Phương pháp viết bài luận môn Tiếng Anh - Ôn thi THPT Quốc gia năm 2015-2016 - Nguyễn Quang Tùng

WRITING
CÁC CHỦ ĐỀ
Những chủ đề xuất hiện trong phần Writing là những chủ đề tương tự với các bài đọc hiểu trong SGK, bao gồm:
Con người: sở thích của bản thân, người thân trong gia đình, người bạn yêu quý thần tượng
Giáo dục: môn học yêu thích nhất, vai trò của thầy cô và nhà trường, người thầy cô bạn yên mến
Thể thao: môn thể thao bạn yêu thích,
Du lịch: địa điểm du lịch bạn yêu thích, kỳ nghỉ gần đây nhất
Công việc: ước mơ của bạn, người bạn muốn trở thành trong tương lai 
CẤU TRÚC VÀ CÁCH TRIỂN KHAI
Thông thường, một đoạn văn sẽ có độ dài khoảng 140 từ, bao gồm những phần sau:
Câu chủ đề (1-2 câu):
Luôn có 2 phần:
Chủ đề: Thông báo cho người đọc biết đoạn văn viết về điều gì.
Ý tưởng chủ đạo: Nêu tổng quát về chủ đề định giới thiệu.
Phải là một câu văn hoàn chỉnh, bao gồm chủ ngữ, vị ngữ và diễn đạt một ý hoàn chỉnh.
Phải tận dụng triệt để đề bài và các template.
Các câu dẫn chứng (4-6 câu):
Giải thích cho câu chủ đề bằng cách đưa ra các luận điểm, chi tiết, sự kiện
Phải được sắp xếp theo trình tự logic:
Theo tầm quan trọng.
Theo trình tự thời gian.
Theo trình tự không gian.
Câu kết luận (1 câu):
Không bắt buộc phải có.
Nhắc lại ý chính của bài hoặc đưa ra kết luận từ những luận điểm đã nêu.
Thường giống với câu chủ đề nhưng được diễn đạt theo cách khác.
CÁC BƯỚC LÀM BÀI
Khi viết câu chủ đề có thể chép nguyên cả đề bài và sử dụng kèm với template.
Trước khi làm bài cần liệt kê ngắn gọn ra nháp các ý chính sẽ có trong bài.
Thông thường mỗi bài sẽ yêu cầu từ 2 – 3 luận điểm.
Mỗi câu nêu luận điểm sẽ có 1-2 câu diễn giải theo sau.
Chú ý khi sử dụng ngôn từ, KHÔNG sử dụng quá nhiều lần 1 từ để tránh lỗi lặp từ.
CÁCH TÍNH ĐIỂM
TIÊU CHÍ
ĐIỂM
Bố cục bài viết
0,40
Phát triển ý: Logic, dẫn chứng, ví dụ
0,25
Sử dụng ngôn từ: Văn phong, từ nối
0,30
Nội dung đủ thuyết phục, độ dài +/-5% (140 từ: 12 từ/dòng = 11 -> 13 dòng)
0,30
Ngữ pháp, dấu câu, chính tả (1 lỗi -0,15đ)
TỔNG ĐIỂM
1,50
CÁC TEMPLATE:
Câu chủ đề:
Cấu trúc:
Đối với dạng bài What-Why-How (Eg: What a the benefits of reading books?)
There has appeared endless discussion over+TOPIC,
+ this (phenomenom) is resulted from numerous reasons: LUẬN ĐIỂM 1, LUẬN ĐIÊM 2
TOPIC + has caused a question for discussion,
TOPIC + has always/ recently been a hotly-debated topic,
Đối với dạng bài nói về người ảnh hưởng đến bạn
The person that has influenced my life is . because  is the one person that has always stood by my side and encouraged me to reach my full potential.
 Đối với dạng bài nói về điều yêu thích nhất
 has always been my favorite since I was very small,
+ this is resulted from numerous reasons: LUẬN ĐIỂM 1, LUẬN ĐIÊM 2
 has always been my favorite among all the  that i know,
Đối với dạng bài nói về ước mơ
Having a dream  could make you accomplish wonders.
