Bài ôn tập Tiếng Anh: Câu điều kiện (Conditional sentences)

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
TYPE 0: thể hiện đk luôn đúng ở hiện tại và tương lai
If +S + V/Vs/Ves, S+ V/Vs/Ves
Ex: If you put a paper into the flame, it burns at once.
Đảo ngữ (Were you to meet Jane, please give my best regard to her.)
TYPE 1: Điều kiện có thể xảy ra (open/likely/possible condition)
If +S+ V/Vs/Ves, S + simple future (will+V)
If +S+ V/Vs/Ves, Imperative form (mệnh lệnh cách)
Đảo ngữ: Should + S + V, 
EX: If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach.
 If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
	If you meet Jane, please give my best regard to her.
	If John comes, tell him I am waiting for him at school.
Đảo ngữ (Should you study hard, you will pass the exam.)
TYPE 2: Điều kiện không thật ở hiện tại (present unreal condition)
If + S +V(ed/cột 2)/ did not + V, S + would/could/should (not) + V
Đảo ngữ: 1, If + S + were + N/ adj, S + would/could/should (not) + V
 à Were + S + N/ adj, S + would/could/should (not) + V
 2, If + S +V(ed/cột 2), S + would/could/should (not) + V
 à Were + S + to V, S + would/could/should (not) + V
EX: If it didn’t rain now, we would go to the beach.(e.g It is now raining outside.)
ü If I were you/ If I were in your position is used to give an advice
	EX: If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle. 
Đảo ngữ : (Were I you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle.)
 If I knew it, I would tell you earlier.
Đảo ngữ: (Were I to know it, I would tell you earlier.)
TYPE 3: Điều kiện không thật ở quá khứ (past unreal condition)
If+ S + had (not)+ V(ed/cột 3), S+ would have + V(ed/cột 3)
Đảo ngữ: Had + S+ V(ed/cột 3), S+ would have + V(ed/cột 3)
EX: If it hadn’t rain yesterday, we would have gone to the beach.(e.g It rained heavily yesterday.)
 If I had known she was ill yesterday, I would have come to visit her. 
 If he had worked harder, he could have passed the exams. (e.g he didn’t work hard.)
 If we had brought a map with us, we mightn’t have got lost. 
TYPE 4 mixed ( trong mệnh đề if trái với quá khứ, trong mệnh đề chính trái với hiện tại)
Ex: If I hadn’t stayed up late, I wouldn’t be sleepy now. (I stayed up late and now I am sleepy)
If+ S + had (not)+ V(ed/cột 3), S +would/could/should (not) + V
Một số câu đặc biệt:
1. IF ONLY: nhấn mạnh tình huống giả thiết
If only, I were in your position.
If only he had known she was in hospital, he would have visited her.
2. Sử dụng were to/ had been để tăng tính giả thiết.
- If I were to ask you to lend me some money, what would you say?
- If it hadn’t been for her children, she wouldn’t have sold her house.
3. WISH
- Trái với hiện tại: S + wish + S + V(ed/cột 2)/ did not + V
Ex: I wish I had a bigger house. ( I don’t have a big house now )
- Trái với quá khứ: S + wish + S + had + V(ed/cột 3)/ had not + V(ed/cột 3)
Ex: I wish I hadn’t been ill. ( I were ill )
- Ao ước sẽ sảy ra hoạc phàn nàn về điều gì ngoài ý muốn chủ quan của người nói
 S + wish + S + would/could/should (not) + V
Ex: I wish it wouldn’t rain.
 I wish he wouldn’t keep on smoking
CÁCH VIẾT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN DỰA TRÊN TÌNH HUỐNG
1, Tình huống ở hiện tại à Type 2. Tình huống ở QK à Type 3
2, MĐ 1 , so/ therefore/ that’s why MĐ 2. à MĐ 1 làm mđ If, MĐ 2 thành mđ chính 
3, Nếu 2 MĐ được nối bằng because thì mệnh đề nào đứng sau because sẽ đổi thành mđ If, mđ còn lại thành mđ chính
CÁCH CHUYỂN MỆNH ĐỀ IF THÀNH UNLESS
1, Nếu động từ chính trong mệnh đề If là phủ định thì chuyển if thành unless, bỏ từ phủ định và giữ nguyên mệnh đề chính.
