
 G. A fiery welcome	H. Taking up the challenge
2. These phrasal verbs come from the article. Match them to meanings 1--8.
 a. call off 	1. withdraw
 b. see through 	2. continue
 c. chicken out 	3. swallow quickly
 d. keep up with 	4. deal with
 e. keel over 	5. complete successfully
 f. gulp down 	6. cancel
 g. sort out 	7. move at the same speed as
 h. press on 	8. faint
 Can you find eight more phrasal verbs in the article?
3. Complete these sentences about Roland Somogyvary, choosing a suitable modal verb.
 a. Roland........really enjoy long-distance running.
 b. A friend of his suggested he........run through Death Valley.
 c. Roland.........wait eight years for the chance to fulfil his ambition.
 d. He chose July 19 so that no one else........ever better his achievement.
 e. The nutritionist thought that Roland.......possibly keep going for more than five 
 hours.
 f. Roland and his team.........worked very hard at the planning stage.
 g. The Death Valley Rangers believed that Roland.........gone ahead with the run.
 h. During the run, Roland.......stop while he was taking food and water.
 i. Because of its terrain, Strawberry Pass.........been more difficult to run through.
j. Roland felt exhausted at the end, and he.........been in pain, too. We don’t know.
CLOZE-TEST. Read the text below and decide the best answer (A, B, C or D) 
BRINGING UP A FAMILY
 ‘It can be so difficult to support a family and bring up children,’ says Michael Wilson, father of two teenage girls. ‘It’s something that (0) [nobody] can ever prepare you for because every family (1)........of different people and personalities. Firstly, you have to make sure that everyone has what they (2)........ . Children require so many things these days, from school uniforms and books, pens and pencils to games, toys, computers and, of course, clothes. Secondly, there is always the concern that they might be (3).......danger. I (4).......so many terrible things on the news every day that I always wonder whether my own children are safe or (5).......and sometimes I get very concerned, even if they are only a little late (6).......home. That’s what they don’t (7)........when I tell them off.
 Of course, there are wonderful aspects to (8)........a family. It is a great pleasure to (9).......them grow and develop their own personalities, not to mention the love and warmth that exists in a family. My wife and children are the most precious things in my life and, (10).......the difficulties, I can honestly say that I wouldn’t change a thing!’
0. A. nobody 	B. somebody 	C. one 	D. they
1. A. includes 	B. consists 	C. has 	D. contains
2. A. need 	B. ask 	C. wish 	D. request
3. A. on 	B. in 	C. at 	D. out
4. A. listen 	B. look 	C. watch 	D. see
5. A. so 	B. no 	C. not 	D. what
6. A. reaching 	B. going 	C. coming 	D. making
7. A. think 	B. imagine 	C. wonder 	D. understand
8. A. having 	B. growing 	C. bringing 	D. rising
9. A. look 	B. watch 	C. glimpse 	D. stare
10. A. however 	B. in spite 	C. despite 	D. although
GAP-FILL. Read the text and fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.
Humans And Other Life Forms
 Humans (1)........much in common with other life forms on Earth. (2).......the very first life forms appeared, all livng things have (3)......desperately struggling to survive the harsh and changing conditions of our planet. This has(4).......adapting to new situations and, in many cases, has (5)........to either evolution or extinction. We are (6)........alone in making use of the world around us (birds use twigs to build nests, for example) or in being particularly skilful (spiders make intricatewebs). Where we (7).......differ from other life forms, however, (8)......in our ability to record, and learn from, our collective history. In this, it (9).......that we (10).......unique.
(11)........ is still much mankind (12)........not know about the earliest humans, of course, but we are increasingly (13)........a species with detailed knowledge about our past. The more we learn, the better (14).......our chances of survival in the future. It must also be recognised, however, that we are also the only species on Earth which (15).........managed to create the means to destroy the planet we live on.
WRITING. Change the following sentences into reported speech using one of the verbs below.
invite offer suggest remind warn promise refuse admit deny apologise
1. "I'm sorry that I hurt you," he said to her.
 He apologised for hurting her.
2. "I'll give you a lift home if you like," he said to her.
 He.............................................................. .
3. "Yes, it was me who crashed into the garage door," she said.
 She............................................................. .
4. "No, I will not lend you a thousand pounds," she said to him.
 She............................................................. .
5. "I will write to you every day," he said to his mother.
 He.............................................................. .
6. "Would you like to come to my party?" he said to them.
 He.............................................................. .
7. "Perhaps going to bed early tonight would be a good idea," she said.
 She............................................................. .
8. "No, I didn't tell anyone about it," he said.
 He.............................................................. .
9. "Don't forget to go to the bank, Simon," she said.
 She............................................................. .
10. "Don't eat those mushrooms, or you'll be sick," she said to him.
 She............................................................. .
KEY-WORD TRANSFORMATION. Complete the second sentence with between two and five words, including the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
1. 'It was Fred who didn't send the documents on time', said Sam. 	ACCUSED
 Sam..............................the documents on time.
