Lý thuyết và bài tập môn Tiếng Anh - Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp và Đại học năm học 2015-2016 - Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả - Nguyễn Xuân Diệu

ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP VÀ ĐẠI HỌC
PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT
CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ
	Student’s name: 	
	Instructor: Nguyễn Xuân Diệu
I. CỤM TỪ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ 
1. TOO.TO(quá.không thể): 
S + V + Too + ADJ/ADV + (for sb) + To-infinitive 
Ví dụ: 
He is too short to play basketball. 
(= He is very short, so he cannot play basketball.)
The coffee is too hot for me to drink. 
(=The coffee is very hot and I cannot drink it.)
This game is too difficult for children to play. 
(= The game is very difficult, so children couldn’t play it)
He spoke too fast for other people to understand. 
(= He spoke very fast, other people cannot understand.)
Example exercise: Combine each pairs of these sentences, using TOO:
Tom is short. He can’t touch the ceiling. 	
→ 	
It’s very late. We can’t see a movie. 	
→ 	
Peter is very tired. He can’t study. 	
→ 	
The pencil is very short. She can’t use it. 	
→ 	
The jacket is very small. He can’t wear it. 	
→ 	
It’s very cold. We can’t go swimming today. 	
→ 	
Sarah can’t take a day off. She was very busy. 	
→ 	
She lives far from school. She can’t walk there. 	
→ 	
Alice is very young. She can’t stay at home alone. 	
→ 	
The meeting is very important. We can’t miss it. 	
→ 	
You speak so fast. I can’t catch up with your words.
→ 	
The piano was too heavy. We couldn’t hang it on the wall.
→ 	
The test was very long. We can’t finish it in half an hour.
→ 	
He reached the station very late. He couldn’t catch the train.
→ 	
Some movies are very violent. Children shouldn’t watch them.
→ 	
 2. ENOUGH (đủđể có thể).
S + V + ADJ/ADV + ENOUGH + (for sb) + To infinitive
S + V + ENOUGH + NOUN + (for sb) + To infinitive
Ví dụ: 
Mary is old enough to do what she wants. 
He didn’t jump high enough to win a prize. 
He wasn’t experienced enough to get that job.
It is not warm enough for children to swim in this pool.
They don’t have enough money to buy that car.
We have enough room for those guests.
Example exercise: Combine each pairs of these sentences, using ENOUGH :
The shirt is big. He can wear it. 	
→ 	
The box is light. She can lift it. 	
→ 	
The ladder is rather long. We can use it. 	
→ 	
It’s not warm today. We can’t go outside. 
→ 	
The ice is very thick. People can dance on it. 	
→ 	
The coat isn’t warm. I can’t wear it in winter. 	
→ 	
Tom doesn’t have money. He can’t pay his bills. 	
→ 	
That bookcase is large. It can hold 150 books. 	
→ 	
The river is very rough. We can’t swim in it.	
→ 	
It was very hot. You can fry an egg on the pavement. 
→ 	
You are quite thin. You can slip between the two bars.
→ 	
All my guests will need chairs. But I haven’t got any.
→ 	
I didn’t have time. I couldn’t eat breakfast this morning.
→ 	
A taxi would have been best. But I didn’t have enough money.
→ 	
The room is not wide. We can’t hold a party in this room.
→ 	
That chair is not strong. We can’t stand so long on that chair.
→ 	
Mary doesn’t have money. She can’t buy that Martin bicycle.
→ 	
II. MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ
 1. SO.THAT (quáđến nỗi) 
S + V + SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT + S + V
Ví dụ: 
It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything.
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
Example exercise: Combine each pairs of these sentences, using SOTHAT.
She was frightened. She lost control of her car. 	
→ 	
The music was loud. It gave me a headache. 	
→ 	
The room is crowded. We can hardly move. 	
→ 	
He was very disappointed. He committed a suicide.
→ 	
She drove very fast. A policeman had to stop her and gave her a ticket. 
→ 	
She was very short. She couldn’t reach the tops of the high shelves.
→ 	
The atmosphere was suffocating. Nobody could resist the temptation to go to the seaside.
→ 	
He lives far from the office. He often gets up early to catch the bus to go to work on time.