+ Ever since I was a child, I knew  was my calling in life.
+ Throughout my childhood, I was always fascinated by 
Đối với dạng bài miêu tả cảnh, vật
Previously, I had never known any  who/which left a great impression on me. Since I , my perspectives have altered.
 is definitely one interesting  that I would recommend to anyone who asks me for my advice. The beauty of it is somehow beyond description.
Các câu dẫn chứng
Cấu trúc:
Từ nối 1 + Luận điểm 1. Diễn giải luận điểm 1.
Từ nối 2 + Luận điểm 2. Diễn giải luận điểm 2.
Từ nối 3 + Luận điểm 3. Diễn giải luận điểm 3.
- Chú ý KHÔNG sử dụng các từ nối: firstly, secondly, thirdly, , 
Từ nối 1
Initially,
At the 1st analysis,
First and foremost,
In the first place,
It can not be denied that
Needless to say,..
It is common knowledge that.
It is widely known that .
Obviously,./ it is obvious that.
It is apparent that.
Từ nối 2
Second of all,
Besides / Furthermore / Moreover,
At the second analysis,
In the second place,
More interestingly / importantly / notably / remarkably / seriously / dangerously,
Từ nối 3
Lastly,
Last but not least,
Finally,
Câu kết
Cấu trúc:
Từ nối + diễn đạt lại câu mở bài / kết luận rút ra từ các luận điểm.
In short, 
+
for all mentioned above,  (diễn đạt lại câu mở bài)
In summary,
In conclusion,
To sum up,
not only A, B but also C are convincing / persuasive reasons for my opinion.
In conclude,
Without doubt,
Beyond any doubt,
I strongly believe/ suggest that + TOPIC + should be taken into consideration.
By and large,
Above all,
All things considered,
CÁC (CỤM) TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA
Like/ love
To be in favor of V-ing
Show great interest in V-ing
To be keen on / To find appealing 
To be mad on/at V-ing
To be crazy about V-ing
To find  a great marvel/ a great miracle/ a great wonder
Show strong believe in advantage of V-ing
Can / Could
To be able to + V
To be capable of Ving
To be likely / bound / certain to + V
There is likelihood for sb + V
To stand a golden chance to + V
It is beneficial for sb to + V
To be sure to + V
The best way for sb to do st is to + V
Will
Certainly
Definitely
Surely
Probably
Possibly
Make sb do sth
(bắt ai làm gì)
To be made / advised / urged to + V
To be asked / required to + V
To urge / ask / require sb to + V
To stimulate sb to + V
Let
To allow/ permit sb to do
Enable sb to + V
Encourage sb to + V
To be allowed to do
To be involved in
To stand a golden chance to do
To be free from Ving
To free sb from Ving
TO make sb not do
(ngăn ai làm gì)
to prevent sb from Ving
To be protected from Ving
To be prevented fromVing
Lack (thiếu)
To be short of sth
To suffer from the lack/ the shortage of sth
But
Yet / However
On the other hand
Having said that
Though
Nonetheless / Nevertheless / Notwithstanding
For example
For instance,
To give an illustration,
Very
Greatly / Highly / Notably / Extremely / Strikingly / Remarkably
Especially / Indeed
Absolutely / Utterly / Vitally
Really / Quite / Incomparably
Because
As / As a result of 
Due to / Thanks to / Since / Considering
For the reason that/ By reason of
On the grounds that 
In additition (to)
Additionally / Besides / Furthermore / Moreover / Likewise
Along with / In the same way with
Many / Much
A lot of / Lots of / Plenty of / Tons of / A large number of / A great deal of
Various / Numerous / Several
Innumerable / Countless / Plentiful
Therefore
Accordingly / Consequently / Hence / Correspondingly
For this reason / In consequence / As a result / As a consequence
CÁC CẤU TRÚC NGỮ PHÁP CẦN LƯU Ý
Nêu ý kiến cá nhân
Personally,
From my point of view,
As far as I know,
As far as I am concerned,
I strongly/ definitely/ certainly/ totally/ absolutely + agree/disagree with hoặc approve / disapprove of hoặc oppose/support + N.