Ex: If she doesn’t water the flowers, they will die. à Unless she waters the flowers, they will die.
 If I had not stayed up late last night, I would not feel asleep now.
 à Unless I had stayed up late last night, I would not feel asleep now.
2, Nếu động từ chính trong mệnh đề If là khẳng định thì chuyển if thành unless, giữ nguyên động từ trong mệnh đề if và chuyển động từ trong mệnh đề chính sang thể ngược lại ( khẳng địnhàphủ định, phủ địnhàkhẳng định).
Ex: If she waters the flowers, they will not die. à Unless she waters the flowers, they will die.
 If I had stayed up late last night, I would feel asleep now.
 à Unless I had stayed up late last night, I would not feel asleep now.
BẢNG CHUYỂN ĐỘNG TỪ 
MỆNH ĐỀ IF
MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH
Câu cho trước à
câu viết lại
Câu cho trước à
câu viết lại
1, Is/ am/ are
Were not
1, Is/ am/ are
Would not be
2, Is/ am/ are not
Were
2, Is/ am/ are not
Would be
3, V/ Vs/ Ves
Did not + V
3, V/ Vs/ Ves
Would not V
4, Don’t/ doesn’t V
V(ed/cột 2)
4, Don’t/ doesn’t V
Would V
5, Was/ were 
Had not been
5, Was/ were 
Would not have been
6, Was/ were not
Had been
6, Was/ were not
Would have been
7, V(ed/cột 2)
Had not V(ed/cột 3)
7, V(ed/cột 2)
Would not have V(ed/cột 3)
8, Did not + V
Had V(ed/cột 3)
8, Did not + V
Would have V(ed/cột 3)
9, Can V
Could not V
9, Can V
Could not V
10, Can not V
Could V
10, Can not V
Could V
11, Have / has + N
Did not have + N
11, Have / has + N
Would not have
CÁCH VIẾT CÂU MONG ƯỚC VỚI WISH
Câu cho trước àcâu viết lại
1, Is/ am/ are
Were not
2, Is/ am/ are not
Were
3, V/ Vs/ Ves
Did not + V
4, Don’t/ doesn’t V
V(ed/cột 2)
5, Was/ were 
Had not been
6, Was/ were not
Had been
7, V(ed/cột 2)
Had not V(ed/cột 3)
8, Did not + V
Had V(ed/cột 3)
9, Can V
Could not V
10, Can not V
Could V
11, Have / has + N
Did not have + N
Make the correct choice
 “Would you mind if we _______you by your first name?” -“Not at all. Please call me Tom.”
	A. called	B. call	C. calling	D. want to call
She can’t get home _______ she has no money. 	A. unless	B. if	C. until	D. without
If I had known your new address, we _______to see you.
	A. came	B. will come	C. would come	D. would have come 	 
If we took the 10:30 train, _______ too early.
	A. we would arrive	B. we should arrive 	C. we will arrive	D. we may arrive 
It’s very crowded here. I wish there ____ so many people. 	A. aren’t B. weren’t C. haven’t been	D. isn’t
I wouldn’t go there at night if I _______ you. 	A. am	B. was	C. were	D. had been
If I _______ get a pole, I’ll go fishing. A. can	B. could	C. may	D. might
If they had enough time, they _______ head south.	A. will	B. can	C. must	D. might
If you _______ a choice, which country would you visit? A. have	B. had	C. have had	D. will have
Trees won’t grow _______ there is enough water. 	A. if	B. when	C. unless	D. as 
_______ she agreed, you would have done it.	A. If	B. Had	C. Should	D. Would
If you _______ to be chosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field.
	A. want	B. wanted	C. had wanted	D. wants
If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy ____ saved.A. might be	B. have been C. was 	D. might have been 
If there _______ enough water, the rice fields could have been more productive.
	A. had been	 	B. were	C. would be	D. are 
The patient could not recover unless he _______ an operation. [undergo: pass through]
	A. had undergone	B. would undergo	C. underwent	D. was undergoing
If she ___ him, she would be very happy.	A. would meet	B. will meet	C. is meeting	D. should meet
If he _______ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
	A. had had	B. had	C. has	D. has had
If I had enough money, I _______ abroad to improve my English.