→ 	
Judy worked very hard. She received an increase in salary
→ 	
They sang very well. They got a stand ovation.
→ 	
2. SUCH THAT(quá...đến nỗi..) 
S + V + SUCH + (A/AN) + ADJ + DT đếm được số nhiều + THAT + S + V
 DT không đếm được
Ví dụ: 
She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
Perry has had such bad luck that he’s decided not to gamble.
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home.
It is such an intelligent boy that we all love him.
Example exercise: 
It was a bad storm. We had to seek shelter. 	
→ 	
 I waited a long time. I finally had to leave. 
→ 	
It was a fine day. We wanted to go picnicking. 
→ 	
He gave me good advice. I passed the test easily. 
→ 	
It was a foggy night. We couldn’t see the road. 
→ 	
It was a delicious dessert. I decided to order portion. 
→ 	
She received very shocking news. She nearly fainted. 
→ 	
It was a beautiful dress. Mary wanted to show it to everybody at the party.
→ 	
His sudden appearance gave her a great surprise. She burst out crying.
→ 	
The children took a large bite of sandwich. He couldn’t chew it.
→ 	
It was a strong wind. It blew down several banyan trees in this village. 
→ 	
He had a lot of work to do. He did not have time for lunch.
→ 	
He was given a lot of work to do. He protested. 
→ 	
I had a lot of trouble with my schoolwork. I had to ask for help. 
→ 	
There were a lot of questions on the test. I couldn’t finish it in half an hour.
→ 	
3. Cấu trúc đặc biệt
S + V + SO +MANY/ FEW+ danh từ đếm được số nhiều + THAT + S + V
S + V + SO + MUCH/ LITTLE+danh từ không đếm được+ THAT + S + V
Ví dụ: 
The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
I had so few job offers that it wasn’t difficult to select one. 
He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
Example exercise:
There were many people on the bus. We decided to walk.
→ 	
He had so many books to read. He didn’t find time for his hobby.
→ 	
She ate very little food and drink. She lost 10 kilos for 2 months. 
→ 	
There were many people in the theater. I couldn’t find the seat.
→ 	
There were very few students at the extra class. It was cancelled. 
→ 	
The grass received very little water. It turned brown in the heat.
→ 	
He has invested so much money in the project. He can’t give it up now.
→ 	
There were many people in the hall. We couldn’t see Professor Taylor.
→ 	
There are too many difficulties. They must postpone the project until next year.
→ 	
There are many new words on the exam. The students just complete it in time.
→ 	
There is so much noise. He can’t concentrate on his lessons.
→ 	
They drank very much wine. They slept all day. 
→ 	
S + V + SUCH + A/AN + ADJ + DT đếm được số ít + THAT + S + V
S + V + SO + ADJ + A + DT đếm được số ít + THAT + S + V
Ví dụ; 
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors 
↔ It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
It was such an interesting book that he couldn’t put it down
↔ It was so interesting a book that he couldn’t put it down.
Exercise:
The house was so expensive. Nobody can buy it.
→ The house was so 	
→ It was so 	
The food was very delicious. We ate all of it.
→ The food was so 	
→ It was such 	
The piano is so heavy. He can’t lift it up..
→The patient is so 	
→ It is such	
This room is so dark. I can’t study in this room.
→ This room is so 	
→ It is so 	
This room is very small. We can’t hold the meeting.
→ This room is so 	
→ It was such 	
Tests are very difficult. We all couldn’t do them.
→ It was such 	
The map is too old. We couldn’t read it.
→ It is so 	
That woman was very tall. She could touch the ceiling.
→ She was such 	
The coffee was so strong. She couldn’t go to sleep.
→ It was so 	
This coat is very big. I can’t wear it.
→ It is such	
4. Đảo ngữ 
1. SO + ADJ + BE + DT đếm được số it/ S + THAT + S + 
2. SO + ADJ + Trợ động từ + DT đếm được số it / S + V + THAT + S + V
 S1 + V + SUCH + (A/AN )+ ADJ + Danh từ + THAT + S + V
1. S1 = It: SUCH + BE + (A/AN )+ ADJ + Danh từ + THAT + S + V
2. S = others: 
 SUCH + (A/AN )+ ADJ + DT + (Trợ động từ ) + S + V +THAT + S + V
(SUCH + (A/AN )+ ADJ + DT + BE + S + THAT + S + V
Ví dụ: 
1. She is so kind that everyone loves her → So kind is she that everyone loves her.
2. The man runs so fast that no one can catch up with him.
→ So fast does the man run that no one can catch up with him.