From my perspective,
Nói về tầm quan trọng
 hold no less important role / importance in..
 draws much of my consideration/attention
 play an integral/vital/essential part in 
What convinces me is 
 should be taken into serious consideration / account.
Các giới từ thông dụng
Aboard / about / Above / across / after/ against / along / amid / among / around / as / at / before / behind / below / beneath / beside / besides / between / beyond / by / concerning / considering / despite / down / during / except / excluding / following / for / from / in / inside / into / like / near / of / off / on / onto / opposite / outside / over / past / per / regarding / round / since / than / through
to / toward / towards / under / underneath / unlike / until / up / upon
versus / via / with / within / without
MỘT SỐ THÀNH NGỮ TIẾNG ANH THÔNG DỤNG
IDIOM
MEANING
A hot potato
Speak of an issue (mostly current) which many people are talking about and which is usually disputed
A penny for your thoughts
A way of asking what someone is thinking
Actions speak louder than words
People's intentions can be judged better by what they do than what they say. 
Add insult to injury
To further a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an unfavorable situation. 
An arm and a leg
Very expensive or costly. A large amount of money. 
At the drop of a hat
Without any hesitation; instantly.
Back to the drawing board
When an attempt fails and it's time to start all over.
Ball is in your court
It is up to you to make the next decision or step
Barking up the wrong tree
Looking in the wrong place. Accusing the wrong person
Be glad to see the back of
Be happy when a person leaves. 
Beat around the bush
Avoiding the main topic. Not speaking directly about the issue. 
Best of both worlds
All the advantages. 
Best thing since sliced bread
A good invention or innovation. A good idea or plan. 
Bite off more than you can chew
To take on a task that is way to big. 
Blessing in disguise
Something good that isn't recognized at first. 
Burn the midnight oil
To work late into the night, alluding to the time before electric lighting.
Can't judge a book by its cover
Cannot judge something primarily on appearance. 
Caught between two stools
When someone finds it difficult to choose between two alternatives. 
Costs an arm and a leg
This idiom is used when something is very expensive. 
Cross that bridge when you come to it
Deal with a problem if and when it becomes necessary, not before. 
Cry over spilt milk
When you complain about a loss from the past. 
Curiosity killed the cat
Being Inquisitive can lead you into an unpleasant situation. 
Cut corners
When something is done badly to save money. 
Cut the mustard
To succeed; to come up to expectations; adequate enough to compete or participate
Devil's Advocate
To present a counter argument
Don't count your chickens before the eggs have hatched
This idiom is used to express "Don't make plans for something that might not happen".
Don't give up the day job
You are not very good at something. You could definitely not do it professionally. 
Don't put all your eggs in one basket
Do not put all your resources in one possibility.
Drastic times call for drastic measures
When you are extremely desperate you need to take drastic actions. 
Elvis has left the building
The show has come to an end. It's all over. 
Every cloud has a silver lining
Be optimistic, even difficult times will lead to better days. 
Far cry from
Very different from. 
Feel a bit under the weather
Feeling slightly ill. 
Give the benefit of the doubt
Believe someone's statement, without proof. 
Hear it on the grapevine
This idiom means 'to hear rumors' about something or someone. 
Hit the nail on the head
Do or say something exactly right
Hit the sack / sheets / hay
To go to bed. 
In the heat of the moment
Overwhelmed by what is happening in the moment.
It takes two to tango
Actions or communications need more than one person
Jump on the bandwagon
Join a popular trend or activity. 
Keep something at bay
Keep something away. 
Kill two birds with one stone
This idiom means, to accomplish two different things at the same time. 
Last straw
The final problem in a series of problems. 
Let sleeping dogs lie
Do not disturb a situation as it is - since it would result in trouble or complications. 