	A. will go	B. would go	C. should go	D. should have to go
If it _______ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight. 	A. be	B. is	C. was	D. were
If you _______ time, please write to me.	A. have	B. had	C. have had	D. has
If it ___ tomorrow, we may postpone going on a picnic.A. rains	B. will rain	C. shall rain	D. raining
If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you _______ sleepy now.
	A. wouldn’t have been	B. wouldn’t be 	C. might have not been 	D. wouldn’t have been being 
If you _______ as I told you, you _______ sorry now.
	A. did- would not be	B. had done- had not been	C. do – would not be	D. had done – would not be
If only I _______ him now.	A. see	B. saw	C. have seen	D. seen 
If I _______, I’ll let you know. A. am staying	B. will stay	C. do stay	D. would stay
If only I _______ you wanted to invest money in business. 	A. had known	B. knew	C. have known	D. know
Linda wishes she _______her car. 	A. hasn’t sold	B. hadn’t sold	C. doesn’t sell	D. won’t sell
He looked frightened as if he _______a ghost. 	A. had seen	B. saw	C. would see	D. was seeing
I wish it _______ a holiday today.	A. were	B. will be	C. is	D. had been
“My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus.” -“___, we would have picked you up.”
	A. Had we known	B. If we have known	C. We had known	D. If we did know
If I _______ as young as you are, I _______ in a boat round the world.
	A. were- would sail	B. would be – would sail	C. were- will sail	D. would- would sail
If he _______tickets yesterday, he _______ on the beach now.
	A. had booked- would be lying	B. had booked- would have lied	C. booked – would lie	D. books- will lie
If you _______ less last night, you _______ so bad today.
	A. had drunk- would not have felt	B. drank- would not feel
	C. had drunk- would not feel	D. would have drunk- would not feel
It seemed as if he ___ of it before.A. would never hear B. has never heard C. never heard	D. had never heard
_______ today, she would get home by Friday.
	A. Would she leave	B. Was she leaving	C. Were she to leave	D. If she leaves
“He’s a very brave man.” “Yes, I wish I ___ his courage.”	A. have	 B. had	 C. will have	D. would have
_______he_______ hard last year, he would have lost the first prize.
	A. Hadn’t – studied	B. Had- studied	C. Didn’t study	D. If – had studied
We’re going to be late if ___ right now.A. we not leave B. we didn’t leave C. we won’t leave	D. we don’t leave 
“I wish this city_______ so noisy.” “I know. I wish we _______ in the countryside.”
	A. isn’t – live	B. wasn’t – live	C. weren’t- live	D. weren’t – lived
He acted as though he_______ for days.	A. not eat	B. hasn’t eaten	C. hadn’t eaten	D. didn’t eat
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same, beginning with If...
The speaker was ill suddenly and they cancelled the lecture.
à..
I am in a hurry. I won’t stay for dinner.
à..
He can’t type. He isn’t able to operate a computer.
à..
I was able to buy the car because Jim lent me the money.
à..
He doesn’t have time to do exercises, that’s why he is unhealthy.
à..
Lucky you were here, or the house would have caught fire.
à..
The police showed me the way, so I found the house.
à..
John is fat because he eats so many chips.
à..
John missed the ferry because his car broke down.
à..
I didn’t know your number, so I didn’t call you.
à..
Give the correct form of verbs in these sentences
1. If Jonathan met his uncle yesterday, he (know)__________the truth about his parents.
2. Supposed that there (be) __________no money, how would people live?
3. He will be playing in the garden with his friends now if he (finish) _______his work.
4. His parents (not be) ________disappointed if he had passed the entrance examination.
5. I (buy) _________a new house if I have much money next year.
6. Providing that he didn't tell lie, many friends (believe)_________in him.
7. Linda will go to visit Vietnam next year on condition that she (save) ____________now.
8. Our life (be) ________improved unless there were no technological development.
9. If you has been learning English for a long time, you (communicate) _________with the foreigners.
10. If Jimmy went to Moscow last week, he (visit) _________many famous sight-seeings.
11. Unless he was not working at midnight yesterday, he (sleep) __________now.
12. He prepared for his exam very carefully. Otherwise, he (not, pass) ______________that important exam.
13. He finished his home assignment. If not, the teacher (be) __________very angry.
14. Were he to remember her birthday, she (not, say) _____________goodbye to him.
15. Should you work hard, you (not, succeed) __________.
16. I have to inform him the news. If not, he (be) _________very bad-tempered.
17. John would have been staying with us this month if he (not, have) ________a bad quarrel with my younger brother.
18. Had she returned home from her business trip, she (visit) _________me tomorrow.
19. The temple would be in better condition now on condition that it (rebuild) __________for many years ago.
20. If my father went to Manchester last week, he (visit) ___________Real next week.
Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
If I .a lot of money now, I ..a new car.
