Period 1 PRONUNCIATION: -S/-ES AND –ED ENDING VOCABULARY: WORD FORMATION I. PRONUNCIATION Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others. 1. A. discovers B. concerns C. wholesales D. investments 2. A. feelings B. brothers C. weekends D. parents 3. A. decided B. helped C. cooked D. stopped 4. A. managed B. challenged C. disappointed D. applied 5. A. formed B. eliminated C. improved D. encouraged 6. A. sectors B. leftovers C. biologists D. centenarians 7. A. arrives B. laughs C. likes D. helps 8. A. dishes B. chores C. boxes D. coaches 9. A. missed B. dissolved C. watched D. sacrificed 10. A. served B. wrapped C. phoned D. rained 11. A. formed B. eliminated C. improved D. encouraged 12. A. plants B. animals C. seasons D. trees 13. A. equipped B. laughed C. learned D. placed 14. A. eliminates B. requires C. daunts D. likes 15. A. employed B. advanced C. allowed D. offered II. VOCABULARY: WORD FORMATION Choose the word or the phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes the sentence. 1. These quick and easy _______ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost. A. solve B. solvable C. solutions D. solvability 2. The leader of the explorers had the great _______ in his native guide. A. confident B. confidence C. confidential D. confidentially 3. My mother used to be a woman of great _______, but now she gets old and looks pale. A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautifully D. beautify 4. John cannot make a ______to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car. A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively 5. Some species of rare animals are in _______ of extinction. A. danger B. dangerous C. dangerously D. endanger 6. His pronunciation causes me a lot of _______. A. difficulties B. difficult C. difficulty D. difficultly 7. Miss White sang very _______ at my birthday party last night. A. beautifully B. beautify C. beauty D. beautiful 8. _______, America depends on Africa for 40 % of its oil imports. A. Interesting B. Interestingly C. interested D. interest 9. A scientist who studies living things is a _______. A. biologist B. biologically C. biology D. biological 10. The government initiated the programme of _______ reform in the 1980s. A. economically B. economic C. economised D. economist 11. Hoi An is a famous tourist _______. A. attractive B. attract C. attracted D. attraction 12. The panda’s _______ habitat is the bamboo forest. A. nature B. naturalize C. naturally D. natural 13. There are small _______ between British and American English. A. differences B. different C. difference D. differently 14. This machine is _______ easy to install and cheap to operate. A. compare B. comparison C. comparatively D. comparative 15. There are a lot of _______ jobs in this company. A. attractive B. attracted C. attract D. attraction 16. Fortunately, the plane landed _______ after the violent storm. A. safe B. safely C. unsafe D. safety 17. I think that up to now there has not been a real ________ between men and women. A. equal b. equally C. equality D. equalize 18. Before the 22nd SEA Games, Vietnam had made a good _______ in every aspect. A. prepare B. preparation C. preparative D. preparer 19. Johnny used to be one of the most _______ athletes in my country. A. succeed B. success C. successful D. successfully 20. To become a novelist, you need to be ________. A. imagine B. imagination C. imaginative D. imaginarily 21. This book is not really ________. It is a waste of money buying it. A. inform B. information C. informative D. informatively 22. He felt _______ with the results of his exam. A. disappointing B. disappointed C. disappointedly D. disappointment 23. During his _______, his family lived in the United States. A. child B. childish C. childlike D. childhood 24. I’ve just been told some _______ news. A. astonish B. astonishment C. astonished D. astonishing 25. Thanks to my friends’ _______ remarks, my essays have been improved. A. constructive B. construction C. constructor D. construct * HOMEWORK: Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others. 1. A. plants B. animals C. seasons D. trees 2. A. equipped B. laughed C. learned D. practiced 3. A. eliminates B. requires C. daunts D. likes 4. A. installs B. maintains C. rejects D. confides 5. A. booked B. liked C. stopped D. moved Choose the word or the phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes the sentence. 6. What are the _______ between women’s in old times and women in modern times? A. differs B. different C. difference D. differences 7. Despite its successful _______ reforms, this country is still a developing one. A. economic B. economics C. economizing D. economical 8. What _______ views do Americans and Asians have about love and marriage? A. tradition B. traditionally C. traditionalism D. traditional 9. For this job you will need a good _______ of both Italian and Spanish. A. knowing B. knowledgeable C. know D. knowledge 10. I've never seen such an interesting _______ before. A. performed B. performing C. performative D. performance 11. In the modern world, women's _______ roles have been changing. A. natured B. naturally C. nature D. natural 12. A (an) ______species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct. A. dangerous B. endanger C. endangered D. endangerment 13. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with _______. A. extinct B. extinction C. extinctive D. extinctly 14. Their _______ is rejected due to some problems of pollution. A. suggest B. suggestion C. suggestive D. suggestible 15. The people in our village are leading a ________life. A. peace B. peaceful C. peacefully D. peacefulness 16. We are talking about the preservation of _______resources. A. nature B. natural C. naturally D. naturalize 17. Scientists are working for an _______ way to reduce energy consumption. A. effect B. effective C. effection D. effectively 18. We’ll make this beach clean and___________ again. A. beautiful B. beauty C. beautifully D. beautify 19. In many countries, people crowd the streets to watch __________parades. A. color B. colorfully C. colorful D. colorless 20. The children laughed____________ when they played with their toys. A. happy B. unhappy C. happily D. happiness Period 2 VERB TENSES Choose the word or the phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes the sentence. 1. For several years his ambition _______ to be a pilot. A. is B. has been C. was D. had been 2. Christopher Columbus _______ American more than 500 years ago. A. discovered B. has discovered C. had discovered D. had been discovering 3. While mom was watching TV, I _______ my homework. A. am doing B. was doing C. had done D. has done 4. His father _______ twenty short stories so far. A. has written B. writes C. wrote D. write 5. I _______ to the market with my mother yesterday. A. go B. went C. have gone D. was going 6. The boys broke a window while they _______ football. A. played B. were playing C. had played D. are playing 7. Don’t worry! I will give her this message as soon as she _______. A. had returned B. will return C. returned D. returns 8. Henry________ into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner. A. was going B. went C. has gone D. did go 9. While Tom ________ tennis, Ann was taking a shower. A. played B. playing C. was playing D. is playing 10. Her family________ to America before 1975. A. went B. have gone C. had gone D. would go 11. She ________ in Hue for twenty years. A. lives B. has lived C. lived D. is living 12. Almost everyone _______ for home by the time we arrived. A. had left B. has left C. left D. would leave 13. I looked for my bag after I _______ lunch. A. had B. had had C. have has D. have had 14. After he had had breakfast, he _______down to write some letters. A. sat B. had sat C. sits D. was sitting 15. When I last saw him, he _______ in London. A. has lived B. is living C. was living D. has been living 16. When I saw Brian, he _______ a taxi. A. was driving B. drove C. is driving D. drives 17. Nam has lived with his grandparents since he _______ a little boy. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been 18. We had just got out of the car by the time it _______ to set fire. A. was beginning B. began C. had begun D. has begun 19. I _______ coins since I was ten years old. A. collected B. am collecting C. have been collecting D. had collected 20. We _______ what to do with the money yet. A. not decide B. haven’t decided C. didn’t decide D. hadn’t decided 21. I _______ the film with my friends last week. A. watched B. watch C. have watched D. had watched 22. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he _______ dinner. A. finish B. finishes C. will finish D. finishing 23. Since 1980, scientists in the world _______ a lot of things to fight AIDS. A. had done B. have done C. did D. are doing 24. I hope you’ll remember to call me when you _______ in Paris. A. are arriving B. will be arriving C. will arrive D. arrive 25. _______ to rain before you woke up this morning? A. Has it begun B. Would it begin C. Had it begun D. Did it begin 26. While I ________ TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor A. had been watching B. watched C. has been watching D. was watching 27. I’ll come and see you before I _______ for the States. A. leave B. will leave C. have left D. shall leave 28. They _______ to know each other for more than ten years. A. get B. got C. have got D. had got 29. He fell down while he _______ towards the church. A. run B. runs C. was running D. had run 30. As soon as you _______ all your homework, you will be allowed to go out. A. are doing B. had done C. did D. have done *31. At this time next week, all of the students_______ for their examinations. A. will be sat B. have been sitting C. have sat D. will be sitting *32. We________ this course before