2. 'Sarah, if I were you, I'd have a rest now', James told her. 	ADVISED
 James..............................a rest.
3. We left because we had to go to a meeting. 	REASON
 The..............................because we had to go to a meeting.
4. 'I didn’t take your computer,' he said to me. 	DENIED
 He..............................computer.
5. I can’t find my wallet. Perhaps someone took it. 	MAY
 Someone..............................my wallet.
6. We can't afford to go to the concert now. 	ENOUGH
 We..............................to go to the concert now. 
ESSAY. Put A, B, C, D and E in good order to form a paragraph Then identify the topic sentence.
 A. One advantage of doing exercise is to reduce stress. People who practise exercisevregularly are likely to feel more relaxed, healthier, and of course happier. Doing regular exercise helps the body produce happy chemicals that make the exercisers reduce the worries about life and work, and lessen boredom and unhappiness too.
 B. The other good thing is that doing exercise helps us feel more self-confident. We know exactly what we can do or whatever abilities, or talents we have. We will think positively, work confidently, and lead an optimistic life if we practise exercise regularly. Controlling our weight effectively is another value. Perspiration occurs when we do exercise, which helps our bodies get rid of something poisonous from inside. Fats are burnt during our practising exercise. Thus, we may keep fit.
 C. Health is considered to be the most valuable thing one possesses. Improving health is always a prior task in one’s daily routine. And the simplest, cheapest, but the most effective way to better one’s health is doing regular exercise. 
 D. Another benefit exercising brings us is that we will feel more energetic to face and overcome our daily difficulties. Doing exercise helps us reduce the possibilities of getting ill, protects us from some fatal diseases as heart disease, cancers and diabetes. Regular exercisers are believed to have healthier, happier and longer lives.
 E. To sum up, doing exercise enables people to have good body-buildings, keep fit and get many benefits to ensure us a longer, healthier and happier life.
1. .. 2.  3. . 4.  5. E
KEY TO LESSON 23
READING 1.
1. 1D 2A 3G 4F 5C	2. a. 6 b. 5 c. 1 d. 7 e. 8 f. 3 g. 4 h. 2
 give up (2), slow down, fly off, put on, set off, break down, take on, get through
3. 
 a. must 	b. could / might / should / ought to
 c. had to	d. could / might / would
 e. couldn’t	f. must have
 g. shouldn’t have	h. didn't need to / didn’t have to
 i. would have / must have	j. might have / could have
CLOZE—TEST. 1. B - 2. A - 3. B - 4. D - 5. C - 6. C - 7. D - 8. A - 9. B - 10. C
GAP-FILL. 1. have 2. Since 3. been 4. meant/involved 5. led 6. not 7. do 8. is 9. appears/seems 10. are 11. There 12. does 13. becoming 14. are 15. Has
WRITING. 
1. He [apologised] for hurting her.	2. He [offered] to give her a lift home.
3. She [admitted] crashing into the garage door.
4. She [refused] to lend him a thousand pounds.
5. He [promised] to write to his mother every day.
6. He [invited] them to his party.	 	7. She [suggested] going to bed early that night.
8. He [denied] telling anyone about it.	9. She [reminded] Simon to go to the bank.
10. She [warned] him not to eat those mushrooms or he would be sick.
KEY-WORD TRANSFORMATION
1. accused Fred of not sending - 2. advised Sarah to have - 3. reason (why/that) we left was - 4 denied taking my - 5. may have taken - 6. haven't got/don’t have enough money
ESSAY. 1. C. - 2. A. - 3. D - 4. B - 5. E
 Topic Sentence. And the simplest, cheapest, but the most effective way to better one’s health is doing regular exercise.
to relish = ưa thích nhất = enjoy
gruelling = gây mệt nhoài; gay go
entry = cuộc thi đầu vào
in one go = at the same time
harsh (climate) khắc nghiệt
soaring (temperature) = dâng lên cao
fierce (heat) = dữ dội, khốc liệt
grim (warrning) = nghiêm túc
to keel over = fall over suddenly
logistics = dịch vụ hậu cần
meticulous = tỉ mỉ
to gulp down = nuốt chửng
terrain = địa hình
sun-block = kem chống rám nắng
searing (ground temperature) = tăng vọt
to reckon = tính toán; = consider
sweltering = nóng hầm hập
a slap in the face = cái tát vào mặt; điều sỉ nhục
beads of moisture = giọt mồ hôi
sheer hell = địa ngục thật sự
excess sweating = sự đổ mồ hôi quá mức
hallucination = ảo giác
altitude = độ cao
to sort out = lựa ra từng phần; sửa chữa từng bộ phận
to press on = tiếp tục dấn bước
strain = sự kéo căng; ráng sức
blistering temperature = quá nóng
fatigue = cơn mệt lả
dehydrated = mất nước (cơ thể)
set-backs = trở ngại đột ngột
Dawn bled into sky. = Bình minh rực dỏ như máu trên bầu trời.