A. have /will buy	b. have / would buy	c. had/ will buy	d. had/ would buy.
2. If I you, I .do that. 	a. am/ will b. were /would	c. were/ will	d. had been/ would
3. if I were offered the job, I think I . it. a. take	b. will take	c. would take	d. would have taken
4. I would be very surprised if hea. refuses	b. refused	c. had refused	d. would refuse
5. Many people would be out of work if that factory..down. a. closes	b. had closed	c. closed d. would close
6. If she sold her car, she .. much money. a. gets	b. would get	c. will get	d. would have got
7. They would be disappointed if wea. hadn’t come b. wouldn’t come	c. don’t come	d. didn’t come
8. Would John be angry if I his bicycle without asking? a. take	b. took	c. had taken	d. would take.
9. She .terrible upset if I lost this ring. a. will be 	b. would be	c. were	d. had been.
10. If someonein here with a gun, I would be very frightened. a. would walk	b. walks c. had walked	d. walked.
11. What would happen if you ..to work tomorrow? a. don’t go b. didn’t go	c. won’t go	d. wouldn’t go.
12. We‘ll gets wet if we .out. a. go	b. did go	c. went	d. had gone.
13. If I go shopping, I some food. a. buy	b. will buy	c. would buy	d. would have bought.
14. If I find it, I you. a. will tell	b. would tell	c. had told	d. told.
15. What would you do if youa million dollars? a. would win	b. win	c. had won	d. won.
16. They‘d be hurt if I a. don’t go	b. didn’t go	c. hadn’t gone	d. wouldn’t go.
17. If we took the 6: 30 train, we..too early. a. would have arrived	b. arrived c. will arrived	d. would arrive.
18. If I had known you were in hospital, Ito see you. a. will go	b. would go	c. went	d. would have gone.
19. If I ., I would have said hello. a. had seen	b. see	c. saw	d. would see.
20. I..out if I hadn’t been so tired. a. will go	b. went	c. would have gone	d. would go.
Identify the one that has a mistake by circling the corresponding letter a, b, c, d.
1. If we will reduce the speed of population growth, there will be less pressure on the earth.
 a b c d
2. Unless we leave a bowl of water under the sun, it will evaporate.
 a b c d
3. If we continue to use fuels at the current rate, we would soon have to face a fuel crisis.
 a b c d
4. If I am 10 centimeters taller, I would play basketball.
 a b c d
5. If the doctors could find in the remedy, a lot of people would be saved.
 a b c d
6. If she bought that house now, she ran out of money.
 a b c d
7. What you would do if you could speak French well?
a b c d
8. If I had known he is not at home, I wouldn’t have gone all the way to his house.
 a b c d
9. If I had known that the road were flooded, I would never have taken that way.
 a b c d
10. If I were you, I will go to the dentist’s and have the tooth checked.
 a b c d
11. If you hadn’t left the car unlocked, it wouldn’t have be stolen.
 a. b. c. d
12. What would happen because I pressed that red button?
 a. b. c. d
13. If the weather is fine today, we would go to the beach.
 a. b c. d.
14. If you will study harder, you will surely pass the coming exams with good results.
 a. b. c. d
15. If the weather weren’t too bad, we would to go swimming.
 a. b. c. d
16. If he weren’t too old, he would apply to the job as a war reporter.
 a. b c. d.
17. If drivers obeyed the speed limit, fewer accidents occur.
 a. b. c. d.
18. If I would have studied Russian at school, I would have understood him easily.
 a. b. c. d
19. If tomorrow the weather will be bad, the match will be postponed.
 a. b. c. d.
20. If you will see Mike today, please ask him to phone me.
 a. b. c. d.