the final examination. A. are going to finish B. have finished C. will finish D. will have finished *33. Don’t worry! By the time you arrive tomorrow, we _______ the work A. have finished B. would finish C. will finish D. will have finished *34. Due to ever more spreading poaching, there a dramatic decline in the number of elephants over the last decade. A. was B. is C. has been D. had been *35. Can you keep calm for a moment? You ______ noise in class! A. are always made B. always make C. have always made D. are always making *36. By the time you come here next month, we _______ the project. A. finish B. will be finishing C. will have finished D. will finish *37. In the last ten years, we _______ some important achievements. A. have achieved B. had achieved C. were achieved D. achieved *38. You _______ me for money. Ask somebody else. A. have always asked B. are always asked C. are always asking D. always ask *39. Students _______ for the national examinations at this time next month. A. will have sat B. sit C. will sit D. will be sitting *40. Titanic is the best film I’ve ever seen. I _______ it seven times. A. had watched B. am watching C. watched D. have watched Choose the underlined word or phrase that needs correcting. 41. Last year, my son was lost among the crowd while we went shopping. A B C D 42. They have studied English before they went to London last month. A B C D 43. When Sam will arrive, he will open the gift. A B C D 44. When we arrived at the station, the train has already left. A B C D 45. We went out for a walk after we had our dinner. A B C D 46. Don’t leave the house until I will get back. A B C D 47. By the time the police come, the robber had run away. A B C D 48. By the time you will finish your work, the meal will have got cold. A B C D 49. While they had played cards, someone broke into the house. A B C D 50. As soon as the next lecture will end, let’s leave. A B C D * HOMEWORK: Choose the word or the phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes the sentence. 1. We ________English this time last week. A. learned B. were learning C. have learned D. had learned 2. Her family________ to America before 1975. A. went B. have gone C. had gone D. would go 3. When I arrived at the party, Martha________ home already. A. went B. have gone C. had gone D. would go 4. Alan took a photograph of Sandra while she________ A. didn't look B. wasn't looking C. hasn't looked D. hadn't looked 5. The child________ before the doctor arrived. A. died B. had died C. has died D. was dying 6. I'll come and see you before I ________ for America. A. leave B. will leave C. have left D. shall leave 7. John________ a book when I saw him. A. is reading B. read C. was reading D. reading 8. We________ Doris since last Sunday. A. don't see B. haven't seen C. didn't see D. hadn't seen 9. This is the first time I ________ here. A. am B. have been C. was D. be 10. Stephen____ on the phone when I came in. A. talked B. was talking C. has talked D. has been talking 11. While I was working in the garden, my son____ video games. A. was playing B. played C. has played D. has been playing 12. Frank____ home since he was a boy. A. isn't B. wasn't C. hasn't been D. hadn't been 13. There _______ a lot of changes in our town over the last five years. A. are B. had been C. were D. have been 14. At 5 o'clock tomorrow evening, I ________ my clothes. A. iron B. will have ironed C. am ironing D. will be ironing 15. I________ along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me. A. was walking B. a walking C. walk D. walked 16. We__________ a party last Saturday. It was great we invited lots of people. A. have B. have had C. had D. had had 17. Mark was listening to music while his sister_______ a book. A. read. B. reads C. is reading D. was reading 18. Tom _______ the house before he writes a letter tonight. A. will be cleaning B. will have cleaned C. had cleaned D. has cleaned 19. You _______ the windows open at night. Close them right away. A. have always left B. always leave C. always left D. are always leaving 20. I ________ the dishwasher on when heard the shot. A. am turning B. turned C. was turning D. turned Period 3 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES Choose the word or the phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes the sentence. 