3. They had such a good performance that all the audience must applauded.
→ Such a good performance did they have that all the audience must applauded.
4. She was such a kind woman that everyone loved her
→ Such a kind woman was she that everyone loved her
Exercise: 
I love you so deeply that I can’t live without you.
→ So 	
The weather was so terrible that all crops were destroyed.
→ So 	
It is so strange a situation that I can’t sleep.
→ So 	 
They carry such heavy bags that none of us could lift them.
→ Such 	
It is such a large stadium that it can hold 60000 people.
→ Such 	
Those lessons are very complicated. He can’t understand them
→ Such 	
The climate was very bad. All the plants couldn’t grow well.
→ So 	
Those cars were very cheap. Many people bought them last month.
→ So 	
III. Chuyển đổi câu
1. Dạng 1
S + V (NOT) + ADJ/ ADV + ENOUGH + TO V
↕
S + V + TOO + ADJ/ ADV ( TRÁI NGHĨA) + TO V
My brother isn’t old enough to ride a motorbike. 
→ My brother is 	
I wasn’t tall enough to reach the book.
→ I 	
He didn’t speak slowly enough for me to understand. 
→ He	
Her son doesn’t study well enough to pass the exam.
→ Her 	
William is too fat to wear the jeans
→ William 	
David was too sick to go to work
→ David 	
The tables were too heavy for me to lift
→ The tables 	
She is too weak to get up
→ She 	
Mike is too young to see the horror film.
→ Mike 	
Peter is too young to ride a bike.
→ Peter 	
2. Dạng 2
S + V + SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT+ S + Vm + V 
↕
S +V + ADJ/ADV + ENOUGH + TO_INF
He acted so well that the audience was moved to tears.
→ He 	
She isn’t very intelligent, so she can’t do that exercises.
→ She 	
The paper mill is very large, so it can satisfy the need of the whole country.
→ The paper mill 	
Those exercises are easy, so they could finish them in half an hour.
→ Those exercises 	
The policeman could not run very fast, so he was unable to catch the burglar.
→ 	
There is no much beer, so you can’t all have a drink.
→There 	
I am very tired, so I must go to bed early.
→ I 	
The water was so cold that children could not swim in it.
→ The water 	
It is so sunny that we can dry our rice.
→ It is 	
They are so kind that they are very hospitable to me
→ 	
Thomas is so skillful that he can make a lot of toys.
→Thomas 	
The wine is so strong that he could make a fire.
→The wine 	
That man is so rich that he can buy a spaceship.
→ That man 	
The boy is so intelligent that he can answer all the questions.
→ The boy 	
The girl was so ill that they sent for a doctor.
→ The girl 	
3. Dạng 3
1. S + BE + TOO + ADJ + (FOR SB) + TO_INFI 
 ↕
 S+ BE + SO +ADJ +THAT + S + VM + NOT + V_INFI
2. S + V + TOO + ADV +(FOR SB) + TO_INFI
 ↕
 S + V + SO + ADV + THAT + S +VM + NOT + V_INFI
VM = CAN, COULD, MAY, SHOULD, WOULD, WILL, 
Exercise : 
This iron bar is too cold for the worker to strike.
→ The iron bar 	
The news is too good to be truth.
→ The news 	
He spoke too fast for anybody to understand.
→ He 	
This tea is too hot for him to to drink.
→ This tea 	
The cake was too hard for me to eat.
→The cake 	
The production is too small to satisfy the need of our city.
→ The production 	
The problem was too complicated for them to solve in a few months.
→ The problem 	
The man was too tired to say a word.
→ The man 	
I think that my sister is too busy to help them.
→ I think my sister 	
Peter is too young to take part in the club.
→ Peter 	
She spoke so fast that we couldn’t hear him.