Let the cat out of the bag
To share information that was previously concealed
Make a long story short
Come to the point - leave out details
Method to my madness
An assertion that, despite one's approach seeming random, there actually is structure to it. 
Miss the boat
This idiom is used to say that someone missed his or her chance
Not a spark of decency
No manners
Not playing with a full deck
Someone who lacks intelligence. 
Off one's rocker
Crazy, demented, out of one's mind, in a confused or befuddled state of mind, senile. 
On the ball
When someone understands the situation well. 
Once in a blue moon
Happens very rarely. 
Picture paints a thousand words
A visual presentation is far more descriptive than words. 
Piece of cake
A job, task or other activity that is easy or simple. 
Put wool over other people's eyes
This means to deceive someone into thinking well of them. 
See eye to eye
This idiom is used to say that two (or more people) agree on something. 
Sit on the fence
This is used when someone does not want to choose or make a decision. 
Speak of the devil!
This expression is used when the person you have just been talking about arrives. 
Steal someone's thunder
To take the credit for something someone else did. 
Take with a grain of salt
This means not to take what someone says too seriously. 
Taste of your own medicine
Means that something happens to you, or is done to you, that you have done to someone else
To hear something straight from the horse's mouth
To hear something from the authoritative source. 
Whole nine yards
Everything. All of it. 
Wouldn't be caught dead
Would never like to do something
Your guess is as good as mine
To have no idea, do not know the answer to a question
MỘT SỐ BÀI LUẬN MẪU
Write about a person you love or admire 
The person that has influenced my life is my mother because she is the one person that has always stood by my side and encouraged me to reach my full potential. Despite working hard, she always made time to teach us many useful things which are necessary and important in our later lives. Moreover, she is a good role model for me to follow. She always tries to get on well with people who live next door and help everyone when they are in difficulties. Needless to say, I admire and look up to my mother because she not only brings me up well but also stands by me and help if necessary. To give an illustration, when I encounter any difficulty, she will give me some precious advices to help me solve those problems. Above all, she has a major influence on me and I hope that I will inherit some of her traits.
- Describe the tour in Nha Trang
Nha Trang is definitely one interesting place that I would recommend to anyone who asks me for my advice. The beauty of it is somehow beyond description. It is the capital of Khanh Hoa province, has one of the most popular municipal beaches in all of Vietnam. On my last visit to Nha Trang, I used to get up early each morning to stroll along the beach - a chance to breath in the fresh sea air and enjoy the sunrise across the water. More interestingly, another attraction that captivated me is the collection of small offshore islands. Monkey island is, as the name suggests, the home of hundreds of wild monkeys. Yen island is known for its swifts' nests. Needless to say, Nha Trang is the city in harmony: fine weather, favorite position and friendly people. Without doubt, Nha Trang is a great holiday destination, I hope to have chance to come back someday.
- Write about your favorite subject at school
English has always been my favorite among all the subjects that i know, this is resulted from numerous reasons: its neccessity, usefulness and my English teacher. It is widely known that English is a core subject which is vital and essential in my career path. I try to learn this international language well so that I can communicate with foreigners and find a good job in the future. Furthermore, learning English well can help me read books or magazines in English. Through reading things in English, I can be exposed to various cultures and customs. Last but not least, my English teacher is a dedicated person who can engage me in her lessons and bring the passion to me. I found her lessons absolutely interesting for the reason that she delivered them in a way that I really liked. Beyond any doubt, English is an important subject which I find really appealing.
- Describe the beauty of Dalat
Previously, I had never known any place of beauty which left a great impression on me. Since I visit Dalat, my perspectives have altered. Amid the immense mountains and forests of Lam Dong province, Dalat, a beautiful town, captivates all those who have been there once. Dalat is often called the City of Eternal Spring. Flowers of all colors, with many species, the most numerous of which are orchids. More than anywhere else in Vietnam, Dalat sees flowers vie with one another in blossoming in spring. I used to get up early in the morning on fine days to welcome dawn on the highlands. Opening the windows, I had a breath-taking view of nature, and enjoyed the fragrance of wild flowers carried by the clouds, I felt relieved in my heart. In the late afternoons, I often reserved for visits to the Valley of Love and Sigh Lake covered with quiet pine forests. Twilight on Dalat also brought many pictures and sensations. The wind rustling through the pine forests, the roar of waterfalls, the chirping of birds and the clatter of horse 's hooves...all of these unforgettable memories always remain with me.