1. It is necessary that you avoid_______ him during the working session. A. disturb B. to disturb C. disturbing D. disturbs 2. My younger brother takes pleasures in_______ his little sister. A. tease B. to tease C. teases D. teasing 3. My father has decided_______ a new house. A. find B. to find C. finding D. found 4. Would you mind not_______ on the bus? A. smoked B. to smoke C. smoke D. smoking 5. I am looking forward to_______ my classmates again. A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. see 6. The guide encouraged the tourists_______ the Prado Museum Madrid A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. to visiting 7. I intended to revenge him but my father prevented me from _______ so. A. doing B. to do C. do D. did 8. It’s too heavy for me. Would you mind ______ me a hand with this, please? A. to give B. to giving C. giving D. given 9. Little Tommy enjoys ______ storybooks at night very much. A. to read B. reading C. reads D. read 10. The teacher made the students ______ harder for their final exam. A. work B. to work C. working D. to be working 11. Would you like _______ to the cinema tonight? A. go B. to go C. going D. went 12. Having eaten in that Korean restaurant twice, Tom suggested _______ there for dinner again. A. to go B. going C. to going D. went 13. Could you tell me how _______ the post office? A. get B. getting C. got D. to get 14. I am looking forward to _______ you. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. have seen 15. Your cold’s still too bad. You had better _______ this evening. A. not go out B. not to go out C. not going out D. not to going out 16. I spent almost five hours _______ my homework last night. A. doing B. to do C. did D. do 17. Loyalty is considered _______ one of the important qualities for true friendship. A. being B. been C. to be D. be 18. The police let him _______ after they had asked him some questions. A. to leave B. leave C. leaving D. left 19. She was so nervous that she didn’t know what _______. A. to say B. saying C. say D. being said 20. She keeps _______ to visit us, but she never does. A. to promise B. promise C. promises D. promising 21. I tried _______ the window, but it seems not to work. A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened 22. My son is interested in _______ computers games. A. playing B. play C. to play D. played 23. You should _______ attention to what the teacher says. A. paying B. to pay C. paid D. pay 24. My mother used to _______ us to the zoo when we lived in this city. A. take B. taking C. be take D. taken 25. It took them almost three hours _______ that old car yesterday afternoon. A. repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to repair 26. Many people say it is easier _______ a job in a big city than in the countryside. A. finding B. to find C. to be found D. having found 27. Having lived in England for more than three months, Mr. Hung was used to ______ on the left. A. driving B. drive C. drove D. to drive 28. I advised him to stop _______ but he didn’t listen to me. A. smoking B. smoke C. to smoke D. smoked 29. Have you finished _______ the machine yet? A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired 30. I looked out of the window and saw some children _______ in the yard. A. played B. to play C. play D. playing *31. This software needs _______. It’s out of date. A. upgrade B. to upgrade C. upgrading D. upgraded *32. Remember _______ your best suit for your interview next Monday. A. to put on B. put on C. having put D. putting on *33. I shall never forget _______ with you to Paris last year. A. staying B. to staying C. to stay D. stayed *34. I’m tired now. I can’t go on. Let’s stop _______ a drink. A. to have B. having C. have D. has *35. The actor said he didn’t like _______ by non-professional people. A. being criticised B. criticising C. to criticise D. criticised *36. I remember _______ to the zoo when I was a child. A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken *37. I can’t recall _______ that old movie, but maybe I did many years ago. A. having seen B. to have seen C. to see D. seeing *38. This carpet really needs . Can you do it for me, son? A. being cleaned B. cleaned C. clean D. cleaning *39. The room needs for the wedding. A. decorating B. to decorate C. decorate D. be decorated *40. No one can avoid ______ by advertisements. A. to be influenced B. having influenced C. influencing D. being influenced Choose the underlined word or phrase that needs correcting. 41. Could you please show me how getting to the airport from here? A B C D 42. Kevin used to living all his childhood in the country, didn’t he? A B C D 43. Tom is used to get up late so he is often late for school. A B C D 44. In order to helping human beings live longer and happier, many A B scientists are working hard so as to invent new drugs. C D 45. After had done all his homework, little Jimmy quickly turned the TV A B C on to watch his favorite cartoon. D * HOMEWORK: Choose the word or the phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes the sentence. 