→ She 	
She was so busy that he couldn’t do the housework.
→ She was too 	
I’m so tired that I couldn’t keep my eyes open.
→ I’m too 	
The girl is so ugly that she can’t participate in the beauty contest.
→ The girl 	
The car travels so slowly that they couldn’t reach the station on time.
→ The car 	
Khanh Nhu is so busy that she can’t go to the cinema.
→ Khanh Nhu 	
Jean learns so lazily that she couldn’t pass the exam.
→ Jean 	
The river so large that we can’t swim across it.
→ The rever 	
The music is so loud that they can’t enjoy it.
→ The music 	
The case was so heavy that he couldn’t carry it.
→ The case 	
4. Dạng 4
S + V + SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT + S + V
 ↕
S + V + SUCH + (A/AN) + ADJ + DT đếm được số nhiều + THAT + S + V
 DT không đếm được
Exercises: 
The boy was so naughty that he set the fire to his house.
→ He was 	
She is so ugly that children don’t dare to meet her.
→ She is 	
Mary ran so quickly that she won the medal.
→ Mary 	
The door is so rotten that the dog makes a hole on it.
→ It is 	
The tiger was so hungry that it could attack the visitors.
→ It was 	
The dog is so fierce that the girl can’t enter the yard.
→ It is 	
Her hand writing was so small that he can’t read it.
→She has 	
It was such a terrifying film that she didn’t dare to go to the toilet.
→ The film was 	
The landlord was such a wicked person that all the tenants left him.
→ The landlord 	
It was such a crowded bus that we couldn’t get on it.
→ The bus 	
She is such a weak girl that she can’t lift the box.
→ She 	
It was so interesting a film that all members in my family watch it.
→ The film 	
Sentence transformation
We went to bed early because we were very tired.
→ We were so	
The lesson is very difficult. We can’t understand it
→ It is such	
The car is so old that he doesn’t want to drive it.
→ It is such	
The weather was very cold. We couldn’t go out.
→ The weather was too	
The film was so interesting that we couldn’t miss it.
→ It was such	
The film was very good. We saw it through. (Enough)
→ The film was	
The play was very amusing. They enjoyed it. (Enough)
→ The play was	
The children were very late. They couldn’t see the display of fireworks. (Too)
→ The children were	
Your brother is very young. He can’t go swimming. (Too)
→ He is	
The coffee isn't strong. It won't keep us awake. (Enough)
→ 	
The boy can’t wear the shirt because it’s very tight.
→The shirt is too	
→The shirt is so	
→ It is so	
→ So 	
→ It is such	
→ Such	
This problem is very difficult. He can’t solve it.
→ The problem is too	
→ The problem is so	 
→ It is such 	
→ It is so	
→ So	
→ It is such 	
→ Such	
The man was not able to go on an expedition to the Middle East because he was too old.
→ The man was too 	
→ The man is so	
→ So	
→ Such	
Hoa is very sick. She can’t sit up.
→ Hoa is too	
→ Hoa is so	
→ So	
It was very dark, so she couldn’t go out.
→ It was too	
→ It is so	
→ So	
That car was too expensive for me to buy.
→ That car was so	
→ So	
→ It was so	
→ It was such	
→ Such	
The movie was so funny that we couldn’t stop laughing.	
→ The movie was too 	
→ It was such	
→ It was so	
→ So 	
→ It was such	
→ Such	
No one could move the piano. It was very heavy.
→ The piano was too 	
→ The piano was so	
→ It was so	
→ So	
→ It was such	
→ Such	
We shouldn’t swim in this river. The water isn’t clean.
→ The river isn’t 	
→ The river is too 	
→ The river is so 	
→ It is so 	
→ So 	
→ It is such 	
→ Such 	
John couldn’t get to sleep last night. He was worried about exam.
→ John was too	
→ John was so 	
It was a good book. I couldn’t put it down.
→ The book was too	
→ The book was so	
→ It was so	
→ So	
→ It was such	
→ Such	
They were beautiful flowers. We took a photograph of them.
→ They were too	
→ They were so	
→ So	
→ It was such	
→ Such	
She speaks English well. You would think it was her native language.
She speaks English too	
She speaks English so	
So