- Life in the city 
Life in the city is full of activity. Early in the morning hundreds of people rush out of their homes in the manner ants do when their nest is broken. Soon the streets are full of traffic. Shops and offices open, students flock to their schools and the day's work begins. The city now throb with activity, and it is full of noise. Hundreds of sight-seers, tourists and others visit many places of interest in the city while businessmen from various parts of the world arrive to transact business. Then towards evening, the offices and day schools begin to close. Many of the shops too close. There is now a rush for buses and other means of transport. Everyone seems to be in a hurry to reach home. The city is described as a place of constant activity. Here, the drama of life is enacted every day.
- Why do we think friendship is important? 
Why we think friendship is important has always been a hotly-debated topic, this is resulted from numerous reasons. First and foremost, everyone needs at least a friend to share everything regardless of sadness or happiness. For me, I like chatting with my friends about what happened every day and discussing personal problems as well as hanging out with them after school. Furthermore, our friends will be ready to help us out of our troubles. They will give us some good advice and support when we are in dificulties. Last but not least, thanks to friendship, we will have fun and enjoy a meaningful life. After hours of hardworks at school, some chit-chat with friends is the best stress-relief everyone can afford. In conclusion, from my perspective, without friends, life would be extremely dull and boring.
- What are reasons for studying English? 
There has appeared endless discussion over why we should learn English. It is common knowledge that English is an international language spoken by millions of people worldwide as well as the compulsory subject of many school programs. For this reason, if students want to get good results in class, they will have to make every effort to study English well. In addition, most famous universities such as Oxford or Cambridge require students to use English proficiently. Therefore, learning English is one of the compulsory ways to achieve overseas education. In the second place, learning a foreign language helps learners understand and discover other cultures and customs. For instance, people can read books, magazines and news to learn about various cultures because most of them are written in English. Finally, learning English can help us communicate effectively with foreigners around the world. In summary, English plays an important part in the modern world.
- Do you like living in the city or in the country? Why? 	
Whether to live in the city or in the country has caused a question for discussion, Personally, I prefer life in the country due to several reasons. First and foremost, rural areas bring me the peace and comfort, which is beneficial to my health and helps me avoid the noise from vehicles such as motorbikes or cars. More importantly, people in the countryside are remarkably friendly and hospitable. If you live in urban areas, you cannot even know your neighbors. Last but not least, life in cities can be extremely stressful for us. Nowadays, there are tons of problems such as unemployment, crime and poverty that we have to face. In summery, I like to live in the country better than in the city as a result of all the above.
- Advantages of television 
Advantages of television have always been a hotly-debated topic. It cannot be denied that television helps us see more of the world and learn useful things. TV programs provide us with general knowledge about many fileds. For example, we are able to understand different cultures and customs around the world just by staying at home to watch TV programs. Furthermore, television is capable of entertaining us with interesting and exciting programs like comedy shows or movies. This is one of the best ways to help us relax after work hours. Finally, television can make things memorable because it presents information in an effective way. In summary, television has many benefits for the reason that it is not only a source of information but also a means of entertainment.
BÀI TẬP
Write a 140-word paragraph about:
The use of public transport.
How to reduce the use of alcohol.
Your best achievement in the past.
The reason why single-sex or coed-sex education is better.
Your favorite shop / shopping mall.
The benefits of playing sports.
The sport you have played.
A piece of technology you own.
A holiday you have been on.
Why city life is more stressful than life in small towns and villages.
A (famous) person and the interaction between you and that person.
A positive / negative experience in the past.
Advantages / Disavantages of playing video games.