1. I am looking forward to _______ you. A. seeing B. see C. to see D. saw 2. I arranged_______ them here. A. to meet B. meeting C. met D. meet 3. My mother told me _______ to anyone about it. A. not speaking B. not speak C. to not speak D. not to speak 4. Would you mind _______ me how _______ the lift? A. to show/ to work B. show/ work C. showing/ to work D. showing/ working 5. Please go on _______. I can wait. A. write B. to write C. wrote D. writing 6. His doctor advised him _______ jogging. A. to give up B. give up C. giving up D. gave up 7. Do stop _______ .I am doing my homework. A. talk B. talking C. to talk D. talked 8. Mrs. Jones: I don’t allow my family _______ at all. A. smoking B. to smoke C. smoked D. smoke 9. After walking for three hours, we stopped to let the others _______ with us. A. to catch B. catching C. catch D. caught 10. Your windows need _______ .Would you like me to do them for you? A. being cleaned B. to clean C. cleaning D. clean 11. It is interesting _______ a good film. A. to watch B. watching C. watch D. watched 12. My mother made me _______ at home at night. A. staying B. to stay C. stayed D. stay 13. The librarian asked us _______ so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 14. My father has given up _______. A. smoke B. smoked C. smoking D. to smoked 15. “All right, I’ll wait for you,” she agreed _______ for me A. to wait B. not to wait C. waiting D. wait to 16. Your result is not very good. You need _______ harder to pass the next exam. A. to be studied B. study C. studying D. to study 17. I consider _______ the job but in the end I decided against doing it. A. to take B. taking C. to be take D. took 18. The boy insisted on _______ a break after lunch. A. having B. to have C. not to have D. have 19. The boy looked forward to _______ to the circus by his parents. A. take B. to take C. taking D. being taken 20. The boy accused his friend of_______ his bicycle. A. stealing B. to have stolen C. to steal D. having stolen 21. I really regret _______ your feeling when I asked you such a silly question. A. hurt B. to hurt C. hurting D. hurts 22. Did you remember _______ Ann? – Oh, no. I completely forgot it. A. phone B. to phone C. phoning D. phoned 23. Those shirts need _______ but you needn’t _______ them now. A. iron/ iron B. to iron/ to iron C. ironing/ iron D. ironed/ to iron 24. When you see Tom, remember _______ him my regards. A. give B. to give C. giving D. given 25. I regret _______ able to attend your birthday party yesterday. A. not to be B. to not be C. not be D. not being Period 4 MODAL VERBS Choose the word or the phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes the sentence. 1. When my father was young, he _______ work in the garden for long hours. A. can B. could C. will D. should 2. It_______ rain this evening. Why don't you take an umbrella? A. could be B. must C. might D. had better 3. She hasn't eaten anything since yesterday. She _______ be really hungry. A. might B. will C. must D. can 4. This is a valuable book. You _______ lose it. A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t 5. It is very far from here. You _______ take a bus or a taxi. A. could B. ought to C. must D. may 6. You _______ lend me any money. I’ve got some. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t 7. You _______ touch that button. You _______ get an electric shock. A. mustn’t / may B. can’t / might C. needn’t / should D. mayn’t / must 8. When you enter the building, you _______ show the guard your pass. A. will B. might C. can D. must 9. This is a non-smoking room. You _______ smoke here. A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. can’t 10. She has a linguistically able; she _______ speak five languages. A. must B. can C. used to D. should 11. He has failed the test again. He _______ be very sad. A. can B. will C. would D. must 12. You _______ explain that again because I understand everything now. A. needn't B. can't C. would rather D. mustn't 13. Take this umbrella with you because it _______ rain this evening. A. must B. may C. can D. shall 14. As students, you _______ show your disrespect to your teachers. A. must B. should C. mustn't D. needn't 15. I _______ ride a bicycle when I was only 6 years old. A. could B. might C. would D. must 16. I _______ do that again. It's my promise. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. won't 17. You _______ do it now, and do not argue. A. must B. need C. might D. may 18. She ______ be ill. I have just seen her playing basket ball in the school yard. A. needn't B. shouldn't C. mustn't D. can't 19. Peter has been working for 10 hours. He _______ be very tired now. A. needn't B. must C. has to D. should 20. You _____ take your umbrella along with you today. It _____ rain later on this afternoon. A. ought to / mustn't B. needn't / will C. will / must D. should / might 21. I think you _______ eat less chocolate if you want to lose weight. A. should B. shouldn’t C. need D. needn’t 22. We believe that he _______ be the top student this semester. A. can B. ought to C. need D. must 23. Don't stand up in the boat! You _______ fall in the river! A. might B. can C. must D. should 24. Liz_______ be hungry because she's just eaten a big bowl of rice. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. mightn’t 25. Chuck often buys things at this store. He _______ live near here, but I’m not sure. A. must B. may C. can D. could 26. You have been reading for four hours. This book ___ be very interesting. A. can B. might C. must D. should 27. Don’t phone Ann now. She _______ be having lunch. A. might B. can C. must D. has to 28. She told me that she’d rather _______ on the committee. A. not to serve B. not serving C. not serve D. serving not 29. “Do you like to play tennis?” “I _______ ,but now I prefer golf” A. used to B. used to do C. used to played D. used to playing 30. The plane _______ take off after the fog had lifted. A. must B. can C. was able to D. may *31. Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He _______ it here last night. A. must have left B. should have left C. must leave D. should leave *32. They laughed a lot last night. The film _______ very funny. A. must be B. could be C. must have been D. might have been *33. I don't have anything to wear today. I _______ the laundry. A. should do B. might do C. should have done D. might have done *34. John _______ on holiday. I saw him this morning downtown. A. can’t have gone B. shouldn’t go C. must have gone D. might go *35. He _______much for the exam because he failed horribly. A. may study B. must study C. can't have studied D. should have studied Choose the underlined word or phrase that needs correcting. 36. Beverly can being in the living room, or perhaps she is in the backyard. A B C D 37. A wonderful view of the valley can seen from this window. A B C D 38. She fell into the river but fortunately we can rescue her. A B C D 39. The government should to have done something about the financial situation a long time ago. A B C D 40. He is such a great athlete, he should having trained hard his whole life. A B C D * HOMEWORK: Choose the word or the phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes the sentence. 1. I do not mind at all. You _______ apologize. A. shouldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. oughtn't to 2. Liz_______ be hungry because she's just eaten a big bowl of rice. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. mightn’t 3. The windows look clean. You _______ wash them. A. are not to B. mustn't C. don't have to D. can't 4. You _______ disturb him during his work! A. should not B. could not C. don't have to D. must not 5. You don't look well. You _______ see a doctor. A. could B. need to C. are to D. should 6. I do not mind at all. You _______ apologize. A. shouldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. oughtn't to 7. You _______ touch that switch, whatever you do. A. mustn't B. needn't C. won't D. wouldn't 8. Jane often wears beautiful new clothes. She _______ be very rich. A. must B. could C. might D. needn’t 9. When I was young, I _______ go fishing with my father. A. was used to B. would C. may D. used to 10. _______ you help me with the homework? A. May B. Shall C. Should D. Will 11. You _______ throw litter on the streets. A. mustn't B. couldn't C. needn't D. won't 12. The ground is wet. It _______ last night. A. must rain B. must have rain C. must have rained D. had to rain 13. It _______ rain this evening. Why don’t you take an umbrella? A. had better B. could be C. must D. might 14. Yesterday I _______ finish the work because I was very tired. A. could B. can’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 15. I _______ understand this letter. Will you translate it for me? A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. shouldn’t 16. He advised me to take an English course. I _______ it early. A. should have taken B. should take C. will have taken D. may take 17. The plane _______ take off after the fog had lifted. A. must B. can C. was able to D. may 18. He spent all that money last week. He _______ so much. A. didn’t need to spend B. shouldn’t spend C. needn’t have spent D. didn’t have to spend 19. “Since we have to be there in a hurry, we _______ take a taxi.” -“I agree.” A. had better B. may C. have been used to D. are able to 20. The ground is wet. It _______last night. A. must rain B. must have rain C. must have rained D. had to rain Period 5 SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION 1 Model 1: She began working in this company ten years ago. → She has worked in this company for ten years. 1. They started checking the machines two hours ago. → 2. He began fixing the bicycle ten minutes ago. → 3. They started building the bridge two years ago. → 4. We began living in London ten month ago. → 5. He started planting flowers three hours ago. → 6. I began learning English five years ago. → 7. We started doing researches on this chemical three months ago. → 8. He began growing this kind of plant five months ago. → Model 2: I finished my homework. Then I went to bed. → After I had finished my homework, I went o bed. → Before I went to bed, I had finished my homework. 1. We had din
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